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Hao Y, Li H, Guo J, Wang D, Zhang J, Liu J, Yang C, Zhang Y, Li G, Liu J. Bio-Inspired Antioxidant Heparin-Mimetic Peptide Hydrogel for Radiation-Induced Skin Injury Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203387. [PMID: 36934301 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most important means of cancer treatment, however, radiation can also cause adverse reactions and even serious injuries to the skin. Radiation-induced excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory infiltration make skin wounds difficult to heal compared to normal skin injuries. Herein, an antioxidant heparin-mimetic peptide hydrogel (K16, KYKYEYEYAGEGDSS-4Sa) is designed for radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) repair. First, the K16 peptide can self-assemble into a hydrogel with a 3D mesh-like porous nanofiber structure, which can provide certain physical support for skin repair like extracellular matrix (ECM). Then, K16 hydrogel not only scavenges ROS and prevents radiation damage to cellular DNA, but also promotes cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Meanwhile, 4-sulfobenzoic acid (4Sa) modified at the N-terminal end of the K16 peptide can adsorb inflammatory cytokines, thus acting to eliminate inflammation at the wound site. In vivo experiments showed that K16 hydrogel can inhibit early wound degradation, reduce inflammatory infiltration, and promote angiogenesis and collagen deposition, thus promoting wound healing. Therefore, the K16 hydrogel designed in this study has good potential for application in the field of radiation-induced skin injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Hao
- Lab of Functional and Biomedical Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Guo
- Lab of Functional and Biomedical Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Cuihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Lab of Functional and Biomedical Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Lab of Functional and Biomedical Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
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Ma L, Chen Y, Gong Q, Cheng Z, Ran C, Liu K, Shi C. Cold atmospheric plasma alleviates radiation-induced skin injury by suppressing inflammation and promoting repair. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 204:184-194. [PMID: 37172912 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective treatment for chronic skin radiation injury, which burdens patients significantly. Previous studies have shown that cold atmospheric plasma has an apparent therapeutic effect on acute and chronic skin injuries in clinical. However, whether CAP is effective for radiation-induced skin injury has not been reported. We created 35Gy X-ray radiation exposure within 3 * 3 cm2 region of the left leg of rats and applied CAP to the wound bed. Wound healing, cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined in vivo or vitro. CAP alleviated radiation-induced skin injury by enhancing proliferation and migration and cellular antioxidant stress and promoting DNA damage repair through regulated nuclear translocation of NRF2. In addition, CAP inhibited the proinflammatory factors' expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and temporarily increased the pro repair factor's expression of IL-6 in irradiated tissues. At the same time, CAP also changed the polarity of macrophages to a repair-promoting phenotype. Our finding suggested that CAP ameliorated radiation-induced skin injury by activating NRF2 and ameliorating the inflammatory response. Our work provided a preliminary theoretical foundation for the clinical administration of CAP in high-dose irradiated skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Congfu Ran
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Kun Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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3
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Duo Y, Luo G, Zhang W, Wang R, Xiao GG, Li Z, Li X, Chen M, Yoon J, Tang BZ. Noncancerous disease-targeting AIEgens. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1024-1067. [PMID: 36602333 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00610c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Noncancerous diseases include a wide plethora of medical conditions beyond cancer and are a major cause of mortality around the world. Despite progresses in clinical research, many puzzles about these diseases remain unanswered, and new therapies are continuously being sought. The evolution of bio-nanomedicine has enabled huge advancements in biosensing, diagnosis, bioimaging, and therapeutics. The recent development of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) has provided an impetus to the field of molecular bionanomaterials. Following aggregation, AIEgens show strong emission, overcoming the problems associated with the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect. They also have other unique properties, including low background interferences, high signal-to-noise ratios, photostability, and excellent biocompatibility, along with activatable aggregation-enhanced theranostic effects, which help them achieve excellent therapeutic effects as an one-for-all multimodal theranostic platform. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the overall progresses in AIEgen-based nanoplatforms for the detection, diagnosis, bioimaging, and bioimaging-guided treatment of noncancerous diseases. In addition, it details future perspectives and the potential clinical applications of these AIEgens in noncancerous diseases are also proposed. This review hopes to motivate further interest in this topic and promote ideation for the further exploration of more advanced AIEgens in a broad range of biomedical and clinical applications in patients with noncancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Duo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Guanghong Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zihuang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xianming Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Meili Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang L, Du W, Li X, Ling G, Zhang P. Dissolving microneedles based on polysaccharide for dermatological diseases therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Xie P, Ling H, Pang M, He L, Zhuang Z, Zhang G, Chen Z, Weng C, Cheng S, Jiao J, Zhao Z, Tang BZ, Rong L. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promoting Spinal Cord Injury Repair Visually Monitored by AIE‐Tat Nanoparticles. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peigen Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Haiqian Ling
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Zeyan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Guiling Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University 600 Tianhe Road Guangzhou Guangdong 510630 China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Chuanggui Weng
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Sijin Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Ju Jiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University 600 Tianhe Road Guangzhou Guangdong 510630 China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
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6
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A balanced charged hydrogel with anti-biofouling and antioxidant properties for treatment of irradiation-induced skin injury. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112538. [PMID: 34857314 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Skin injury caused by large doses of ionizing radiation is the common and severe side effect of radiotherapy. However, its therapeutic efficacy is always hindered by early reactive oxygen species generation, repetitive inflammatory microenvironment and bacterial infection risk. Herein, we report an anti-biofouling hydrogel with anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative properties for the treatment of irradiation-induced skin injury. The anti-biofouling hydrogel can be achieved by balancing oppositely charged alginate, hyaluronic acid (HA) and polylysine (PLL) at the optimal ratio, which effectively resist protein and bacterial adhesion, and evades immune response. Moreover, curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can be facially encapsulated and substantially released from the hydrogel. Results showed that the resulting AHP-Cur/EGCG hydrogel can significantly weaken the development of skin injury and accelerate its healing process by alleviating inflammation, scavenging ROS and promoting angiogenesis. Therefore, the findings presented in this work provide an effective strategy for clinical management and treatment of ionizing radiation-induced skin injury.
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7
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Yu HY, Lee S, Ju H, Kim Y, Shin JH, Yun H, Ryu CM, Heo J, Lim J, Song S, Lee S, Hong KS, Chung HM, Kim JK, Choo MS, Shin DM. Intravital imaging and single cell transcriptomic analysis for engraftment of mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121277. [PMID: 34861510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising treatment for various intractable disorders including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). However, an analysis of fundamental characteristics driving in vivo behaviors of transplanted cells has not been performed, causing debates about rational use and efficacy of MSC therapy. Here, we implemented two-photon intravital imaging and single cell transcriptome analysis to evaluate the in vivo behaviors of engrafted multipotent MSCs (M-MSCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in an acute IC/BPS animal model. Two-photon imaging analysis was performed to visualize the dynamic association between engrafted M-MSCs and bladder vasculature within live animals until 28 days after transplantation, demonstrating the progressive integration of transplanted M-MSCs into a perivascular-like structure. Single cell transcriptome analysis was performed in highly purified engrafted cells after a dual MACS-FACS sorting procedure and revealed expression changes in various pathways relating to pericyte cell adhesion and cellular stress. Particularly, FOS and cyclin dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) played a key role in modulating the migration, engraftment, and anti-inflammatory functions of M-MSCs, which determined their in vivo therapeutic potency. Collectively, this approach provides an overview of engrafted M-MSC behavior in vivo, which will advance our understanding of MSC therapeutic applications, efficacy, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Yeul Yu
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; ToolGen Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyein Ju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngkyu Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shin
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HongDuck Yun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae-Min Ryu
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinbeom Heo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujin Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Sung Hong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Mirae Cell Bio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Mirae Cell Bio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Choo
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Huayllani MT, Ruiz-Garcia H, Boczar D, Avila FR, Lu X, Rinker BD, Moran SL, Sarabia-Estrada R, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Forte AJ. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Therapy for Radiation-Induced Skin Injury. Ann Plast Surg 2021; 87:639-649. [PMID: 34724441 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced skin injuries have been treated with different medical therapies and have shown diverse outcomes. We aim to evaluate the effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) therapy on radiation-induced skin injury. METHODS We performed a review by querying PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases from inception to April 2020 following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The MeSH terms "adipose-derived stem cells," "wound healing," "radiation," and synonyms in combinations determined our search strategy. Experimental peer-reviewed articles describing the protocol and comparing the results with controls were included. Non-English studies were excluded. RESULTS Our search recorded a total of 137 articles. Only 8 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Five studies evaluated the use of ADSC alone, whereas the others evaluated the efficacy of ADSC seeded in scaffolds. Adipose-derived stem cell-based therapies, either alone or seeded in scaffolds, were shown to improve wound healing in most studies when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence supporting the positive benefits from ADSC-based therapies in radiation-induced skin injury. However, further studies are needed to standardize the method of ADSC extraction, radiation-induced skin injury experimental model, and increase the time of follow-up to evaluate the results accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaona Lu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Han T, Wang X, Wang D, Tang BZ. Functional Polymer Systems with Aggregation-Induced Emission and Stimuli Responses. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:7. [PMID: 33428022 PMCID: PMC7797498 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Functional polymer systems with stimuli responses have attracted great attention over the years due to their diverse range of applications. Such polymers are capable of altering their chemical and/or physical properties, such as chemical structures, chain conformation, solubility, shape, morphologies, and optical properties, in response to single or multiple stimuli. Among various stimuli-responsive polymers, those with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties possess the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response, large contrast, excellent photostability, and low background noise. The changes in fluorescence signal can be conveniently detected and monitored using portable instruments. The integration of AIE and stimuli responses into one polymer system provides a feasible and effective strategy for the development of smart polymers with high sensitivity to environmental variations. Here, we review the recent advances in the design, preparation, performance, and applications of functional synthetic polymer systems with AIE and stimuli responses. Various AIE-based polymer systems with responsiveness toward single physical or chemical stimuli as well as multiple stimuli are summarized with specific examples. The current challenges and perspectives on the future development of this research area will also be discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Jia H, Mo W, Hong M, Jiang S, Zhang YY, He D, Yu D, Shi Y, Cao J, Xu X, Zhang S. Interferon-α inducible protein 6 (IFI6) confers protection against ionizing radiation in skin cells. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 100:139-147. [PMID: 33059972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced skin injury is one of the main adverse effects and a dose-limiting factor of radiotherapy without feasible treatment. The underlying mechanism of this disease is still limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential molecular pathways and mechanisms of radiation-induced skin injury. METHODS mRNA expression profiles were determined by Affymetrix Human HTA2.0 microarray.IFI6 overexpression and knockdown were mediated by lentivirus. The functional changes of skin cells were measured by flow cytometry, ROS probe and Edu probe. Protein distribution was detected by immunofluorescence experiment, and IFI6-interacting proteins were detected by immunoprecipitation (IP) combined with mass spectrometry. The global gene changes in IFI6-overexpressed skin cells after irradiation were detected by RNA-seq. RESULTS mRNA expression profiling showed 50 upregulated and 13 down regulated genes and interferon alpha inducible protein 6 (IFI6) was top upregulated. Overexpression of IFI6 promoted cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis as well as ROS production following radiation, and conversely, increased the radiosensitivity of HaCaT and human skin fibroblast (WS1). IFI6 was translocated into nucleus in irradiated skin cells and the interacting relationship with mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1), which could enhance the transcriptional activity of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1).IFI6 augmented HSF1 activity following radiation in HaCaT and WS1 cells. RNA-seq analysis showed IFI6 modulated virus infection and cellular response to stress pathways, which may help to further explore how IFI6 regulate the transcriptional activity of HSF1. CONCLUSION This study reveals that IFI6 is induced by ionizing radiation and confers radioprotection in skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jia
- State Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Mo
- State Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Hong
- State Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan He
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Daojiang Yu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Shi
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- State Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Yang C, Hu F, Zhang X, Ren C, Huang F, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yang L, Gao Y, Liu B, Liu J. Combating bacterial infection by in situ self-assembly of AIEgen-peptide conjugate. Biomaterials 2020; 244:119972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Shi X, Yan N, Niu G, Sung SHP, Liu Z, Liu J, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Wang WX, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Tang BZ. In vivo monitoring of tissue regeneration using a ratiometric lysosomal AIE probe. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3152-3163. [PMID: 34122820 PMCID: PMC8157324 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is a crucial self-renewal capability involving many complex biological processes. Although transgenic techniques and fluorescence immunohistochemical staining have promoted our understanding of tissue regeneration, simultaneous quantification and visualization of tissue regeneration processes is not easy to achieve. Herein, we developed a simple and quantitative method for the real-time and non-invasive observation of the process of tissue regeneration. The synthesized ratiometric aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) probe exhibits high selectivity and reversibility for pH responses, good ability to map lysosomal pH both in vitro and in vivo, good biocompatibility and excellent photostability. The caudal fin regeneration of a fish model (medaka larvae) was monitored by tracking the lysosomal pH change. It was found that the mean lysosomal pH is reduced during 24-48 hpa to promote the autophagic activity for cell debris degradation. Our research can quantify the changes in mean lysosomal pH and also exhibit its distribution during the caudal fin regeneration. We believe that the AIE-active lysosomal pH probe can also be potentially used for long-term tracking of various lysosome-involved biological processes, such as tracking the stress responses of tissue, tracking the inflammatory responses, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Shi
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Neng Yan
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Guangle Niu
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Simon H P Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Junkai Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institute Hong Kong China
- Centre for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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13
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Yang Y, Chen J, Shang X, Feng Z, Chen C, Lu J, Cai J, Chen Y, Zhang J, Hao Y, Yang X, Li Y, Chen S. Visualizing the Fate of Intra-Articular Injected Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vivo in the Second Near-Infrared Window for the Effective Treatment of Supraspinatus Tendon Tears. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901018. [PMID: 31592419 PMCID: PMC6774022 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of exerting strong therapeutic potential for the treatment of supraspinatus tendon tear. However, MSC therapy remains underutilized and perhaps underrated due to the limited evidence of dynamic visualization of cellular behavior in vivo. Here, second near-infrared fluorescence imaging with biocompatible PbS quantum dots (QDs) provides a cellular migration map and information on the biodistribution and clearance processes of three densities of intra-articularly injected, labeled MSCs to treat supraspinatus tendon tear in mice. Intra-articular injection avoids entrapment of MSCs by filter organs and reduces the QD-induced organ toxicity. Notably, the MSCs share a similar migration direction, but the moderate density group is somewhat more efficient, showing the longest residence time and highest cell retention rate around the footprint during the repair stage. Furthermore, quantitative kinetic investigation demonstrates that labeled MSCs are cleared by feces and urine. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrates that the moderate density group achieves maximum therapeutic effect and labeled MSCs do not induce any injury or inflammation to major organs, which suggests that administration of too many or few MSCs may decrease their effectiveness. Such an imaging approach provides spatiotemporal evidence for response to MSC therapy in vivo, facilitating the optimization of MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Yang
- Department of Sports MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Sports MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Xiliang Shang
- Department of Sports MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Zhujun Feng
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologySchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Sports MedicineShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200233China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Department of Sports MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Jiangyu Cai
- Department of Sports MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- Department of Sports MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Sports MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Yuefeng Hao
- Department of OrthopedicsAffiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215500China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of OrthopedicsAffiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215500China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Department of Sports MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Sports MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
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14
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Forbes D, Russ B, Kilani R, Ghahary A, Jalili R. Liquid Dermal Scaffold With Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improve Tissue Quality in a Murine Model of Impaired Wound Healing. J Burn Care Res 2019; 40:550-557. [PMID: 31188436 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wound repair and regeneration is a multidisciplinary field of research with considerable potential value to the management of deep and large burn injuries. These injuries lack an appropriate tissue scaffold and pro-healing cells making them difficult to heal. An alternative to the often limited autologous skin is a therapy that would restore the essential matrix and cellular components for rapid healing. In this study, they use a novel liquid dermal scaffold capable of gelation in vivo to show that it is biocompatible with adipose-derived stem cells. Using a validated method of wound splinting in a delayed-healing murine model, we show that wounds treated with the scaffold and stem cells had a significant reduction in wound size and had accelerated healing compared with control. The wounds treated with stem cells had increased capillary formation, collagen content, epidermal thickness, and essential growth factor expression in the healed tissue compared with control and liquid scaffold alone. This liquid dermal scaffold combined with cells is a feasible treatment strategy for complex or large burn wounds that are otherwise lacking the appropriate cellular matrix necessary for healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Forbes
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Provincial Fire Fighter's Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Breshell Russ
- BC Provincial Fire Fighter's Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ruhangiz Kilani
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Provincial Fire Fighter's Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Provincial Fire Fighter's Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Reza Jalili
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Provincial Fire Fighter's Burn and Wound Healing Research Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Niu G, Zhang R, Gu Y, Wang J, Ma C, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Wong KS, Yu X, Tang BZ. Highly photostable two-photon NIR AIEgens with tunable organelle specificity and deep tissue penetration. Biomaterials 2019; 208:72-82. [PMID: 30999153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photostability is a particularly important parameter for fluorescence imaging especially long-term dynamic tracking in live samples. However, many organic fluorophores show poor photostability under one-photon and two-photon continuous irradiation. In addition, these traditional fluorophores also suffer from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) in aggregate state in insolvable water environment. Therefore, it remains challenging to develop photostable and ACQ-free fluorophores for biological imaging. In this work, we developed two highly photostable aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) based on the cyanostilbene core for in vitro and ex vivo bioimaging. These AIEgens named CS-Py+SO3- and CS-Py+ exhibit near-infrared solid-state emission, large Stokes shift (>180 nm), high fluorescence quantum yield (12.8%-13.7%) and good two-photon absorption cross section (up to 88 GM). CS-Py+SO3- and CS-Py+ show specific organelle staining with high biocompatibility in membrane and mitochondria in live cells, respectively. In addition, selective two-photon mitochondria visualization in live rat skeletal muscle tissues with deep-tissue penetration (about 100 μm) is successfully realized by using CS-Py+. Furthermore, these AIEgens especially CS-Py+ exhibit remarkably high resistance to photobleaching under one-photon and two-photon continuous irradiation. These highly photostable AIEgens could be potentially utilized in visualizing and tracking specific organelle-associated dynamic changes in live systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangle Niu
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, And Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Ruoyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, And Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China; Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, And Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, And Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, And Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, And Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, And Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, And Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, And Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China; Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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