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Jamal M, Sharif F, Shozab Mehdi M, Fakhar-e-Alam M, Asif M, Mustafa W, Bashir M, Rafiq S, Bustam MA, Saif-ur-Rehman, Dahlous KA, Shibl MF, Al-Qahtani NH. Development of Biocompatible Electrospun PHBV-PLLA Polymeric Bilayer Composite Membranes for Skin Tissue Engineering Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:2049. [PMID: 38731542 PMCID: PMC11085634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bilayer electrospun fibers aimed to be used for skin tissue engineering applications were fabricated for enhanced cell attachment and proliferation. Different ratios of PHBV-PLLA (70:30, 80:20, and 90:10 w/w) blends were electrospun on previously formed electrospun PHBV membranes to produce their bilayers. The fabricated electrospun membranes were characterized with FTIR, which conformed to the characteristic peaks assigned for both PHBV and PLLA. The surface morphology was evaluated using SEM analysis that showed random fibers with porous morphology. The fiber diameter and pore size were measured in the range of 0.7 ± 0.1 µm and 1.9 ± 0.2 µm, respectively. The tensile properties of the bilayers were determined using an electrodynamic testing system. Bilayers had higher elongation at break (44.45%) compared to the monolayers (28.41%) and improved ultimate tensile strength (7.940 MPa) compared to the PHBV monolayer (2.450 MPa). In vitro cytotoxicity of each of the scaffolds was determined via culturing MC3T3 (pre-osteoblastic cell line) on the membranes. Proliferation was evaluated using the Alamar Blue assay on days 3, 7, and 14, respectively. SEM images of cells cultured on membranes were taken in addition to bright field imaging to visually show cell attachment. Fluorescent nuclear staining performed with DAPI was imaged with an inverted fluorescent microscope. The fabricated bilayer shows high mechanical strength as well as biocompatibility with good cell proliferation and cell attachment, showing potential for skin substitute applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddasar Jamal
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.J.); (W.M.); (S.-u.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.J.); (W.M.); (S.-u.-R.)
| | - Muhammad Shozab Mehdi
- Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.F.-e.-A.)
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.F.-e.-A.)
| | - Waleed Mustafa
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.J.); (W.M.); (S.-u.-R.)
| | - Mustehsan Bashir
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery and Burn Unit, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sikandar Rafiq
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composites Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology-Lahore, New Campus, Lahore 39161, Pakistan;
| | - Mohamad Azmi Bustam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Saif-ur-Rehman
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.J.); (W.M.); (S.-u.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ProcESS-Process Engineering for Sustainable System, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kholood A. Dahlous
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed F. Shibl
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
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Zdraveva E, Bendelja K, Bočkor L, Dolenec T, Mijović B. Detection of Limbal Stem Cells Adhered to Melt Electrospun Silk Fibroin and Gelatin-Modified Polylactic Acid Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030777. [PMID: 36772078 PMCID: PMC9919663 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cells (LSCs) are of paramount importance in corneal epithelial tissue repair. The cornea becomes opaque in case of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), which may cause serious damage to the ocular visual function. There are many techniques to restore damaged epithelium, one of which is the transplantation of healthy cultured LSCs, usually onto a human amniotic membrane or onto bio-based engineered scaffolds in recent years. In this study, melt electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) was modified by silk fibroin or gelatin and further cultured with LSCs originating from three different donors. In terms of physicochemical properties, both modifications slightly increased PLA scaffold porosity (with a significantly larger pore area for the PLA/gelatin) and improved the scaffolds' swelling percentage, as well as their biodegradation rate. In terms of the scaffold application function, the aim was to detect/visualize whether LSCs adhered to the scaffolds and to further determine cell viability (total number), as well as to observe p63 and CK3 expressions in the LSCs. LSCs were attached to the surface of microfibers, showing flattened conformations or 3D spheres in the formation of colonies or agglomerations, respectively. All scaffolds showed the ability to bind the cells onto the surface of individual microfibers (PLA and PLA/gelatin), or in between the microfibers (PLA/silk fibroin), with the latter showing the most intense red fluorescence of the stained cells. All scaffolds proved to be biocompatible, while the PLA/silk fibroin scaffolds showed the highest 98% viability of 2.9 × 106 LSCs, with more than 98% of p63 and less than 20% of CK3 expressions in the LSCs, thus confirming the support of their growth, proliferation and corneal epithelial differentiation. The results show the potential of these bio-engineered scaffolds to be used as an alternative clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Zdraveva
- Department of Fundamental Natural and Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešo Bendelja
- Center for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Bočkor
- Center for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Dolenec
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Budimir Mijović
- Department of Fundamental Natural and Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Khaksarinejad R, Arabpour Z, RezaKhani L, Parvizpour F, Rasmi Y. Biomarker based biosensors: An opportunity for diagnosis of COVID-19. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2356. [PMID: 35478470 PMCID: PMC9111147 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of diseases are crucial research areas of human health. For early diagnosis, one method that has proven efficient is the detection of biomarkers which can provide real-time and accurate biological information. Most biomarker detection is currently carried out at localised dedicated laboratories using large and automated analysers, increasing waiting time and costs. Smaller, faster, and cheaper devices could potentially replace these time-consuming laboratory analyses and make analytical results available as point-of-care diagnostics. Innovative biosensor-based strategies could allow biomarkers to be tested reliably in a decentralised setting. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients has a key role in order to use quarantine and treatment strategies in a timely manner. Raised levels of several biomarkers in COVID-19 patients are associated with respiratory infections or dysfunction of various organs. Through clinical studies of COVID-19 patient biomarkers such as ferritin, Interleukins, albumin and …are found to reveals significant differences in their excretion ranges from healthy patients and patients with SARS-CoV-2, in addition to the development of biomarkers based biosensor such as stated biomarkers can be used and to investigate more specific biomarkers further proteomic analysis can be performed. This review presents several biomarker alterations in COVID-19 patients such as salivary, circulatory, coagulation, cardiovascular, renal, liver, C-reactive protein (CRP), immunological and inflammatory biomarkers. Also, biomarker sensors based on electrochemical, optical, and lateral flow characteristics which have potential applications for SARS-COV-2 in the recent COVID-19 pandemic, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khaksarinejad
- Department of ToxicologyFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zohreh Arabpour
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Leila RezaKhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research CenterHealth Technology InstituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
- Department of Tissue EngineeringSchool of MedicineKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Farzad Parvizpour
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
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Tan Q, Le H, Tang C, Zhang M, Yang W, Hong Y, Wang X. Tailor-made natural and synthetic grafts for precise urethral reconstruction. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:392. [PMID: 36045428 PMCID: PMC9429763 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries to the urethra can be caused by malformations, trauma, inflammation, or carcinoma, and reconstruction of the injured urethra is still a significant challenge in clinical urology. Implanting grafts for urethroplasty and end-to-end anastomosis are typical clinical interventions for urethral injury. However, complications and high recurrence rates remain unsatisfactory. To address this, urethral tissue engineering provides a promising modality for urethral repair. Additionally, developing tailor-made biomimetic natural and synthetic grafts is of great significance for urethral reconstruction. In this work, tailor-made biomimetic natural and synthetic grafts are divided into scaffold-free and scaffolded grafts according to their structures, and the influence of different graft structures on urethral reconstruction is discussed. In addition, future development and potential clinical application strategies of future urethral reconstruction grafts are predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061, People's Republic Of China
| | - Hanxiang Le
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic Of China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061, People's Republic Of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061, People's Republic Of China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061, People's Republic Of China
| | - Yazhao Hong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic Of China.
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061, People's Republic Of China.
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5
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Delivery of Cells to the Cornea Using Synthetic Biomaterials. Cornea 2022; 41:1325-1336. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Bazgir M, Zhang W, Zhang X, Elies J, Saeinasab M, Coates P, Youseffi M, Sefat F. Degradation and Characterisation of Electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4773. [PMID: 34500862 PMCID: PMC8432541 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and the effects of degradation on the structural properties of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)- and polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanofibrous scaffolds. Six scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning, three with PCL 15% (w/v) and three with PLGA 10% (w/v), with electrospinning processing times of 30, 60 and 90 min. Both types of scaffolds displayed more robust mechanical properties with increased spinning times. The tensile strength of both scaffolds with 90-min electrospun membranes did not show a significant difference in their strengths, as the PCL and PLGA scaffolds measured at 1.492 MPa ± 0.378 SD and 1.764 MPa ± 0.7982 SD, respectively. All membranes were shown to be hydrophobic under a wettability test. A degradation behaviour study was performed by immersing all scaffolds in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution at room temperature for 12 weeks and for 4 weeks at 37 °C. The effects of degradation were monitored by taking each sample out of the PBS solution every week, and the structural changes were investigated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The PCL and PLGA scaffolds showed excellent fibre structure with adequate degradation, and the fibre diameter, measured over time, showed slight increase in size. Therefore, as an example of fibre water intake and progressive degradation, the scaffold's percentage weight loss increased each week, further supporting the porous membrane's degradability. The pore size and the porosity percentage of all scaffolds decreased substantially over the degradation period. The conclusion drawn from this experiment is that PCL and PLGA hold great promise for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Bazgir
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; (M.B.); (M.Y.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
- Advanced Polymer Materials Research Center, Sichuan University, Shishi 362700, China
| | - Ximu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, China;
| | - Jacobo Elies
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | - Morvarid Saeinasab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran;
| | - Phil Coates
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science and Technology (Polymer IRC), University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | - Mansour Youseffi
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; (M.B.); (M.Y.)
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; (M.B.); (M.Y.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science and Technology (Polymer IRC), University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
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Abdul-Al M, Kyeremeh GK, Saeinasab M, Heidari Keshel S, Sefat F. Stem Cell Niche Microenvironment: Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8080108. [PMID: 34436111 PMCID: PMC8389324 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8080108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cornea comprises a pool of self-regenerating epithelial cells that are crucial to preserving clarity and visibility. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs), which live in a specialized stem cell niche (SCN), are crucial for the survival of the human corneal epithelium. They live at the bottom of the limbal crypts, in a physically enclosed microenvironment with a number of neighboring niche cells. Scientists also simplified features of these diverse microenvironments for more analysis in situ by designing and recreating features of different SCNs. Recent methods for regenerating the corneal epithelium after serious trauma, including burns and allergic assaults, focus mainly on regenerating the LESCs. Mesenchymal stem cells, which can transform into self-renewing and skeletal tissues, hold immense interest for tissue engineering and innovative medicinal exploration. This review summarizes all types of LESCs, identity and location of the human epithelial stem cells (HESCs), reconstruction of LSCN and artificial stem cells for self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdul-Al
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD71DP, UK; (M.A.-A.); (G.K.K.)
| | - George Kumi Kyeremeh
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD71DP, UK; (M.A.-A.); (G.K.K.)
| | - Morvarid Saeinasab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779 48974, Iran;
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839 69411, Iran;
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD71DP, UK; (M.A.-A.); (G.K.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology (Polymer IRC), University of Bradford, Bradford BD71DP, UK
- Correspondence:
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Ramachandran C, Deshpande P, Ortega I, Sefat F, McKean R, Srivastava M, MacNeil S, Basu S, Sangwan VS. Proof-of-concept study of electrospun PLGA membrane in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2021; 6:e000762. [PMID: 34395914 PMCID: PMC8314696 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the safety of poly-lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) electrospun membranes as carriers for limbal tissue explants for treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Methods and analysis Approval was obtained for a first in-man study from the Drug Controller General of India. PLGA membranes were applied to the affected eye of five patients after removal of the vascular pannus. Simple limbal epithelial transplantation was performed and limbal explants were secured on the membrane using fibrin glue followed by a bandage contact lens. Patients were followed up for 1 year with ocular exams including slit lamp exam, corneal thickness measurements, intraocular pressure measurements and recording of corneal vascularisation and visual acuity. Systemic examinations included pain grading, clinical laboratory assessment, blood chemistry and urine analysis at baseline, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results PLGA membranes completely degraded by 8 weeks post-transplantation without any infection or inflammation. In all five patients, the epithelium regenerated by 3 months. In two in five patients, there was a sustained two-line improvement in vision. In one in five patients, the vision improvement was limited due to an underlying stromal scarring. There was recurrence of pannus and LSCD in two in five patients 6 months after surgery which was not attributable to the membrane. The ocular surface remained clear with no epithelial defects in three in five subjects at 12 months. Conclusion PLGA electrospun membranes show promise as carrier for limbal epithelial cells in the treatment of LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanya Ramachandran
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pallavi Deshpande
- Insitute of Population Healthy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ilida Ortega
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Biomedical and Electronics Engineering Department, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Rob McKean
- The Electrospinning Company Ltd, Didcot, UK
| | | | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sayan Basu
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Paterson TE, Dhowre HS, Villanueva D, Holland JW, Reddy Kethiri A, Singh V, Claeyssens F, MacNeil S, Ortega Asencio I. Tuning Electrospun Substrate Stiffness for the Fabrication of a Biomimetic Amniotic Membrane Substitute for Corneal Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5638-5649. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Paterson
- Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Hala S. Dhowre
- School of Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom
| | - Danilo Villanueva
- School of Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph W. Holland
- School of Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom
| | - Abhinav Reddy Kethiri
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- The Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- The Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
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10
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Banani MA, Rahmatullah M, Farhan N, Hancox Z, Yousaf S, Arabpour Z, Moghaddam ZS, Mozafari M, Sefat F. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for breast tissue regeneration. Regen Med 2021; 16:47-70. [PMID: 33533667 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With an escalating incidence of breast cancer cases all over the world and the deleterious psychological impact that mastectomy has on patients along with several limitations of the currently applied modalities, it's plausible to seek unconventional approaches to encounter such a burgeoning issue. Breast tissue engineering may allow that chance via providing more personalized solutions which are able to regenerate, mimicking natural tissues also facing the witnessed limitations. This review is dedicated to explore the utilization of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for breast tissue regeneration among postmastectomy cases focusing on biomaterials and cellular aspects in terms of harvesting, isolation, differentiation and new tissue formation as well as scaffolds types, properties, material-host interaction and an in vitro breast tissue modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Banani
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Nawras Farhan
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Zoe Hancox
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Safiyya Yousaf
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Zohreh Arabpour
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Zoha Salehi Moghaddam
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology (IRC Polymer), University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology (IRC Polymer), University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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11
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Hancox Z, Heidari Keshel S, Yousaf S, Saeinasab M, Shahbazi MA, Sefat F. The progress in corneal translational medicine. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6469-6504. [PMID: 33174878 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01209b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cornea tissue is in high demand by tissue donation centres globally, and thus tissue engineering cornea, which is the main topic of corneal translational medicine, can serve as a limitless alternative to a donated human cornea tissue. Tissue engineering aims to produce solutions to the challenges associated with conventional cornea tissue, including transplantation and use of human amniotic membrane (HAM), which have issues with storage and immune rejection in patients. Accordingly, by carefully selecting biomaterials and fabrication methods to produce these therapeutic tissues, the demand for cornea tissue can be met, with an improved healing outcome for recipients with less associated harmful risks. In this review paper, we aim to present the recent advancements in the research and clinical applications of cornea tissue, applications including biomaterial selection, fabrication methods, scaffold structure, cellular response to these scaffolds, and future advancements of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Hancox
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
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12
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Sharma K, Bullock AJ, Giblin V, MacNeil S. Identification of a fibrin concentration that promotes skin cell outgrowth from skin explants onto a synthetic dermal substitute. JPRAS Open 2020; 25:8-17. [PMID: 32490127 PMCID: PMC7260611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our overall objective is to develop a single-stage in-theatre skin replacement by combining small explants of skin with a synthetic biodegradable dermal scaffold. The aim of the current study is to determine the concentration of fibrin constituents and their handling properties for both adhering skin explants to the scaffold and encouraging cellular outgrowth to achieve reepithelialization. METHODS Small skin explants were combined with several concentrations of thrombin (2.5,4.5,and 6.5 I.U) and fibrinogen (18.75,67, and 86.5 mg/ml), cultured in Green's media for 14 days and cellular outgrowth was measured using Rose Bengal staining. They were also cultured on electrospun scaffolds for 14 and 21 days. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was undertaken to visualize the interface between skin explants and scaffolds and metabolic activity and collagen production were assessed. RESULTS A thrombin/fibrinogen combination of 2.5 I. U/ml /18.75 mg/ml showed significantly greater cell viability as assessed by Rose Bengal stained areas at days 7 and 14. This was also seen in DAPI images and H&E stains skin explant/scaffold constructs. Fibrin with a concentration of thrombin 2.5 I.U./ml took 5-6 min to set, which is convenient for distributing skin explants on the scaffold. CONCLUSION The study identified concentrations of thrombin (2.5 I.U/ml) and fibrinogen (18.75 mg/ml), which were easy to handle and aided the retention of skin explants and permitted cell outgrowth from explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Sharma
- Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S1 7HQ UK
| | - Anthony J. Bullock
- Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S1 7HQ UK
| | - Victoria Giblin
- Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S1 7HQ UK
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S1 7HQ UK
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Dikici S, Claeyssens F, MacNeil S. Bioengineering Vascular Networks to Study Angiogenesis and Vascularization of Physiologically Relevant Tissue Models in Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3513-3528. [PMID: 32582840 PMCID: PMC7304666 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis assays are essential for studying aspects of neovascularization and angiogenesis and investigating drugs that stimulate or inhibit angiogenesis. To date, there are several in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays that are used for studying different aspects of angiogenesis. Although in vivo assays are the most representative of native angiogenesis, they raise ethical questions, require considerable technical skills, and are expensive. In vitro assays are inexpensive and easier to perform, but the majority of them are only two-dimensional cell monolayers which lack the physiological relevance of three-dimensional structures. Thus, it is important to look for alternative platforms to study angiogenesis under more physiologically relevant conditions in vitro. Accordingly, in this study, we developed polymeric vascular networks to be used to study angiogenesis and vascularization of a 3D human skin model in vitro. Our results showed that this platform allowed the study of more than one aspect of angiogenesis, endothelial migration and tube formation, in vitro when combined with Matrigel. We successfully reconstructed a human skin model, as a representative of a physiologically relevant and complex structure, and assessed the suitability of the developed in vitro platform for studying endothelialization of the tissue-engineered skin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dikici
- Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials
Science
and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
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Sangwan VS, Gupta N, Singh A, MacNeil S. Cutting corners, or simplifying technology to reach more patients; using the body as its own incubator for epithelial regeneration. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019; 67:1261-1263. [PMID: 31332104 PMCID: PMC6677077 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_632_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Virender S Sangwan
- Cornea, Anterior Segment and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Daryaganj, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Cornea, Anterior Segment and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Daryaganj, New Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Singh
- Cornea, Anterior Segment and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Daryaganj, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Aligned electrospun cellulose scaffolds coated with rhBMP-2 for both in vitro and in vivo bone tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 213:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ramachandran C, Sangwan VS, Ortega I, Bhatnagar U, Mulla SMA, McKean R, MacNeil S. Synthetic biodegradable alternatives to the use of the amniotic membrane for corneal regeneration: assessment of local and systemic toxicity in rabbits. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:286-292. [PMID: 30337329 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the local and systemic response to poly-lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) 50:50 membranes, developed as synthetic biodegradable alternatives to the use of human donor amniotic membrane in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. METHODS PLGA membranes of 2 cm diameter and 50 µm thickness were placed on one eye of rabbits and secured in place using fibrin glue and a bandage contact lens, suturing the eye close with a single stitch. Control animals were treated identically, with the absence of the membranes. Plain and microfabricated electrospun membranes (containing micropockets which roughly emulate the native limbal niche) were examined over 29 days. All animals were subjected to a detailed gross and histopathological observation as well as a detailed examination of the eye. RESULTS Application of the membranes both with and without microfabricated pockets did not adversely affect animal welfare. There was complete degradation of the membranes by day 29. The membranes did not induce any significant local or systemic toxicity. Conjunctival congestion and corneal vascularisation were noted in a few control and PLGA-treated animals. Intraocular pressure was normal and the retinal status was unaltered. The ocular surface was clear and intact in all animals by the end of 29 days. CONCLUSION Membranes of 50:50 PLGA can be safely applied to rabbit corneas without inducing any local or systemic toxicity and these break down completely within 29 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanya Ramachandran
- Sudhakar and Sreekanth Ravi Stem Cell Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, LV Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Virender S Sangwan
- Sudhakar and Sreekanth Ravi Stem Cell Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, LV Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ilida Ortega
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Rob McKean
- The Electrospinning Company Ltd, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Roman S, Hillary C, Narice B, Bullock AJ, Anumba DO, MacNeil S. Visualisation of the insertion of a membrane for the treatment of preterm rupture of fetal membranes using a synthetic model of a pregnant uterus. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:234-244. [PMID: 29996717 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218786038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes is a leading cause of preterm delivery. Preterm labour can compromise fetal survival, and even if a pregnancy affected by preterm premature rupture of fetal membrane continues, major complications associated with leakage of amniotic fluid and risk of infection can affect the normal development and survival of the baby. There are limited management options for preterm premature rupture of fetal membrane other than delivery of the baby if ascending infection (chorioamnionitis) is suspected. We have previously reported the development and characterisation of an implantable membrane with the aim of using it to occlude the internal os of the cervix, in order to prevent amniotic fluid loss, allow fluid reaccumulation and reduce the risk of chorioamnionitis. For this, an electrospun biocompatible and distensible bilayer membrane was designed with mechanical properties similar to the human amniotic membrane. In this study, we consider the effects of sterilization on the membrane, how to insert the membrane and visualise it using routine clinical methods. To do this, we used e-beam sterilisation and examined the ability of the membrane to adhere to ex vivo human cervical tissues. We also studied its insertion into a custom-synthesised model of a 20-week pregnant uterus and imaged the membrane using ultrasound. Sterilisation produced minor effects on physical and mechanical properties, but these did not affect the capacity of the membrane to be sutured or to provide a fluid barrier. We demonstrated that fibrin glue can successfully adhere the bilayer membrane to cervical tissues. Finally, we demonstrated that the membrane can be inserted through the cervix as well as visualized in place using ultrasound imaging and an endoscope. In summary, we suggest this membrane is a candidate for further development in an appropriate animal model, supported by appropriate imaging, to precede possible future human studies if judged to demonstrate satisfactory safety and efficacy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiniano Roman
- Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Brenda Narice
- Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Dilly Oc Anumba
- Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Current approaches to the problem of carrier selection for limbal stem cells cultivation in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17816/ov11248-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases and damages of the ocular surface are one of the common causes of decreased vision and blindness. Dysfunction or death of limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC) plays an important role in the development of pathological processes in these conditions, which leads to the development of the limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Currently, one of the methods to treat LSCD is a transplantation of cultured ex vivo LESC. The most common carriers for the cultivation of LESC in the world is the amniotic membrane (AM). However, the presence of certain disadvantages in using AM for the cultivation of LESC compels to search new types of carriers made from biological or synthetic materials. In this review, we have analyzed various types of carriers: collagen, fibrin, chitosan with gelatin, silk fibroin, keratin, contact lenses, polylactide-co-glycolide, polycaprolactone, and the possibility of their application as carriers for the LESC cultivation followed by transplantation on the ocular surface is considered.
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Simsek A, Bullock AJ, Roman S, Chapple CR, MacNeil S. Developing improved tissue-engineered buccal mucosa grafts for urethral reconstruction. Can Urol Assoc J 2018; 12:E234-E242. [PMID: 29405909 PMCID: PMC5966936 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to compare alternative synthetic scaffolds suitable for future implantation and to examine the use of an inhibitor of lysyl oxidase (beta-amino-propionitrile [β-APN]) to reduce contraction in these implants. METHODS Three synthetic scaffolds were compared to natural dermis as substrates for the production of tissue-engineered skin. For natural dermis, Euroskin was used to provide a cell-free cadaveric dermis. Synthetic scaffolds consisted of microfibrous poly-L-lactic acid (PLA), nanofibrous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and a micro-/nanofibrous trilayer of PLA-PHBV-PLA. The latter were all electrospun and then all four scaffolds (three synthetic, one natural) were placed in six well plates. A culture well was formed on the scaffold using a 1 cm diameter stainless steel ring and 1.5×105 oral fibroblasts were seeded one side; after two days of culture, the ring was placed on the other side of the scaffolds and 3×105 oral keratinocytes were seeded on to the scaffolds and cultured with keratinocytes uppermost. After a further two days of culture, scaffolds were cut to 1 cm2 and raised to an air-liquid interface on stainless steel grids; some were treated with 200 μg/mL β-APN throughout the culture period (28 days). Contraction in vitro was assessed by serial digital photography of cell-seeded scaffolds and cell-free scaffolds three times a week for 28 days. All cell-seeded scaffolds were assessed for cell metabolic activity, mechanical properties, histology, and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The mean fibre diameters and pore sizes of PLA and PHBV scaffolds were 2.4±0.77, 0.85±0.21 μm (p<0.001), and 10.8±2.3, 4.3±1.1 μm (p<0.001), respectively. Oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes were tightly adhered and grew well on both surfaces of trilayer. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young's modulus (YM) of PLA samples were significantly lower than Euroskin (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively); only the UTS of the trilayer samples was slightly significantly lower (p<0.05). Metabolic activity was significantly increased for cells on all scaffolds, without significant differences between them from Day 0 to Day 28. There were no adverse effects of β-APN on cell viability. With respect to contraction, cells on trilayer and PHBV monolayers did not undergo any significant contraction; however, cells on PLA monolayer and Euroskin contracted 25.3% and 56.4%, respectively, over 28 days. The addition of 200 μg/ml β-APN significantly reduced contraction of Euroskin compared with the control (p<0.01); however, β-APN did not affect PLA contraction during this culture period (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a trilayer micro-nano-3D porous synthetic scaffold is suitable for oral keratinocyte and fibroblast growth with good cell viability and minimal contraction. This material also has good mechanical properties and histological analyses showed its ability to mimic normal human oral mucosal morphology. Furthermore, synthetic trilayer scaffolds have advantages over biological scaffolds - there is no risk of disease transmission or immunological rejection and they appear resistant to contraction. We suggest they present a good alternative to allodermis for future use in urethral reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmuttalip Simsek
- Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Department of Female and Reconstructive Urology, Sheffield; United Kingdom
- University of Sheffield, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sheffield; United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Bullock
- University of Sheffield, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sheffield; United Kingdom
| | - Sabi Roman
- University of Sheffield, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sheffield; United Kingdom
| | - Chirstoper R. Chapple
- Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Department of Female and Reconstructive Urology, Sheffield; United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- University of Sheffield, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sheffield; United Kingdom
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Williams R, Lace R, Kennedy S, Doherty K, Levis H. Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Approaches for the Anterior Segment of the Eye. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701328. [PMID: 29388397 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies to treat vision loss associated with damage to tissues in the anterior segment of the eye has been studied for several years. This has mostly involved replacement and support for the cornea and conjunctiva. These are complex tissues with specific functional requirements for different parts of the tissue. Amniotic membrane (AM) is used in clinical practice to transplant autologous or allogenic cells to the corneal surface. Fibrin gels have also progressed to clinical use under specific conditions. Alternatives to AM such as collagen gels, other natural materials, for example keratin and silks, and synthetic polymers have received considerable attention in laboratory and animal studies. This experience is building a body of evidence to demonstrate the potential of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in corneal and conjunctival reconstruction and can also lead to other applications in the anterior segment of the eye, for example, the trabecular meshwork. There is a real clinical need for new procedures to overcome vision loss but there are also opportunities for developments in ocular applications to lead to biomaterials innovations for use in other clinical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Williams
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Rebecca Lace
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Stephnie Kennedy
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Kyle Doherty
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Hannah Levis
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
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Prasopthum A, Shakesheff KM, Yang J. Direct three-dimensional printing of polymeric scaffolds with nanofibrous topography. Biofabrication 2018; 10:025002. [PMID: 29235445 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaa15b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a powerful manufacturing tool for making 3D structures with well-defined architectures for a wide range of applications. The field of tissue engineering has also adopted this technology to fabricate scaffolds for tissue regeneration. The ability to control architecture of scaffolds, e.g. matching anatomical shapes and having defined pore size, has since been improved significantly. However, the material surface of these scaffolds is smooth and does not resemble that found in natural extracellular matrix (ECM), in particular, the nanofibrous morphology of collagen. This natural nanoscale morphology plays a critical role in cell behaviour. Here, we have developed a new approach to directly fabricate polymeric scaffolds with an ECM-like nanofibrous topography and defined architectures using extrusion-based 3D printing. 3D printed tall scaffolds with interconnected pores were created with disparate features spanning from nanometres to centimetres. Our approach removes the need for a sacrificial mould and subsequent mould removal compared to previous methods. Moreover, the nanofibrous topography of the 3D printed scaffolds significantly enhanced protein absorption, cell adhesion and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells when compared to those with smooth material surfaces. These 3D printed scaffolds with both defined architectures and nanoscale ECM-mimicking morphologies have potential applications in cartilage and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Prasopthum
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Nagarajan S, Pochat-Bohatier C, Balme S, Miele P, Kalkura SN, Bechelany M. Electrospun fibers in regenerative tissue engineering and drug delivery. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractElectrospinning is a versatile technique to produce micron or nano sized fibers using synthetic or bio polymers. The unique structural characteristic of the electrospun mats (ESM) which mimics extracellular matrix (ECM) found influential in regenerative tissue engineering application. ESM with different morphologies or ESM functionalizing with specific growth factors creates a favorable microenvironment for the stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Fiber size, alignment and mechanical properties affect also the cell adhesion and gene expression. Hence, the effect of ESM physical properties on stem cell differentiation for neural, bone, cartilage, ocular and heart tissue regeneration will be reviewed and summarized. Electrospun fibers having high surface area to volume ratio present several advantages for drug/biomolecule delivery. Indeed, controlling the release of drugs/biomolecules is essential for sustained delivery application. Various possibilities to control the release of hydrophilic or hydrophobic drug from the ESM and different electrospinning methods such as emulsion electrospinning and coaxial electrospinning for drug/biomolecule loading are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Nagarajan
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, 600025 Chennai, India
| | - Céline Pochat-Bohatier
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sébastien Balme
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Philippe Miele
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Phone: +33467149167, Fax: +33467149119
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Gentile P, McColgan-Bannon K, Gianone NC, Sefat F, Dalgarno K, Ferreira AM. Biosynthetic PCL-graft-Collagen Bulk Material for Tissue Engineering Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E693. [PMID: 28773053 PMCID: PMC5551736 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetic materials have emerged as one of the most exciting and productive fields in polymer chemistry due to their widespread adoption and potential applications in tissue engineering (TE) research. In this work, we report the synthesis of a poly(ε-caprolactone)-graft-collagen (PCL-g-Coll) copolymer. We combine its good mechanical and biodegradable PCL properties with the great biological properties of type I collagen as a functional material for TE. PCL, previously dissolved in dimethylformamide/dichloromethane mixture, and reacted with collagen using carbodiimide coupling chemistry. The synthesised material was characterised physically, chemically and biologically, using pure PCL and PCL/Coll blend samples as control. Infrared spectroscopy evidenced the presence of amide I and II peaks for the conjugated material. Similarly, XPS evidenced the presence of C-N and N-C=O bonds (8.96 ± 2.02% and 8.52 ± 0.63%; respectively) for PCL-g-Coll. Static contact angles showed a slight decrease in the conjugated sample. However, good biocompatibility and metabolic activity was obtained on PCL-g-Coll films compared to PCL and blend controls. After 3 days of culture, fibroblasts exhibited a spindle-like morphology, spreading homogeneously along the PCL-g-Coll film surface. We have engineered a functional biosynthetic polymer that can be processed by electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Gentile
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Kegan McColgan-Bannon
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Nicolò Ceretto Gianone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy.
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Medical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Kenneth Dalgarno
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Ana Marina Ferreira
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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25
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Eberwein P, Reinhard T. [New biomaterials and alternative stem cell sources for the reconstruction of the limbal stem cell niche]. Ophthalmologe 2017; 114:318-326. [PMID: 28378048 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-017-0463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of the limbal stem cell niche in patients with limbal stem cell insufficiency remains one of the most challenging tasks in the treatment of ocular surface diseases. Ex vivo expansion of limbal stem cells still has potential for optimization despite positive reports in centers worldwide. New biomaterials as well as alternative cell sources for the reconstruction of the limbal stem cell niche have been published in recent years. The aim of this review is to provide insight into new biomaterials and cell sources which may find their way into clinical routine in the upcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eberwein
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Uniklinikum Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - T Reinhard
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Uniklinikum Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
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Salehi S, Czugala M, Stafiej P, Fathi M, Bahners T, Gutmann JS, Singer BB, Fuchsluger TA. Poly (glycerol sebacate)-poly (ε-caprolactone) blend nanofibrous scaffold as intrinsic bio- and immunocompatible system for corneal repair. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:370-380. [PMID: 28069498 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in corneal tissue engineering and lamellar corneal transplantation is to develop synthetic scaffolds able to simulate the optical and mechanical properties of the native cornea. As a carrier, the graft scaffolds should provide the basis for anchorage, repair and regeneration. Although quite a number of scaffolds have been engineered to date, they have not been able to simultaneously recapitulate chemical, mechanical, and structural properties of the corneal extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we examined different compositions of elastomeric biodegradable poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS)-poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds with respect to their cyto- and immunocompatibility. These scaffolds were semi-transparent with well-defined mechanical properties and direct positive effects on viability of human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) and human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCjEC). Moreover, within 3days HCEC established monolayers with the hexagonal morphology typical for this cell type. All PGS-PCL mixtures analyzed did not trigger effects in granulocytes, naïve and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). However, scaffolds with a higher content of PGS-PCL ratio showed the best cell organization, cyto- and immunocompatibility. Subsequently, this PGS-PCL composition could be used for further development of clinical constructs to support corneal tissue repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In corneal tissue engineering a major challenge is the development of synthetic scaffolds with similar properties to native cornea. In our recent works, we introduced the biodegradable, polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds with similar optical and mechanical properties for corneal regeneration and here we examined the cyto- and immunocompatibility of biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds in contact to white blood cells. Directing the alignment of human corneal cells by nanofibrous scaffolds and high viability of cells was detected by forming of endothelium monolayer with hexagonal morphology on the nanofibrous scaffold. In addition, our results for the first time show that these nanofibrous scaffolds did not trigger effects in white blood cells. These results highlight the considerable translational potential of the nanofibrous scaffolds to clinical applications.
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Abstract
: Worldwide, 45 million people are blind. Corneal blindness is a major cause of visual loss, estimated to affect 10 million. For the most difficult to treat patients, including those with a disease called limbal stem cell deficiency, a donor corneal graft is not a viable option; thus, patients are treated with specialized stem cell grafts, which fail in a significant proportion (30 to 50%) of subjects. This unacceptable failure rate means there is a pressing need to develop minimally invasive, long-lasting, cost-effective therapies to improve patient quality of life and lessen the economic burden. Restoring vision in patients with severe corneal disease is the main focus of our research program; however, to achieve our goals and deliver the best quality stem cell therapy, we must first understand the basic biology of these cells, including their residence, the factors that support their long-term existence, markers to identify and isolate them, and carriers that facilitate expansion, delivery, and protection during engraftment. We recently achieved some of these goals through the discovery of stem cell markers and the development of a novel and innovative contact lens-based cell transfer technique that has been successfully trialed on patients with corneal blindness. Although several popular methodologies are currently available to nurture and transfer stem cells to the patients' ocular surface, contact lenses provide many advantages that will be discussed in this review article. The job for clinician-researchers will be to map precisely how these cells contribute to restoring ocular health and whether improvements in the quality of cells and the cell delivery system can be developed to reduce disease burden.
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Yeung AM, Faraj LA, McIntosh OD, Dhillon VK, Dua HS. Fibrin glue inhibits migration of ocular surface epithelial cells. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:1389-1394. [PMID: 27367746 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeFibrin glue has been used successfully in numerous ophthalmic surgical procedures. Recently, fibrin glue has been used in limbal stem cell transplantation to reduce both operative time and to negate the need for sutures. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fibrin glue on epithelial cell migration in vitro.MethodsCorneoscleral rims were split to retain the epithelial layer, Bowman's layer, and anterior stroma. Rims were cut into eight equal-sized pieces and were placed directly on culture plates or affixed with fibrin glue. Rims were maintained in culture for 25 days and epithelial cell growth was monitored. Cells were photographed to measure area or growth and immunofluorescence staining of explants for fibrin was performed.ResultsExplants that were glued demonstrated significantly delayed epithelial cell growth and migration as compared with explants without glue. By day 16, all fibrin glue had dissolved and coincided with onset of cell growth from glued explants. Cell growth commenced between days 3 and 4 for control explants without glue and around days 14-16 for explants with fibrin glue.ConclusionsFibrin glue delays epithelial cell migration by acting as a physical barrier and can potentially interfere with explant-derived limbal epithelial cell migration on to the corneal surface. We propose that glue should be used to attach the conjunctival frill of the limbal explant but care should be taken to ensure that the glue does not wrap around the explant if used to secure the explant as well. Strategic use of glue, to attach the recessed conjunctiva, can be advantageous in delaying conjunctival cell migration and reducing the need for sequential sector conjunctival epitheliectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Yeung
- Larry A Donoso Laboratory for Eye Research, Section of Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - L A Faraj
- Larry A Donoso Laboratory for Eye Research, Section of Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - O D McIntosh
- Larry A Donoso Laboratory for Eye Research, Section of Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - V K Dhillon
- Larry A Donoso Laboratory for Eye Research, Section of Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H S Dua
- Larry A Donoso Laboratory for Eye Research, Section of Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Storm MP, Sorrell I, Shipley R, Regan S, Luetchford KA, Sathish J, Webb S, Ellis MJ. Hollow Fiber Bioreactors for In Vivo-like Mammalian Tissue Culture. J Vis Exp 2016:53431. [PMID: 27285826 PMCID: PMC4927741 DOI: 10.3791/53431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue culture has been used for over 100 years to study cells and responses ex vivo. The convention of this technique is the growth of anchorage dependent cells on the 2-dimensional surface of tissue culture plastic. More recently, there is a growing body of data demonstrating more in vivo-like behaviors of cells grown in 3-dimensional culture systems. This manuscript describes in detail the set-up and operation of a hollow fiber bioreactor system for the in vivo-like culture of mammalian cells. The hollow fiber bioreactor system delivers media to the cells in a manner akin to the delivery of blood through the capillary networks in vivo. The system is designed to fit onto the shelf of a standard CO2 incubator and is simple enough to be set-up by any competent cell biologist with a good understanding of aseptic technique. The systems utility is demonstrated by culturing the hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2/C3A for 7 days. Further to this and in line with other published reports on the functionality of cells grown in 3-dimensional culture systems the cells are shown to possess increased albumin production (an important hepatic function) when compared to standard 2-dimensional tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Storm
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath;
| | - Ian Sorrell
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool
| | | | - Sophie Regan
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool
| | - Kim A Luetchford
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath
| | - Jean Sathish
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool
| | - Steven Webb
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University
| | - Marianne J Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath
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An Ultra-thin Amniotic Membrane as Carrier in Corneal Epithelium Tissue-Engineering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21021. [PMID: 26876685 PMCID: PMC4753477 DOI: 10.1038/srep21021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic membranes (AMs) are widely used as a corneal epithelial tissue carrier in reconstruction surgery. However, the engineered tissue transparency is low due to the translucent thick underlying AM stroma. To overcome this drawback, we developed an ultra-thin AM (UAM) by using collagenase IV to strip away from the epithelial denuded AM (DAM) some of the stroma. By thinning the stroma to about 30 μm, its moist and dry forms were rendered acellular, optically clear and its collagen framework became compacted and inerratic. Engineered rabbit corneal epithelial cell (RCEC) sheets generated through expansion of limbal epithelial cells on UAM were more transparent and thicker than those expanded on DAM. Moreover, ΔNp63 and ABCG2 gene expression was greater in tissue engineered cell sheets expanded on UAM than on DAM. Furthermore, 2 weeks after surgery, the cornea grafted with UAM based cell sheets showed higher transparency and more stratified epithelium than the cornea grafted with DAM based cell sheets. Taken together, tissue engineered corneal epithelium generated on UAM has a preferable outcome because the transplanted tissue is more transparent and better resembles the phenotype of the native tissue than that obtained by using DAM for this procedure. UAM preserves compact layer of the amniotic membrane and maybe an ideal substrate for corneal epithelial tissue engineering.
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Potential of Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical and Dental Applications. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9020073. [PMID: 28787871 PMCID: PMC5456492 DOI: 10.3390/ma9020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile technique that has gained popularity for various biomedical applications in recent years. Electrospinning is being used for fabricating nanofibers for various biomedical and dental applications such as tooth regeneration, wound healing and prevention of dental caries. Electrospun materials have the benefits of unique properties for instance, high surface area to volume ratio, enhanced cellular interactions, protein absorption to facilitate binding sites for cell receptors. Extensive research has been conducted to explore the potential of electrospun nanofibers for repair and regeneration of various dental and oral tissues including dental pulp, dentin, periodontal tissues, oral mucosa and skeletal tissues. However, there are a few limitations of electrospinning hindering the progress of these materials to practical or clinical applications. In terms of biomaterials aspects, the better understanding of controlled fabrication, properties and functioning of electrospun materials is required to overcome the limitations. More in vivo studies are definitely required to evaluate the biocompatibility of electrospun scaffolds. Furthermore, mechanical properties of such scaffolds should be enhanced so that they resist mechanical stresses during tissue regeneration applications. The objective of this article is to review the current progress of electrospun nanofibers for biomedical and dental applications. In addition, various aspects of electrospun materials in relation to potential dental applications have been discussed.
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Kim SE, Shim KM, Kang SS. Evaluation of short-term ex vivo culture with air/liquid system of porcine cornea. J Biomed Res 2015. [DOI: 10.12729/jbr.2015.16.3.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Baradaran-Rafii A, Biazar E, Heidari-keshel S. Cellular Response of Limbal Stem Cells on Polycaprolactone Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Ocular Epithelial Regeneration. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:326-33. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1019004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bobba S, Chow S, Watson S, Di Girolamo N. Clinical outcomes of xeno-free expansion and transplantation of autologous ocular surface epithelial stem cells via contact lens delivery: a prospective case series. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:23. [PMID: 25889475 PMCID: PMC4396082 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Depletion of limbal stem cells leads to a debilitating condition known as limbal stem cell deficiency, characterised by impaired corneal wound healing and poor vision. The aim of this study was to determine whether delivering progenitor cells on a contact lens is a viable and effective alternative to current transplantation techniques, which are complicated by biological and xenogeneic materials. Methods Sixteen eyes of 16 patients who had total (n = 14) and partial (n = 2) limbal stem cell deficiency (chemical burns, five eyes; iatrogenic causes, four eyes; aniridia, three eyes; trachoma-induced, two eyes; contact lens over-wear, one eye; and cicatrising conjunctivitis, one eye) and who had failed prior therapy were recruited prospectively into the study. Autologous limbal (n = 7) or conjunctival epithelial (n = 9) biopsies were harvested from patients and placed on the concave surface of silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Cells were expanded in culture with autologous serum and transplanted onto the ocular surface. Results Restoration of a transparent avascular and clinically stable corneal epithelium was attained in 10 of 16 eyes (63%) at a median follow-up time of 2.5 years (range of 0.8 to 5.8 years). Although minor complications occurred in two eyes of two patients because of contact lens insertion or removal, these were not associated with long-term sequelae. Conclusions This is the first and largest study to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of autologous limbal/conjunctival stem cell transplantation via a US Food and Drug Administration-approved contact lens, demonstrating that delivery of ocular progenitor cells via this procedure offers a viable, effective, and xeno-free alternative to current transplantation methodologies. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012607000211460. Registered 17 April 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bobba
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, Sydney, 2052, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Sharron Chow
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Watson
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, 2000, Australia. .,Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, 2000, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Nick Di Girolamo
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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Deshpande P, Ortega Í, Sefat F, Sangwan VS, Green N, Claeyssens F, MacNeil S. Rocking media over ex vivo corneas improves this model and allows the study of the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on wound healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:1553-61. [PMID: 25655804 PMCID: PMC4349110 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to develop an in vitro cornea model to study the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on wound healing. METHODS Initial studies investigated how to maintain the ex vivo models for up to 4 weeks without loss of epithelium. To study the effect of cytokines, corneas were cultured with the interleukins IL-17A, IL-22, or a combination of IL-17A and IL-22, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effect of IL-17A on wound healing was then examined. RESULTS With static culture conditions, organ cultures deteriorated within 2 weeks. With gentle rocking of media over the corneas and carbon dioxide perfusion, the ex vivo models survived for up to 4 weeks without loss of epithelium. The cytokine that caused the most damage to the cornea was IL-17A. Under static conditions, wound healing of the central corneal epithelium occurred within 9 days, but only a single-layered epithelium formed whether the cornea was exposed to IL-17A or not. With rocking of media gently over the corneas, a multilayered epithelium was achieved 9 days after wounding. In the presence of IL-17A, however, there was no wound healing evident. Characterization of the cells showed that wherever epithelium was present, both differentiated cells and highly proliferative cells were present. CONCLUSIONS We propose that introducing rocking to extend the effective working life of this model and the introduction of IL-17A to this model to induce aspects of inflammation extend its usefulness to study the effects of agents that influence corneal regeneration under normal and inflamed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Deshpande
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ílida Ortega
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Virender S. Sangwan
- Sudhakar and Sreekanth Ravi Stem Cell Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, LV Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nicola Green
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Science and Art of Cell-Based Ocular Surface Regeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 319:45-106. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fuchsluger T, Salehi S, Petsch C, Bachmann B. Neue Möglichkeiten der Augenoberflächenrekonstruktion. Ophthalmologe 2014; 111:1019-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00347-013-3010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ramachandran C, Basu S, Sangwan VS, Balasubramanian D. Concise review: the coming of age of stem cell treatment for corneal surface damage. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1160-8. [PMID: 25205842 PMCID: PMC4181400 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cornea is a vital component of the eye because it provides approximately 70% of the refraction and focusing of incoming light. Being the outermost surface of the eye, it faces continuous stress from dryness, photodamage, infection, and injury; however, like the skin, the cornea regularly refreshes itself by shedding its epithelial cells, which are readily replaced, keeping the ocular surface stable and functional. This regular turnover of the corneal epithelial cells occurs through the stem cells in the limbus, an annular ring of a tissue surrounding the cornea, separating it from the sclera and the conjunctival membrane. The loss of this reserve of stem cells leads to a condition called limbal stem cell deficiency. Treatment for this disorder has evolved from transplanting whole limbal tissues to the affected eye to transplanting laboratory cultured limbal cells. This procedure is called cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET). Since its start in 1997, more than 1,000 CLET procedures have been reported from around the world, with varying degrees of success. In this paper, we compare the methods of cultivation and the outcomes and discuss some problem areas, use of other cells as substitutes for limbal epithelium, and various carrier materials used in transplantation. Our analysis suggests that CLET as a treatment for corneal surface damage has come of age. We also highlight a simpler procedure (simple limbal epithelial transplantation) that involves cultivation of limbal tissue in situ on the surface of the cornea in vivo and that has outcomes comparable to CLET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanya Ramachandran
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Virender S Sangwan
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dorairajan Balasubramanian
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Ortega I, Sefat F, Deshpande P, Paterson T, Ramachandran C, Ryan AJ, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F. Combination of microstereolithography and electrospinning to produce membranes equipped with niches for corneal regeneration. J Vis Exp 2014:51826. [PMID: 25285843 PMCID: PMC4828067 DOI: 10.3791/51826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal problems affect millions of people worldwide reducing their quality of life significantly. Corneal disease can be caused by illnesses such as Aniridia or Steven Johnson Syndrome as well as by external factors such as chemical burns or radiation. Current treatments are (i) the use of corneal grafts and (ii) the use of stem cell expanded in the laboratory and delivered on carriers (e.g., amniotic membrane); these treatments are relatively successful but unfortunately they can fail after 3-5 years. There is a need to design and manufacture new corneal biomaterial devices able to mimic in detail the physiological environment where stem cells reside in the cornea. Limbal stem cells are located in the limbus (circular area between cornea and sclera) in specific niches known as the Palisades of Vogt. In this work we have developed a new platform technology which combines two cutting-edge manufacturing techniques (microstereolithography and electrospinning) for the fabrication of corneal membranes that mimic to a certain extent the limbus. Our membranes contain artificial micropockets which aim to provide cells with protection as the Palisades of Vogt do in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilida Ortega
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield;
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield
| | - Pallavi Deshpande
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield
| | - Thomas Paterson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield
| | | | | | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield
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Vellonen KS, Malinen M, Mannermaa E, Subrizi A, Toropainen E, Lou YR, Kidron H, Yliperttula M, Urtti A. A critical assessment of in vitro tissue models for ADME and drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 190:94-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sangwan VS, Jain R, Basu S, Bagadi AB, Sureka S, Mariappan I, Macneil S. Transforming ocular surface stem cell research into successful clinical practice. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014; 62:29-40. [PMID: 24492499 PMCID: PMC3955067 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.126173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has only been a quarter of a century since the discovery of adult stem cells at the human corneo-scleral limbus. These limbal stem cells are responsible for generating a constant and unending supply of corneal epithelial cells throughout life, thus maintaining a stable and uniformly refractive corneal surface. Establishing this hitherto unknown association between ocular surface disease and limbal dysfunction helped usher in therapeutic approaches that successfully addressed blinding conditions such as ocular burns, which were previously considered incurable. Subsequent advances in ocular surface biology through basic science research have translated into innovations that have made the surgical technique of limbal stem cell transplantation simpler and more predictable. This review recapitulates the basic biology of the limbus and the rationale and principles of limbal stem cell transplantation in ocular surface disease. An evidence-based algorithm is presented, which is tailored to clinical considerations such as laterality of affliction, severity of limbal damage and concurrent need for other procedures. Additionally, novel findings in the form of factors influencing the survival and function of limbal stem cells after transplantation and the possibility of substituting limbal cells with epithelial stem cells of other lineages is also discussed. Finally this review focuses on the future directions in which both basic science and clinical research in this field is headed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender S Sangwan
- Clinical Trial Center, Dr. Paul Dubord Chair in Cornea, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Hassan E, Deshpande P, Claeyssens F, Rimmer S, MacNeil S. Amine functional hydrogels as selective substrates for corneal epithelialization. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3029-37. [PMID: 24607855 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a synthetic hydrogel to act as a corneal substitute capable of selectively supporting the adhesion and proliferation of limbal epithelial cells (LECs) while inhibiting growth of limbal fibroblasts. Deficiency of LECs causes conjunctival epithelial cells to move over the cornea, producing a thick scar pannus. Unilateral defects can be treated using LEC cultured from the unaffected eye, transplanting them to the affected cornea after scar tissue is removed. The underlying wound bed is often damaged, however, hence the need to develop a corneal inlay to aid in corneal re-epithelialization. Transparent epoxy-functional polymethacrylate networks were synthesized using a combination of glycerol monomethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, lauryl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate that produced two different bulk hydrogel compositions with different equilibrium water contents (EWCs): Base 1 and Base 2, EWC=55% and 35%, respectively. Two sets of amine-functional hydrogels were produced following reaction of the epoxide groups with excesses of either ammonia, 1,2-diamino ethane, 1,3-diamino propane, 1,4-diamino butane or 1,6-diamino hexane. Neither series of hydrogels supported the proliferation of limbal fibroblasts irrespective of amine functionalization but they both supported the adhesion and proliferation of limbal epithelial cells, particularly when functionalized with 1,4-diamino butane. With Base 1 hydrogels (less so with Base 2) a vigorous epithelial outgrowth was seen from small limbal explants and a confluent epithelial layer was achieved in vitro within 6days. The data support the development of hydrogels specific for epithelial formation.
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Sharma MK, MacNeil S. Response to letter to the editor: 'construction of skin substitutes using minced split-thickness autografts and biodegradable synthetic scaffolds'. Burns 2014; 40:1233-4. [PMID: 24630821 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miss Kavita Sharma
- The Kroto Institute, University of Sheffield, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ United Kingdom.
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- The Kroto Institute, University of Sheffield, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ United Kingdom
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Salehi S, Bahners T, Gutmann JS, Gao SL, Mäder E, Fuchsluger TA. Characterization of structural, mechanical and nano-mechanical properties of electrospun PGS/PCL fibers. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01237b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and mechanical properties of aligned PGS/PCL nanofibers for cornea tissue engineering are studied and compared to natural corneal stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Salehi
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH
- 47798 Krefeld, Germany
- Augenklinik
- Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
| | - T. Bahners
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH
- 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - J. S. Gutmann
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH
- 47798 Krefeld, Germany
- Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Duisburg-Essen
- 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - S.-L. Gao
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung e.V
- D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - E. Mäder
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung e.V
- D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - T. A. Fuchsluger
- Augenklinik
- Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität
- 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ortega I, McKean R, Ryan AJ, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F. Characterisation and evaluation of the impact of microfabricated pockets on the performance of limbal epithelial stem cells in biodegradable PLGA membranes for corneal regeneration. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:723-734. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60268k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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