1
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Dittfeld C, Welzel C, König U, Jannasch A, Alexiou K, Blum E, Bronder S, Sperling C, Maitz MF, Tugtekin SM. Hemocompatibility tuning of an innovative glutaraldehyde-free preparation strategy using riboflavin/UV crosslinking and electron irradiation of bovine pericardium for cardiac substitutes. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 147:213328. [PMID: 36764200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hemocompatibility tuning was adopted to explore and refine an innovative, GA-free preparation strategy combining decellularization, riboflavin/UV crosslinking, and low-energy electron irradiation (SULEEI) procedure. A SULEEI-protocol was established to avoid GA-dependent deterioration that results in insufficient long-term aortic valve bioprosthesis durability. Final SULEEI-pericardium, intermediate steps and GA-fixed reference pericardium were exposed in vitro to fresh human whole blood to elucidate effects of preparation parameters on coagulation and inflammation activation and tissue histology. The riboflavin/UV crosslinking step showed to be less efficient in inactivating extracellular matrix (ECM) protein activity than the GA fixation, leading to tissue-factor mediated blood clotting. Intensifying the riboflavin/UV crosslinking with elevated riboflavin concentration and dextran caused an enhanced activation of the complement system. Yet activation processes induced by the previous protocol steps were quenched with the final electron beam treatment step. An optimized SULEEI protocol was developed using an intense and extended, trypsin-containing decellularization step to inactivate tissue factor and a dextran-free, low riboflavin, high UV crosslinking step. The innovative and improved GA-free SULEEI-preparation protocol results in low coagulant and low inflammatory bovine pericardium for surgical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dittfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Germany.
| | - Cindy Welzel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulla König
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anett Jannasch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantin Alexiou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Blum
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, Dresden, Germany
| | - Saskia Bronder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Sperling
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sems-Malte Tugtekin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Centre Dresden, Germany
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2
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Wang K, Zou S, Chen H, Higazy D, Gao X, Zhang Y, Cao S, Cui M. Zika virus replication on endothelial cells and invasion into the central nervous system by inhibiting interferon β translation. Virology 2023; 582:23-34. [PMID: 36996689 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the tightest physical barriers to prevent pathogens from invading the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanism by which Zika virus (ZIKV) crossing the BBB remains unresolved. We found ZIKV induced high morbidity and mortality in newborn mice, accompanied by inflammatory injury on CNS. ZIKV was found to replicate primarily in the cortex and hippocampus in neonatal mouse brains. An in vitro model revealed that ZIKV had no impact on hBMECs permeability but led to endothelial activation, as shown by the enhancement of adhesion molecules expression and F-actin redistribution. ZIKV replication in hBMECs might be associated with the suppression of IFN-β translation via inhibiting RPS6 phosphorylation. On the other hand, ZIKV infection induced IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and promoted chemokine secretion. This study provides an understanding of virus replication and transmigration across the BBB during ZIKV infection.
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3
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Atashgahi M, Ghaemi B, Valizadeh A, Moshiri A, Nekoofar MH, Amani A. Epinephrine-entrapped chitosan nanoparticles covered by gelatin nanofibers: A bi-layer nano-biomaterial for rapid hemostasis. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121074. [PMID: 34481888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled hemorrhage accounts for significant death risk both in trauma and surgery. Various bleeding control techniques have been emerged to augment hemostasis, which still has several limitations and drawbacks. In this study, epinephrine-entrapped chitosan nanoparticles were electrosprayed on a base pad and covered by a gelatin nanofiber layer (E-CS-Gl. Physico-chemical characteristics, hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and blood coagulation tests were studied in-vitro, and blood coagulation and hemostasis potential tests were performed in-vivo. The in-vitro results showed that the prepared nano-biomaterial is cytocompatible against HuGu cells. Also, hemocompatibility studies showed that PT and aPTT times did not change in comparison with the controls. Further blood coagulation study indicated that E-CS-Gl provides an ultimate interface to induce red blood cell absorption and aggregation, resulting in augmented blood coagulation. E-CS-Gl also caused rapid clotting in rat models of ruptured femoral artery and liver compared to controls. Findings exhibited that E-CS-Gl is a safe and effective hemostatic agent and provides a new approach for fast and safe hemorrhage control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Atashgahi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469 Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ghaemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469 Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Valizadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469 Tehran, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17411 Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nekoofar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Department of Endodontic, Bahçeşehir University School of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Amir Amani
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Medical Biomaterial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Xu J, Nie N, Wu B, Li Y, Gong L, Yao X, Zou X, Ouyang H. The personalized application of biomaterials based on age and sexuality specific immune responses. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121177. [PMID: 34653933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although biomaterials are widely utilized in clinics, it still follows the "one-fits-all" strategy. Biological variables such as age and sexuality have an impact on the host immune response and are not fully considered in the practice guidelines of the biomaterial implantation. In this study, we investigated the immuno-material interactions of six commonly used biomaterials (agarose, alginate, chitosan, CMC, GelMA and collagen type I) and constructed a population (with different ages and sexes) based transcriptome atlas. Protein and polysaccharide-based biomaterials elicited distinctive immune responses that protein-based materials preferred the NKT pathway to activate innate and adaptive immune response, whereas polysaccharide-based materials activated the cDCs to present antigen. The atlas further revealed the sex/age-related variabilities on the immune response followed by the polysaccharide treatment. As for sex bias, alginate and agarose stimulation significantly increased the proportion of naive CD4+ T cells in the female group, accompanied by the Th1 differentiation tendency, compared to the male group. Age-biased transcript showed alginate and chitosan would impair the extracellular matrix remodeling and up-regulate the apoptosis process in the elderly groups, compared to the young group. More attentions on the ingredient, age and sexuality effect of biomaterial implants should be paid during the clinical practice, especially for the polysaccharide-based materials. This experimental result is of great significance for the selection of biomaterials, particularly the blood contact materials, such as vessel or cardiac device, drug vehicles and hemostatic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanfang Nie
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yu Li
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gong
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Maitz MF, Martins MCL, Grabow N, Matschegewski C, Huang N, Chaikof EL, Barbosa MA, Werner C, Sperling C. The blood compatibility challenge. Part 4: Surface modification for hemocompatible materials: Passive and active approaches to guide blood-material interactions. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:33-43. [PMID: 31226481 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical devices in the blood flow disturb the fine-tuned balance of pro- and anti-coagulant factors in blood and vessel wall. Numerous technologies have been suggested to reduce coagulant and inflammatory responses of the body towards the device material, ranging from camouflage effects to permanent activity and further to a responsive interaction with the host systems. However, not all types of modification are suitable for all types of medical products. This review has a focus on application-oriented considerations of hemocompatible surface fittings. Thus, passive versus bioactive modifications are discussed along with the control of protein adsorption, stability of the immobilization, and the type of bioactive substance, biological or synthetic. Further considerations are related to the target system, whether enzymes or cells should be addressed in arterial or venous system, or whether the blood vessel wall is addressed. Recent developments like feedback controlled or self-renewing systems for drug release or addressing cellular regulation pathways of blood platelets and endothelial cells are paradigms for a generation of blood contacting devices, which are hemocompatible by cooperation with the host system. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper is part 4 of a series of 4 reviews discussing the problem of biomaterial associated thrombogenicity. The objective was to highlight features of broad agreement and provide commentary on those aspects of the problem that were subject to dispute. We hope that future investigators will update these reviews as new scholarship resolves the uncertainties of today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred F Maitz
- Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany; Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Portugal; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Niels Grabow
- Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Matschegewski
- Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; Institute for ImplantTechnology and Biomaterials (IIB) e.V., Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Portugal; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carsten Werner
- Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Sperling
- Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
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6
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Rosa S, Praça C, Pitrez PR, Gouveia PJ, Aranguren XL, Ricotti L, Ferreira LS. Functional characterization of iPSC-derived arterial- and venous-like endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3826. [PMID: 30846769 PMCID: PMC6405900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current work reports the functional characterization of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)- arterial and venous-like endothelial cells (ECs), derived in chemically defined conditions, either in monoculture or seeded in a scaffold with mechanical properties similar to blood vessels. iPSC-derived arterial- and venous-like endothelial cells were obtained in two steps: differentiation of iPSCs into endothelial precursor cells (CD31pos/KDRpos/VE-Cadmed/EphB2neg/COUP-TFneg) followed by their differentiation into arterial and venous-like ECs using a high and low vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration. Cells were characterized at gene, protein and functional levels. Functionally, both arterial and venous-like iPSC-derived ECs responded to vasoactive agonists such as thrombin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), similar to somatic ECs; however, arterial-like iPSC-derived ECs produced higher nitric oxide (NO) and elongation to shear stress than venous-like iPSC-derived ECs. Both cells adhered, proliferated and prevented platelet activation when seeded in poly(caprolactone) scaffolds. Interestingly, both iPSC-derived ECs cultured in monoculture or in a scaffold showed a different inflammatory profile than somatic ECs. Although both somatic and iPSC-derived ECs responded to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by an increase in the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), only somatic ECs showed an upregulation in the expression of E-selectin or vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rosa
- CNC UC- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Praça
- CNC UC- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P R Pitrez
- CNC UC- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P José Gouveia
- CNC UC- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - X L Aranguren
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - L Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, PI, Italy
| | - L Silva Ferreira
- CNC UC- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.
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7
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Han C, Luo X, Zou D, Li J, Zhang K, Yang P, Huang N. Nature-inspired extracellular matrix coating produced by micro-patterned smooth muscle and endothelial cells endows cardiovascular materials with better biocompatibility. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2686-2701. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functionalizing cardiovascular biomaterials with an extracellular matrix (ECM) via in vitro decellularization has been applied as an effective method to improve the biocompatibility of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhen Han
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- PR China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- PR China
| | - Dan Zou
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- PR China
| | - Jingan Li
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- PR China
- School of Material Science and Engineering
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- PR China
- School of Life Science
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- PR China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- PR China
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8
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Li J, Zhang K, Huang N. Engineering Cardiovascular Implant Surfaces to Create a Vascular Endothelial Growth Microenvironment. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28941232 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is generally accepted as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and an increasing number of patients suffer from atherosclerosis and thrombosis annually. To treat these disorders and prolong the sufferers' life, several cardiovascular implants have been developed and applied clinically. Nevertheless, thrombosis and hyperplasia at the site of cardiovascular implants are recognized as long-term problems in the practice of interventional cardiology. Here, we start this review from the clinical requirement of the implants, such as anti-hyperplasia, anti-thrombosis, and pro-endothelialization, wherein particularly focus on the natural factors which influence functional endothelialization in situ, including the healthy smooth muscle cells (SMCs) environment, blood flow shear stress (BFSS), and the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Then, the currently available strategies on surface modification of cardiovascular biomaterials to create vascular endothelial growth microenvironment are introduced as the main topic, e.g., BFSS effect simulation by surface micro-patterning, ECM rational construction and SMCs phenotype maintain. Finally, the prospects for extending use of the in situ construction of endothelial cells growth microenvironment are discussed and summarized in designing the next generation of vascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.,Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.,School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
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