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Nepal S, Si J, Ishikawa S, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y, Akimoto AM, Okada H, Ohba S, Chung UI, Sakai T, Hojo H. Injectable phase-separated tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel scaffold allows sustained release of growth factors to enhance the repair of critical bone defects. Regen Ther 2024; 25:24-34. [PMID: 38108043 PMCID: PMC10724494 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of bone-related injuries, it is crucial to improve treatments for fractures and defects. Tissue engineering offers a promising solution in the form of injectable hydrogel scaffolds that can sustain the release of growth factors like bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for bone repair. Recently, we discovered that tetra-PEG hydrogels (Tetra gels) undergo gel-gel phase separation (GGPS) at low polymer content, resulting in hydrophobicity and tissue affinity. In this work, we examined the potential of a newer class of gel, the oligo-tetra-PEG gel (Oligo gel), as a growth factor-releasing scaffold. We investigated the extent of GGPS occurring in the two gels and assessed their ability to sustain BMP-2 release and osteogenic potential in a mouse calvarial defect model. The Oligo gel underwent a greater degree of GGPS than the Tetra gel, exhibiting higher turbidity, hydrophobicity, and pore formation. The Oligo gel demonstrated sustained protein or growth factor release over a 21-day period from protein release kinetics and osteogenic cell differentiation studies. Finally, BMP-2-loaded Oligo gels achieved complete regeneration of critical-sized calvarial defects within 28 days, significantly outperforming Tetra gels. The easy formulation, injectability, and capacity for sustained release makes the Oligo gel a promising candidate therapeutic biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant Nepal
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jinyan Si
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shohei Ishikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Aya M. Akimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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2
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Ikeda Y, Tani S, Moriishi T, Kuroda A, Matsuo Y, Saeki N, Inui-Yamamoto C, Abe M, Maeda T, Rowe DW, Chung UI, Hojo H, Matsushita Y, Sawase T, Ohba S. Modeling of intramembranous ossification using human pluripotent stem cell-derived paraxial mesoderm derivatives. Regen Ther 2023; 24:536-546. [PMID: 37860130 PMCID: PMC10582276 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates form their skeletal tissues from three distinct origins (the neural crest, paraxial mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm) through two distinct modes of ossification (intramembranous and endochondral ossification). Since the paraxial mesoderm generates both intramembranous and endochondral bones, it is thought to give rise to both osteoprogenitors and osteo-chondroprogenitors. However, it remains unclear what directs the paraxial mesoderm-derived cells toward these different fates in distinct skeletal elements during human skeletal development. To answer this question, we need experimental systems that recapitulate paraxial mesoderm-mediated intramembranous and endochondral ossification processes. In this study, we aimed to develop a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based system that models the human intramembranous ossification process. We found that spheroid culture of the hPSC-derived paraxial mesoderm derivatives generates osteoprogenitors or osteo-chondroprogenitors depending on stimuli. The former induced intramembranous ossification, and the latter endochondral ossification, in mouse renal capsules. Transcriptional profiling supported the notion that bone signatures were enriched in the intramembranous bone-like tissues. Thus, we developed a system that recapitulates intramembranous ossification, and that enables the induction of two distinct modes of ossification by controlling the cell fate of the hPSC-derived paraxial mesoderm derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ikeda
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tani
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Moriishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Aiko Kuroda
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuo
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Naoya Saeki
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chizuko Inui-Yamamoto
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Abe
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Maeda
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - David W. Rowe
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Pandimeena G, Mathavan T, Samuel EJJ, Benial AMF. Conformational, spectroscopic, electronic and Molecular docking Studies on 2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-nitropyridine: A potential bioactive agent. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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4
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On the horizon: Hedgehog signaling to heal broken bones. Bone Res 2022; 10:13. [PMID: 35165260 PMCID: PMC8844053 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the molecular pathways that drive skeletal repair has been an ongoing challenge. Initial efforts have relied on in vitro assays to identify the key signaling pathways that drive cartilage and bone differentiation. While these assays can provide some clues, assessing specific pathways in animal models is critical. Furthermore, definitive proof that a pathway is required for skeletal repair is best provided using genetic tests. Stimulating the Hh (Hedgehog) pathway can promote cartilage and bone differentiation in cell culture assays. In addition, the application of HH protein or various pathway agonists in vivo has a positive influence on bone healing. Until recently, however, genetic proof that the Hh pathway is involved in bone repair has been lacking. Here, we consider both in vitro and in vivo studies that examine the role of Hh in repair and discuss some of the challenges inherent in their interpretation. We also identify needed areas of study considering a new appreciation for the role of cartilage during repair, the variety of cell types that may have differing roles in repair, and the recent availability of powerful lineage tracing techniques. We are optimistic that emerging genetic tools will make it possible to precisely define when and in which cells promoting Hh signaling can best promote skeletal repair, and thus, the clinical potential for targeting the Hh pathway can be realized.
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5
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Zhou H, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhu CH, Chen FM, Li A. Research progress on the hedgehog signalling pathway in regulating bone formation and homeostasis. Cell Prolif 2021; 55:e13162. [PMID: 34918401 PMCID: PMC8780935 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation is a complex regeneration process that was regulated by many signalling pathways, such as Wnt, Notch, BMP and Hedgehog (Hh). All of these signalling have been demonstrated to participate in the bone repair process. In particular, one promising signalling pathway involved in bone formation and homeostasis is the Hh pathway. According to present knowledge, Hh signalling plays a vital role in the development of various tissues and organs in the embryo. In adults, the dysregulation of Hh signalling has been verified to be involved in bone‐related diseases in terms of osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and bone fracture; and during the repair processes, Hh signalling could be reactivated and further modulate bone formation. In this chapter, we summarize our current understanding on the function of Hh signalling in bone formation and homeostasis. Additionally, the current therapeutic strategies targeting this cascade to coordinate and mediate the osteogenesis process have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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6
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Barajaa MA, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Bioinspired Scaffold Designs for Regenerating Musculoskeletal Tissue Interfaces. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 6:451-483. [PMID: 33344758 PMCID: PMC7747886 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system works at a very advanced level of synchrony, where all the physiological movements of the body are systematically performed through well-organized actions of bone in conjunction with all the other musculoskeletal soft tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, muscles, and cartilage through tissue-tissue interfaces. Interfaces are structurally and compositionally complex, consisting of gradients of extracellular matrix components, cell phenotypes as well as biochemical compositions and are important in mediating load transfer between the distinct orthopedic tissues during body movement. When an injury occurs at interface, it must be re-established to restore its function and stability. Due to the structural and compositional complexity found in interfaces, it is anticipated that they presuppose a concomitant increase in the complexity of the associated regenerative engineering approaches and scaffold designs to achieve successful interface regeneration and seamless integration of the engineered orthopedic tissues. Herein, we discuss the various bioinspired scaffold designs utilized to regenerate orthopedic tissue interfaces. First, we start with discussing the structure-function relationship at the interface. We then discuss the current understanding of the mechanism underlying interface regeneration, followed by discussing the current treatment available in the clinic to treat interface injuries. Lastly, we comprehensively discuss the state-of-the-art scaffold designs utilized to regenerate orthopedic tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Barajaa
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical & Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical & Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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7
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Zujur D, Kanke K, Onodera S, Tani S, Lai J, Azuma T, Xin X, Lichtler AC, Rowe DW, Saito T, Tanaka S, Masaki H, Nakauchi H, Chung UI, Hojo H, Ohba S. Stepwise strategy for generating osteoblasts from human pluripotent stem cells under fully defined xeno-free conditions with small-molecule inducers. Regen Ther 2020; 14:19-31. [PMID: 31988991 PMCID: PMC6965656 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically relevant human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derivatives require efficient protocols to differentiate hiPSCs into specific lineages. Here we developed a fully defined xeno-free strategy to direct hiPSCs toward osteoblasts within 21 days. The strategy successfully achieved the osteogenic induction of four independently derived hiPSC lines by a sequential use of combinations of small-molecule inducers. The induction first generated mesodermal cells, which subsequently recapitulated the developmental expression pattern of major osteoblast genes and proteins. Importantly, Col2.3-Cherry hiPSCs subjected to this strategy strongly expressed the cherry fluorescence that has been observed in bone-forming osteoblasts in vivo. Moreover, the protocol combined with a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold was suitable for the generation of a xeno-free 3D osteogenic system. Thus, our strategy offers a platform with significant advantages for bone biology studies and it will also contribute to clinical applications of hiPSCs to skeletal regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Zujur
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kanke
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tani
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jenny Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Azuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaonan Xin
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alexander C Lichtler
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - David W Rowe
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Bryndal I, Lorenc J, Macalik L, Michalski J, Sąsiadek W, Lis T, Hanuza J. Crystal structure, vibrational and optic properties of 2-N-methylamino-3-methylpyridine N-oxide - Its X-ray and spectroscopic studies as well as DFT quantum chemical calculations. J Mol Struct 2019; 1195:208-219. [PMID: 32336784 PMCID: PMC7173143 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure and physicochemical properties of 2-N-methylamino-3-methylpyridine N-oxide (MA3MPO) have been studied. MA3MPO was synthesized from 2-amino-3-methylpyridine by several steps to form colorless crystals suitable for crystallographic analysis. The data reveal that MA3MPO crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. The studied compound contains a nearly flat triply substituted pyridine skeleton whose structure is stabilized by an intramolecular N–H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond. The N-oxide molecules are connected together by weak C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, an acceptor of which is the oxygen atom from the N-oxide group. This leads to creation of two-dimensional network of hydrogen bonds. Its IR, Raman, UV–Vis and luminescence spectra have been measured and analyzed on the basis of DFT and NBO quantum chemical calculations in which the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) approach was applied. The distribution of the electron levels in the studied compound has been analyzed in terms of the possibility of its participation in the ligand-to-lanthanide ion energy transfer. The 2-N-methylamino-3-methylpyridine N-oxide (MA3MPO) was synthesized and characterized. The studied compound structure is stabilized by an intramolecular N–H⋯O hydrogen bond. The molecules are connected together by weak C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The amino group plays the role of effective hydrogen-bond donor but the N-oxide group is a hydrogen-bond acceptor. X-ray, IR, Raman and DFT methods recognized the existence of the intramolecular N–H⋯O hydrogen bond in the studied compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bryndal
- Department of Drugs Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - J Lorenc
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wrocław University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - L Macalik
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422, Wrocław, Poland
| | - J Michalski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wrocław University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - W Sąsiadek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wrocław University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - T Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie Street 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - J Hanuza
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422, Wrocław, Poland
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9
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Amano H, Iwaki F, Oki M, Aoki K, Ohba S. An osteogenic helioxanthin derivative suppresses the formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Regen Ther 2019; 11:290-296. [PMID: 31667208 PMCID: PMC6813560 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The helioxanthin derivative 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)thieno[2,3-b:5,4-c′]dipyridine-2-carboxamide (TH) is a low-molecular-weight compound that was identified through screening for osteogenic compounds that enhance the activity of mouse preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we found that TH suppressed osteoclast differentiation. Methods Using the hematopoietic stem cells of ddY mice, TH was added to the culture in the experimental group, and the number of osteoclasts was measured with rhodamine phalloidin staining and TRAP staining. In osteo assay, bone resorption area was compared by the von Kossa staining. Results Specifically, TH inhibited the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-degrading activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE), promoted nitric oxide (NO) production, and dose-dependently suppressed osteoclast differentiation in an osteoclast formation culture of mouse bone marrow cells. The NO-competitive guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) attenuated the suppressive activity of TH on osteoclast differentiation. Conclusion: Given the previously reported suppressive action of cGMP on osteoclastogenesis, our data suggest that TH negatively impacts osteoclast differentiation at least to some extent by stimulating NO production and inhibiting PDE activity, both of which lead to the upregulation of intracellular cGMP. This study supports the potential use of TH as a novel antiosteoporotic reagent that not only stimulates bone formation but also inhibits bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Amano
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, 5-7-1, Koujidai Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2273, Japan
| | - Meiko Oki
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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10
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Jeong J, Kim JH, Shim JH, Hwang NS, Heo CY. Bioactive calcium phosphate materials and applications in bone regeneration. Biomater Res 2019; 23:4. [PMID: 30675377 PMCID: PMC6332599 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone regeneration involves various complex biological processes. Many experiments have been performed using biomaterials in vivo and in vitro to promote and understand bone regeneration. Among the many biomaterials, calcium phosphates which exist in the natural bone have been conducted a number of studies because of its bone regenerative property. It can be directly contributed to bone regeneration process or assist in the use of other biomaterials. Therefore, it is widely used in many applications and has been continuously studied. MAINBODY Calcium phosphate has been widely used in bone regeneration applications because it shows osteoconductive and in some cases osteoinductive features. The release of calcium and phosphorus ions regulates the activation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to facilitate bone regeneration. The control of surface properties and porosity of calcium phosphate affects cell/protein adhesion and growth and regulates bone mineral formation. Properties affecting bioactivity vary depending on the types of calcium phosphates such as HAP, TCP and can be utilized in various applications because of differences in ion release, solubility, stability, and mechanical strength. In order to make use of these properties, different calcium phosphates have been used together or mixed with other materials to complement their disadvantages and to highlight their advantages. Calcium phosphate has been utilized to improve bone regeneration in ways such as increasing osteoconductivity for bone ingrowth, enhancing osteoinductivity for bone mineralization with ion release control, and encapsulating drugs or growth factors. CONCLUSION Calcium phosphate has been used for bone regeneration in various forms such as coating, cement and scaffold based on its unique bioactive properties and bone regeneration effectiveness. Additionally, several studies have been actively carried out to improve the efficacy of calcium phosphate in combination with various healing agents. By summarizing the properties of calcium phosphate and its research direction, we hope that calcium phosphate can contribute to the clinical treatment approach for bone defect and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Shim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
- N-Bio/BioMAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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11
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Shi R, Huang Y, Ma C, Wu C, Tian W. Current advances for bone regeneration based on tissue engineering strategies. Front Med 2018; 13:160-188. [PMID: 30047029 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a rapidly developing strategy for repairing critical-sized bone defects to address the unmet need for bone augmentation and skeletal repair. Effective therapies for bone regeneration primarily require the coordinated combination of innovative scaffolds, seed cells, and biological factors. However, current techniques in bone tissue engineering have not yet reached valid translation into clinical applications because of several limitations, such as weaker osteogenic differentiation, inadequate vascularization of scaffolds, and inefficient growth factor delivery. Therefore, further standardized protocols and innovative measures are required to overcome these shortcomings and facilitate the clinical application of these techniques to enhance bone regeneration. Given the deficiency of comprehensive studies in the development in BTE, our review systematically introduces the new types of biomimetic and bifunctional scaffolds. We describe the cell sources, biology of seed cells, growth factors, vascular development, and the interactions of relevant molecules. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and perspectives that may propel the direction of future clinical delivery in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Yuelong Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Chengai Wu
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China. .,Department of Spine Surgery of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, 100035, China.
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12
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Fujii Y, Kawase-Koga Y, Hojo H, Yano F, Sato M, Chung UI, Ohba S, Chikazu D. Bone regeneration by human dental pulp stem cells using a helioxanthin derivative and cell-sheet technology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:24. [PMID: 29391049 PMCID: PMC5796442 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which have the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages, were recently identified. DPSCs can be collected readily from extracted teeth and are now considered to be a type of mesenchymal stem cell with higher clonogenic and proliferative potential than bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Meanwhile, the treatment of severe bone defects, such as fractures, cancers, and congenital abnormalities, remains a great challenge, and novel bone regenerative techniques are highly anticipated. Several studies have previously shown that 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[40,30:4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (TH), a helioxanthin derivative, induces osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblastic and mesenchymal cells. However, the osteogenic differentiation activities of TH have only been confirmed in some mouse cell lines. Therefore, in this study, toward the clinical use of TH in humans, we analyzed the effect of TH on the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs, and the in-vivo osteogenesis ability of TH-induced DPSCs, taking advantage of the simple transplantation system using cell-sheet technology. METHODS DPSCs were obtained from dental pulp of the wisdom teeth of five healthy patients (18-22 years old) and cultured in regular medium and osteogenic medium with or without TH. To evaluate osteogenesis of TH-induced DPSCs in vivo, we transplanted DPSC sheets into mouse calvaria defects. RESULTS We demonstrated that osteogenic conditions with TH induce the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs more efficiently than those without TH and those with bone morphogenetic protein-2. However, regular medium with TH did not induce the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. TH induced osteogenesis in both DPSCs and BMSCs, although the gene expression pattern in DPSCs differed from that in BMSCs up to 14 days after induction with TH. Furthermore, we succeeded in bone regeneration in vivo using DPSC sheets with TH treatment, without using any scaffolds or growth factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that TH-induced DPSCs are a useful cell source for bone regenerative medicine, and the transplantation of DPSC sheets treated with TH is a convenient scaffold-free method of bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Fujii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawase-Koga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Marika Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Daichi Chikazu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonhealing bone defects represent an immense biomedical burden. Despite recent advances in protein-based bone regeneration, safety concerns over bone morphogenetic protein-2 have prompted the search for alternative factors. Previously, the authors examined the additive/synergistic effects of hedgehog and Nel-like protein-1 (NELL-1) on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. In this study, the authors sought to leverage their previous findings by applying the combination of Smoothened agonist (SAG), hedgehog signal activator, and NELL-1 to an in vivo critical-size bone defect model. METHODS A 4-mm parietal bone defect was created in mixed-gender CD-1 mice. Treatment groups included control (n = 6), SAG (n = 7), NELL-1 (n = 7), and SAG plus NELL-1 (n = 7). A custom fabricated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) disk with hydroxyapatite coating was used as an osteoinductive scaffold. RESULTS Results at 4 and 8 weeks showed increased bone formation by micro-computed tomographic analyses with either stimulus alone (SAG or NELL-1), but significantly greater bone formation with both components combined (SAG plus NELL-1). This included greater bone healing scores and increased bone volume and bone thickness. Histologic analyses confirmed a significant increase in new bone formation with the combination therapy SAG plus NELL-1, accompanied by increased defect vascularization. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the authors' results suggest that combining the hedgehog signaling agonist SAG and NELL-1 has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for the healing of critical-size bone defects. Future directions will include optimization of dosage and delivery strategy for an SAG and NELL-1 combination product.
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14
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Eliaz N, Metoki N. Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: A Review of Their History, Structure, Properties, Coating Technologies and Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E334. [PMID: 28772697 PMCID: PMC5506916 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics are widely used in the field of bone regeneration, both in orthopedics and in dentistry, due to their good biocompatibility, osseointegration and osteoconduction. The aim of this article is to review the history, structure, properties and clinical applications of these materials, whether they are in the form of bone cements, paste, scaffolds, or coatings. Major analytical techniques for characterization of CaPs, in vitro and in vivo tests, and the requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and international standards from CaP coatings on orthopedic and dental endosseous implants, are also summarized, along with the possible effect of sterilization on these materials. CaP coating technologies are summarized, with a focus on electrochemical processes. Theories on the formation of transient precursor phases in biomineralization, the dissolution and reprecipitation as bone of CaPs are discussed. A wide variety of CaPs are presented, from the individual phases to nano-CaP, biphasic and triphasic CaP formulations, composite CaP coatings and cements, functionally graded materials (FGMs), and antibacterial CaPs. We conclude by foreseeing the future of CaPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Eliaz
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Noah Metoki
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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15
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Lee S, Shen J, Pan HC, Shrestha S, Asatrian G, Nguyen A, Meyers C, Nguyen V, Lee M, Soo C, Ting K, James AW. Calvarial Defect Healing Induced by Small Molecule Smoothened Agonist. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1357-1366. [PMID: 27702396 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling positively regulates both endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Use of small molecules for tissue engineering applications poses several advantages. In this study, we examined whether use of an acellular scaffold treated with the small molecule Smoothened agonist (SAG) could aid in critical-size mouse calvarial defect repair. First, we verified the pro-osteogenic effect of SAG in vitro, using primary neonatal mouse calvarial cells (NMCCs). Next, a 4 mm nonhealing defect was created in the mid-parietal bone of 10-week-old CD-1 mice. The scaffold consisted of a custom-fabricated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) disc with hydroxyapatite coating (measuring 4 mm diameter × 0.5 mm thickness). Treatment groups included dimethylsulfoxide control (n = 6), 0.5 mM SAG (n = 7) or 1.0 mM SAG (n = 7). Evaluation was performed at 4 and 8 weeks postoperative, by a combination of high-resolution microcomputed tomography, histology (H & E, Masson's Trichrome), histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry (BSP, OCN, VEGF). In vivo results showed that SAG treatment induced a significant and dose-dependent increase in calvarial bone healing by all radiographic parameters. Histomorphometric analysis showed an increase in all parameters of bone formation with SAG treatment, but also an increase in blood vessel number and density. In summary, SAG is a pro-osteogenic, provasculogenic stimulus when applied locally in a bone defect environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonchul Lee
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Republic of Korea.,3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jia Shen
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hsin Chuan Pan
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Swati Shrestha
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Greg Asatrian
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alan Nguyen
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carolyn Meyers
- 4 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vi Nguyen
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Min Lee
- 5 Section of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chia Soo
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,6 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kang Ting
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Republic of Korea.,3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron W James
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,4 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Kashiwagi M, Hojo H, Kitaura Y, Maeda Y, Aini H, Takato T, Chung UI, Ohba S. Local administration of a hedgehog agonist accelerates fracture healing in a mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:772-778. [PMID: 27693795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone fracture healing is processed through multiple biological stages including the transition from cartilaginous callus to bony callus formation. Because of its specific, temporal and indispensable functions demonstrated by mouse genetic studies, Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is one of the most potent signaling pathways involved in these processes, but the effect of Hh-signaling activation by small compounds on the repair process had not yet been addressed. Here we examined therapeutic effects of local and one shot-administration of the Hh agonist known as smoothened agonist (SAG) on bone fracture healing in a mouse model. A quantitative analysis with three-dimensional micro-computed tomography showed that SAG administration increased the size of both the cartilaginous callus and bony callus at 14 days after the surgery. A histological analysis showed that SAG administration increased the number of cells expressing a proliferation marker and a chondrocyte marker in cartilaginous callus as well as the cells expressing an osteoblast marker in bony callus. These results indicate that the SAG administration resulted in an enhancement of callus formation during bone fracture healing, which is at least in part mediated by an increase in chondrocyte proliferation in cartilaginous callus and the promotion of bone formation in bony callus. Therapeutic strategies with a SAG-mediated protocol may thus be useful for the treatment of bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kashiwagi
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Division of Clinical Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kitaura
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yujiro Maeda
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hailati Aini
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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17
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Balmayor ER. Targeted delivery as key for the success of small osteoinductive molecules. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 94:13-27. [PMID: 25959428 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecules such as growth factors, peptides and small molecules can guide cellular behavior and are thus important for tissue engineering. They are rapidly emerging as promising compounds for the regeneration of tissues of the musculoskeletal system. Growth factors have disadvantages such as high cost, short half-life, supraphysiological amounts needed, etc. Therefore, small molecules may be an alternative. These molecules have been discovered using high throughput screening. Small osteoinductive molecules exhibit several advantages over growth factors owing to their small sizes, such as high stability and non-immunogenicity. These molecules may stimulate directly signaling pathways that are important for osteogenesis. However, systemic application doesn't induce osteogenesis in most cases. Therefore, local administration is needed. This may be achieved by using a bone graft material providing additional osteoconductive properties. These graft materials can also act by themselves as a delivery matrix for targeted and local delivery. Furthermore, vascularization is necessary in the process of osteogenesis. Many of the small molecules are also capable of promoting vascularization of the tissue to be regenerated. Thus, in this review, special attention is given to molecules that are capable of inducing both angiogenesis and osteogenesis simultaneously. Finally, more recent preclinical and clinical uses in bone regeneration of those molecules are described, highlighting the needs for the clinical translation of these promising compounds.
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18
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Uryu T, Matsumoto N, Namaki S, Mashimo T, Tamagawa T, Yasumitsu T, Okudera M, Komiyama K, Chung UI, Honda K, Arai Y, Yonehara Y. Histochemical and Radiological Study of Bone Regeneration by the Combinatorial Use of Tetrapod-Shaped Artificial Bone and Collagen. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.24.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Uryu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Shunsuke Namaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Takayuki Mashimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Takaaki Tamagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Tomohiro Yasumitsu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Kazuo Komiyama
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuya Honda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Yonehara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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19
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Iwata J, Namaki S, Mashimo T, Chung UI, Honda K, Yonehara Y. Augmentation of Flat Bone Area Using Tetrapod-Shaped Artificial Bone in Rats. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.24.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwata
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Shunsuke Namaki
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Takayuki Mashimo
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Center of Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Facility of Medicine, University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuya Honda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Yoshiyuki Yonehara
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
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20
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Kanke K, Masaki H, Saito T, Komiyama Y, Hojo H, Nakauchi H, Lichtler AC, Takato T, Chung UI, Ohba S. Stepwise differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into osteoblasts using four small molecules under serum-free and feeder-free conditions. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:751-60. [PMID: 24936463 PMCID: PMC4050355 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are a promising tool for mechanistic studies of tissue development, drug screening, and cell-based therapies. Here, we report an effective and mass-producing strategy for the stepwise differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs and hiPSCs, respectively) into osteoblasts using four small molecules (CHIR99021 [CHIR], cyclopamine [Cyc], smoothened agonist [SAG], and a helioxanthin-derivative 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[4′,3′:4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide [TH]) under serum-free and feeder-free conditions. The strategy, which consists of mesoderm induction, osteoblast induction, and osteoblast maturation phases, significantly induced expressions of osteoblast-related genes and proteins in mESCs, miPSCs, and hiPSCs. In addition, when mESCs defective in runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a master regulator of osteogenesis, were cultured by the strategy, they molecularly recapitulated osteoblast phenotypes of Runx2 null mice. The present strategy will be a platform for biological and pathological studies of osteoblast development, screening of bone-augmentation drugs, and skeletal regeneration. Osteoblasts were differentiated from pluripotent stem cells under defined conditions The strategy utilizes four small molecule inducers with no serum or feeder cells The strategy comprises mesoderm induction and subsequent osteoblast induction The strategy can at least partially recapitulate physiological osteoblast development
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kanke
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan ; Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan ; Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan ; Department of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuske Komiyama
- Intensive Care Unit, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan ; Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Alexander C Lichtler
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan ; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan ; Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Delivery of small molecules for bone regenerative engineering: preclinical studies and potential clinical applications. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:794-800. [PMID: 24508820 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of bone regeneration using growth factors is a promising approach for musculoskeletal regenerative engineering. However, common limitations with protein growth factors, such as high manufacturing costs, protein instability, contamination issues, and unwanted immunogenic responses of the host reduce potential clinical applications. New strategies for bone regeneration that involve inexpensive and stable small molecules can obviate these problems and have a significant impact on the treatment of skeletal injury and diseases. Over the past decade, a large number of small molecules with the potential of regenerating skeletal tissue have been reported in the literature. Here, we review this literature, paying specific attention to the prospects for small molecule-based bone-regenerative engineering. We also review the preclinical study of small molecules associated with bone regeneration.
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