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Liu YB, Chen XY, Yu BX, Cen Y, Huang CY, Yan MY, Liu QQ, Zhang W, Li SY, Tang YZ. Chimeric Peptide-Engineered Self-Delivery Nanomedicine for Photodynamic-Triggered Breast Cancer Immunotherapy by Macrophage Polarization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309994. [PMID: 38095445 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A systemic treatment strategy is urgently demanded to suppress the rapid growth and easy metastasis characteristics of breast cancer. In this work, a chimeric peptide-engineered self-delivery nanomedicine (designated as ChiP-CeR) for photodynamic-triggered breast cancer immunotherapy by macrophage polarization. Among these, ChiP-CeR is composed of the photosensitizer of chlorine e6 (Ce6) and the TLR7/8 agonist of lmiquimod (R837), which is further modified with tumor matrix targeting peptide (Fmoc-K(Fmoc)-PEG8-CREKA. ChiP-CeR is preferred to actively accumulate at the tumor site via specific recognition of fibronectin, which can eradicate primary tumor growth through photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, the destruction of primary tumors would trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects to release high-mobility group box-1(HMGB1) and expose calreticulin (CRT). Moreover, ChiP-CeR can also polarize M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into M1-type TAMs, which can activate T cell antitumor immunity in combination with ICD. Overall, ChiP-CeR possesses superior antitumor effects against primary and lung metastatic tumors, which provide an applicable nanomedicine and a feasible strategy for the systemic management of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R.China
| | - Xia-Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Xue Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yi Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R.China
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Shen X, Pan D, Gong Q, Gu Z, Luo K. Enhancing drug penetration in solid tumors via nanomedicine: Evaluation models, strategies and perspectives. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:445-472. [PMID: 37965242 PMCID: PMC10641097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective tumor treatment depends on optimizing drug penetration and accumulation in tumor tissue while minimizing systemic toxicity. Nanomedicine has emerged as a key solution that addresses the rapid clearance of free drugs, but achieving deep drug penetration into solid tumors remains elusive. This review discusses various strategies to enhance drug penetration, including manipulation of the tumor microenvironment, exploitation of both external and internal stimuli, pioneering nanocarrier surface engineering, and development of innovative tactics for active tumor penetration. One outstanding strategy is organelle-affinitive transfer, which exploits the unique properties of specific tumor cell organelles and heralds a potentially transformative approach to active transcellular transfer for deep tumor penetration. Rigorous models are essential to evaluate the efficacy of these strategies. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is gaining traction as a bridge between laboratory discovery and clinical application. However, the journey from bench to bedside for nanomedicines is fraught with challenges. Future efforts should prioritize deepening our understanding of nanoparticle-tumor interactions, re-evaluating the EPR effect, and exploring novel nanoparticle transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoding Shen
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dayi Pan
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Meng J, Bao W, Liu M, Ma Z, Tian Z. MOFs-Based Nanoagents Enable Sequential Damage to Cancer-Associated Fibroblast and Tumor Cells for Phototriggered Tumor Microenvironment Regulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304491. [PMID: 37653587 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A composite nanoagent capable of phototriggered tumor microenvironment (TME) regulation is developed based on copper (II) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with encapsulation of blebbistatin (Bb) and surface modification of fibroblast activation protein-αtargeted peptide (Tp). Tp enables active targeting of the nanoagents to cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) while near-infrared light triggers Cu2+ -to-Cu+ photoreduction in MOFs, which brings about the collapse of MOFs and the release of Bb and Cu+ . Bb mediates photogeneration of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and therefore inhibits extracellular matrix production by inducing CAF apoptosis, which facilitates the penetration of nanoagent to deep tumor tissue. The dual-channel generation of •OH based on Bb and the Cu+ species, via distinct mechanisms, synergistically reinforces oxidative stress in TME capable of inducing immunogenic cell death, which activates the antitumor immune response and therefore reverses the immunosuppressive TME. The synergistic antitumor phototherapy efficacy of such a type of nanoagent based on the abovementioned TME remodeling is unequivocally verified in a cell-derived tumor xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Meng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Weier Bao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhecheng Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Tian
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Lu S, Zhang C, Wang J, Zhao L, Li G. Research progress in nano-drug delivery systems based on the characteristics of the liver cancer microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116059. [PMID: 38154273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver cancer has microenvironmental features such as low pH, M2 tumor-associated macrophage enrichment, low oxygen, rich blood supply and susceptibility to hematotropic metastasis, high chemokine expression, enzyme overexpression, high redox level, and strong immunosuppression, which not only promotes the progression of the disease, but also seriously affects the clinical effectiveness of traditional therapeutic approaches. However, nanotechnology, due to its unique advantages of size effect and functionalized modifiability, can be utilized to develop various responsive nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) by using these characteristic signals of the liver cancer microenvironment as a source of stimulation, which in turn can realize the intelligent release of the drug under the specific microenvironment, and significantly increase the concentration of the drug at the target site. Therefore, researchers have designed a series of stimuli-responsive NDDS based on the characteristics of the liver cancer microenvironment, such as hypoxia, weak acidity, and abnormal expression of proteases, and they have been widely investigated for improving anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy and reducing the related side effects. This paper provides a review of the current application and progress of NDDS developed based on the response and regulation of the microenvironment in the treatment of liver cancer, compares the effects of the microenvironment and the NDDS, and provides a reference for building more advanced NDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Lu
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Pharmacy, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chenxiao Zhang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Pharmacy, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Pharmacy, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Pharmacy, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Guofei Li
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Pharmacy, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, China.
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5
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Lu Q, Yu H, Zhao T, Zhu G, Li X. Nanoparticles with transformable physicochemical properties for overcoming biological barriers. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13202-13223. [PMID: 37526946 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01332d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the development of nanomedicines for advanced therapeutics, yet their unsatisfactory targeting ability hinders the further application of nanomedicines. Nanomaterials undergo a series of processes, from intravenous injection to precise delivery at target sites. Each process faces different or even contradictory requirements for nanoparticles to pass through biological barriers. To overcome biological barriers, researchers have been developing nanomedicines with transformable physicochemical properties in recent years. Physicochemical transformability enables nanomedicines to responsively switch their physicochemical properties, including size, shape, surface charge, etc., thus enabling them to cross a series of biological barriers and achieve maximum delivery efficiency. In this review, we summarize recent developments in nanomedicines with transformable physicochemical properties. First, the biological dilemmas faced by nanomedicines are analyzed. Furthermore, the design and synthesis of nanomaterials with transformable physicochemical properties in terms of size, charge, and shape are summarized. Other switchable physicochemical parameters such as mobility, roughness and mechanical properties, which have been sought after most recently, are also discussed. Finally, the prospects and challenges for nanomedicines with transformable physicochemical properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Hongyue Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Tiancong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Guanjia Zhu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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Zhou Q, Dutta D, Cao Y, Ge Z. Oxidation-Responsive PolyMOF Nanoparticles for Combination Photodynamic-Immunotherapy with Enhanced STING Activation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9374-9387. [PMID: 37141569 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation by STING agonists has been recognized as one of the potent and promising immunotherapy strategies. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment always hinders the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this report, we present polymeric metal-organic framework (PMOF) nanoparticles (NPs) for the combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and enhanced STING activation to improve the immunotherapeutic efficacy. The PMOF NPs with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) shells were obtained via coordination between the block copolymer ligand PEG-b-PABDA consisting of 1,4-bezenedicarboxylic acid-bearing polyacrylamide (PABDA), meso-tetra(carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP), thioketal diacetic acid, and zirconyl chloride. Subsequently, the STING agonist SR-717 was loaded into the porous structure of PMOF to obtain SR@PMOF NPs which show excellent stability under the physiological conditions. After intravenous injection and tumor accumulation, light irradiation on the tumor sites results in efficient singlet oxygen (1O2) production from TCPP and cellular apoptosis to release fragmented DNA and tumor-associated antigens. Simultaneously, thioketal bonds can be broken by 1O2 to destroy the PMOF structure and rapidly release SR717. SR-717 and PDT synergistically enhance the antitumor immunity via combination photodynamic-immunotherapy due to reversal of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and enhanced endogenous STING activation, which can suppress the growth of the primary and distant tumors efficiently. The oxidation-responsive SR@PMOF NPs represent a promising delivery system of STING agonists and efficient PDT NPs for simultaneous suppression of the primary and metastatic tumors via the rational combination of PDT and enhanced STING activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Debabrata Dutta
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yufei Cao
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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Lin G, Zhou J, Cheng H, Liu G. Smart Nanosystems for Overcoming Multiple Biological Barriers in Cancer Nanomedicines Transport: Design Principles, Progress, and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207973. [PMID: 36971279 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of smart nanosystems, which could overcome diverse biological barriers of nanomedicine transport, has received intense scientific interest in improving the therapeutic efficacies of traditional nanomedicines. However, the reported nanosystems generally hold disparate structures and functions, and the knowledge of involved biological barriers is usually scattered. There is an imperative need for a summary of biological barriers and how these smart nanosystems conquer biological barriers, to guide the rational design of the new-generation nanomedicines. This review starts from the discussion of major biological barriers existing in nanomedicine transport, including blood circulation, tumoral accumulation and penetration, cellular uptake, drug release, and response. Design principles and recent progress of smart nanosystems in overcoming the biological barriers are overviewed. The designated physicochemical properties of nanosystems can dictate their functions in biological environments, such as protein absorption inhibition, tumor accumulation, penetration, cellular internalization, endosomal escape, and controlled release, as well as modulation of tumor cells and their resident tumor microenvironment. The challenges facing smart nanosystems on the road heading to clinical approval are discussed, followed by the proposals that could further advance the nanomedicine field. It is expected that this review will provide guidelines for the rational design of the new-generation nanomedicines for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Zhang Y, Zhou J, Chen X, Li Z, Gu L, Pan D, Zheng X, Zhang Q, Chen R, Zhang H, Gong Q, Gu Z, Luo K. Modulating tumor-stromal crosstalk via a redox-responsive nanomedicine for combination tumor therapy. J Control Release 2023; 356:525-541. [PMID: 36918084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor cells leads to the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. Herein, we prepared a redox-responsive chondroitin sulfate (CS)-based nanomedicine, in which hydrophobic cabazitaxel (CTX) was conjugated to the backbone of CS via glutathione (GSH)-sensitive dithiomaleimide (DTM) to form an amphipathic CS-DTM-CTX (CDC) conjugate, and dasatinib (DAS) co-assembled with the CDC conjugate to obtain DAS@CDC. After CD44 receptor-mediated internalization by CAFs, the nanomedicine could reverse CAFs to normal fibroblasts, blocking their crosstalk with tumor cells and reducing synthesis of major tumor extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen and fibronectin. Meanwhile, the nanomedicine internalized by tumor cells could effectively inhibit tumor proliferation and metastasis, leading to shrinkage of the tumor volume and inhibition of lung metastasis in a subcutaneous 4T1 tumor model with low side effects. Collectively, the nanomedicine showed a remarkably synergistic therapy effect against breast cancer by modulating tumor-stromal crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Animal Experimental Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Animal Experimental Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Animal Experimental Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Animal Experimental Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Animal Experimental Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dayi Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Animal Experimental Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Animal Experimental Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianfeng Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Animal Experimental Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Animal Experimental Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Animal Experimental Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Animal Experimental Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Wu D, Zhang Z, Li X, Zhu T, Wang J, Hu Q. Supramolecular Theranostic Nanomedicine for In Situ Self-Boosting Cancer Photochemotherapy. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1022-1031. [PMID: 36633601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although traditional nanomedicines have enhanced the therapeutic efficacy and improved the survival quality of cancer patients, random drug release and drug resistance are deep-rooted problems hindering their clinical application. A precise nanoplatform combing chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is developing as a new therapeutic strategy to overcome the above challenges. Herein, a novel supramolecular nanomedicine is ingeniously constructed for in situ self-boosting cancer photochemotherapy. Hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains or β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) hosts are first conjugated onto tetraphenyl porphyrin (TCPP) to improve the solubility of TCPP and decrease their π-π stacking interactions, guaranteeing a high-efficiency PDT. Then, two camptothecin (CPT) molecules are linked together via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal bond, which averts the premature burst release of CPT and realizes in situ drug release at the tumor site where PDT is performed, resulting in an enhanced chemotherapy. Benefiting from the collaboration of host-guest complexation between β-CD and CPT, multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds of β-CD, π-π stacking interactions among CPT and TCPP as well as PEG shell protection, a prolonged blood circulation time, and a selective tumor accumulation are acquired, which facilitate the synergistic photochemotherapy and bring a pre-eminent antitumor response with a low systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhankui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Tangkui Zhu
- School of Electromechanical and Information Technology, Yiwu Industrial and Commercial College, Yiwu 322000, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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Zhang M, Xu H. Peptide-assembled nanoparticles targeting tumor cells and tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Front Chem 2023; 11:1115495. [PMID: 36762192 PMCID: PMC9902599 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1115495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells and corrupt stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment usually overexpress cancer-specific markers that are absent or barely detectable in normal cells, providing available targets for inhibiting the occurrence and development of cancers. It is noticeable that therapeutic peptides are emerging in cancer therapies and playing more and more important roles. Moreover, the peptides can be self-assembled and/or incorporated with polymeric molecules to form nanoparticles via non-covalent bond, which have presented appealing as well as enhanced capacities of recognizing targeted cells, responding to microenvironments, mediating internalization, and achieving therapeutic effects. In this review, we will introduce the peptide-based nanoparticles and their application advances in targeting tumor cells and stromal cells, including suppressive immune cells, fibrosis-related cells, and angiogenic vascular cells, for cancer therapy.
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Chen S, Wang Z, Liu L, Li Y, Ni X, Yuan H, Wang C. Redox homeostasis modulation using theranostic AIE nanoparticles results in positive-feedback drug accumulation and enhanced drug penetration to combat drug-resistant cancer. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100396. [PMID: 36060105 PMCID: PMC9434132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant cancers usually have multiple barriers to compromise the effect of therapies, of which multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotype as the intracellular barrier and dense tumor matrix as the extracellular barrier, significantly contribute to the poor anticancer performance of current drug delivery systems (DDS). Here in this study, we fabricated a novel aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active polymer capable of self-assembling into ultrasmall nanoparticles (∼20 nm) with D-alpha Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate (TPGS), for dual-encapsulating of doxorubicin (Dox) and sulforaphane (SFN) (AT/Dox/SFN). It revealed that redox homeostasis modulation of MDR cells (MCF-7/Adr) using AT/Dox/SFN can trigger mitochondria damage and ATP deficiency, which reverse the MDR phenotype of MCF-7/Adr cells to afford enhanced cellular uptake of both drug and DDS in a positive-feedback manner. The enhanced cellular drug accumulation further initiates the “neighboring effect” for improved drug penetration. Using this strategy, the growth of in vivo MCF-7/Adr tumors can be effectively inhibited at a low dosage (1/5) of doxorubicin (Dox) as compared to free Dox. In summary, we offer a new approach to overcome both the intracellular and extracellular barriers of drug-resistant cancers and elucidate the potential action mechanisms, which are beneficial for better cancer management. Redox homeostasis modulation in MDR cancer cell results in positive-feedback drug accumulation and enhanced drug penetration. Mitochondria damage and neighboring effect is responsible for MDR reversal and enhanced drug penetration, respectively. AT/Dox/SFN effectively inhibits in vivo MCF-7/Adr tumors at a low dosage (1/5) of doxorubicin (Dox) as compared to free Dox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Chen
- Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Medical Physics, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinye Ni
- Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Medical Physics, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
- Corresponding author. Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Shin GR, Kim HE, Ju HJ, Kim JH, Choi S, Choi HS, Kim MS. Injectable click-crosslinked hydrogel containing resveratrol to improve the therapeutic effect in triple negative breast cancer. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100386. [PMID: 35991627 PMCID: PMC9386493 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients are considered intractable, as this disease has few effective treatments and a very poor prognosis even in its early stages. Here, intratumoral therapy with resveratrol (Res), which has anticancer and metastasis inhibitory effects, was proposed for the effective treatment of TNBC. An injectable Res-loaded click-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (Res-Cx-HA) hydrogel was designed and intratumorally injected to generate a Res-Cx-HA depot inside the tumor. The Res-Cx-HA formulation exhibited good injectability into the tumor tissue, quick depot formation inside the tumor, and the depot remained inside the injected tumor for extended periods. In vivo formed Res-Cx-HA depots sustained Res inside the tumor for extended periods. More importantly, the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of Res remained almost exclusively within the tumor and not in other organs. Intratumoral injection of Res-Cx-HA in animal models resulted in significant negative tumor growth rates (i.e., the tumor volume decreased over time) coupled with large apoptotic cells and limited angiogenesis in tumors. Therefore, Res-Cx-HA intratumoral injection is a promising way to treat TNBC patients with high efficacy and minimal adverse effects. Intratumoral injection was developed for treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Injectable formulation exhibited good injectability, quick depot formation. The formed depot remained inside the injected tumor for extended periods. Bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of Res inside tumor were improved. In vivo formed depots resulted in significant negative cancer growth.
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13
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Preparation and application of pH-responsive drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2022; 348:206-238. [PMID: 35660634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironment-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) can achieve targeted drug delivery, reduce drug side effects and improve drug efficacies. Among them, pH-responsive DDSs have gained popularity since the pH in the diseased tissues such as cancer, bacterial infection and inflammation differs from a physiological pH of 7.4 and this difference could be harnessed for DDSs to release encapsulated drugs specifically to these diseased tissues. A variety of synthetic approaches have been developed to prepare pH-sensitive DDSs, including introduction of a variety of pH-sensitive chemical bonds or protonated/deprotonated chemical groups. A myriad of nano DDSs have been explored to be pH-responsive, including liposomes, micelles, hydrogels, dendritic macromolecules and organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles, and micron level microspheres. The prodrugs from drug-loaded pH-sensitive nano DDSs have been applied in research on anticancer therapy and diagnosis of cancer, inflammation, antibacterial infection, and neurological diseases. We have systematically summarized synthesis strategies of pH-stimulating DDSs, illustrated commonly used and recently developed nanocarriers for these DDSs and covered their potential in different biomedical applications, which may spark new ideas for the development and application of pH-sensitive nano DDSs.
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14
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Current Nano-Strategies to Target Tumor Microenvironment to Improve Anti-Tumor efficiency. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Ji DK, Dali H, Guo S, Malaganahally S, Vollaire J, Josserand V, Dumortier H, Ménard-Moyon C, Bianco A. Multifunctional Carbon Nanodots: Enhanced Near‐Infrared Photosensitizing, Photothermal Activity, and Body Clearance. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Kun Ji
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg, ISIS Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Hayet Dali
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg, ISIS Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Shi Guo
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg, ISIS Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Sowmya Malaganahally
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg, ISIS Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Julien Vollaire
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg, ISIS Strasbourg 67000 France
- Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences, INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR-5309, Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Véronique Josserand
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg, ISIS Strasbourg 67000 France
- Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences, INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR-5309, Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Hélène Dumortier
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg, ISIS Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg, ISIS Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg, ISIS Strasbourg 67000 France
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16
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Wang Z, Xu FJ, Yu B. Smart Polymeric Delivery System for Antitumor and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:783354. [PMID: 34805129 PMCID: PMC8599151 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.783354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted tremendous attention in the antitumor and antimicrobial areas. To enhance the water solubility of photosensitizers and facilitate their accumulation in the tumor/infection site, polymeric materials are frequently explored as delivery systems, which are expected to show target and controllable activation of photosensitizers. This review introduces the smart polymeric delivery systems for the PDT of tumor and bacterial infections. In particular, strategies that are tumor/bacteria targeted or activatable by the tumor/bacteria microenvironment such as enzyme/pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS) are summarized. The similarities and differences of polymeric delivery systems in antitumor and antimicrobial PDT are compared. Finally, the potential challenges and perspectives of those polymeric delivery systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bingran Yu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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17
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Yu W, Hu C, Gao H. Advances of nanomedicines in breast cancer metastasis treatment targeting different metastatic stages. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113909. [PMID: 34352354 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women, and the metastasis further increases the malignancy with extremely high mortality. However, there is almost no effective method in the clinic to completely inhibit breast cancer metastasis due to the dynamic multistep process with complex pathways and scattered occurring site. Nowadays, nanomedicines have been evidenced with great potential in treating cancer metastasis. In this review, we summarize the latest research advances of nanomedicines in anti-metastasis treatment. Strategies are categorized according to the metastasis dynamics, including primary tumor, circulating tumor cells, pre-metastatic niches and secondary tumor. In each different stage of metastasis process, nanomedicines are designed specifically with different functions. At the end of the review, we give our perspectives on current limitations and future directions in anti-metastasis therapy. We expect the review provides comprehensive understandings of anti-metastasis therapy for breast cancer, and boosts the clinical translation in the future to improve women's health.
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18
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Zhao L, Song X, Ouyang X, Zhou J, Li J, Deng D. Bioinspired Virus-like Fe 3O 4/Au@C Nanovector for Programmable Drug Delivery via Hierarchical Targeting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49631-49641. [PMID: 34636534 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired strategies have recently emerged as novel approaches for designing a functionalized nanovector with enhanced tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy. Herein, a virus-like Fe3O4/Au@C nanovector is described for programmable drug delivery via hierarchical targeting. Specifically, the virus-like Fe3O4/Au@C nanovector is synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process, and then the spiky surface of which is camouflaged via doxorubicin (DOX)-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG), constructing an innovative virus-like core/spherical shell biomimetic nanomedicine (Fe3O4/Au@C-DOX-PEG), which is conducive to improve bioavailability and reduce adverse effects. After systemic administration, the as-prepared nanomedicine is capable of facilitating effective tumor accumulation and deep tumor penetration with the assistance of an external magnetic field and endogenous pH stimuli. Simultaneously, in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment, Fe3O4/Au@C-DOX nanocomposites are released and exhibit excellent performance in cellular internalization through a virus-mimetic rough surface. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments identify that the unique nanomedicine is bestowed with an effective targeting tumor, prominent antitumor efficacy, and reduced systemic toxicity. Such a bioinspired hierarchical targeting nanoplatform holds promising potential for enhanced chemotherapeutic intracellular delivery and tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xueliang Ouyang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiahong Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dawei Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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19
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Xin L, Gao J, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Lv S, Zhao Z, Yu C, Yang X, Zhang R. Fibroblast Activation Protein-α as a Target in the Bench-to-Bedside Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumors: A Narrative Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648187. [PMID: 34490078 PMCID: PMC8416977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is a type II integral serine protease that is specifically expressed by activated fibroblasts. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor stroma have an abundant and stable expression of FAP, which plays an important role in promoting tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression. For example, in females with a high incidence of breast cancer, CAFs account for 50–70% of the cells in the tumor’s microenvironment. CAF overexpression of FAP promotes tumor development and metastasis by influencing extracellular matrix remodeling, intracellular signaling, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and immunosuppression. This review discusses the basic biological characteristics of FAP and its applications in the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. We review the emerging basic and clinical research data regarding the use of nanomaterials that target FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ziliang Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiyou Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuxin Lv
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunhai Yu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaotang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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20
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Li X, Yu L, Zhang C, Niu X, Sun M, Yan Z, Wang W, Yuan Z. Tumor acid microenvironment-activated self-targeting & splitting gold nanoassembly for tumor chemo-radiotherapy. Bioact Mater 2021; 7:377-388. [PMID: 34466739 PMCID: PMC8379383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low accumulation and penetration of nanomedicines in tumor severely reduce therapeutic efficacy. Herein, a pH-responsive gold nanoassembly is designed to overcome these problems. Polyethylene glycol linked raltitrexed (RTX, target ligand and chemotherapy drug) and two tertiary amine molecules (1-(2-aminoethyl) pyrrolidine and N,N-dibutylethylenediamine) are modified on the surface of the 6-nm gold nanoparticles by lipoic acid to form gold nanoassembly defined as Au-NNP(RTX). The Au-NNP (RTX) nanoassembly could remain at about 160 nm at the blood circulation (pH 7.4), while split into 6-nm gold nanoparticles due to tertiary amine protonation at tumor extracellular pH (pH 6.8). This pH-responsive disassembly behavior endows Au-NNP(RTX) better tumor tissue permeability through the better diffusion brought by the size reduction. Meanwhile, after disassembly, more RTXs on the surface of gold nanoparticles are exposed from the shielded state of assembly along with 2.25-fold augment of cellular uptake capability. Most importantly, the results show that Au-NNP(RTX) possesses of high tumor accumulation and effective tumor penetration, thereby enhancing the tumor chemo-radiotherapy efficiency. A pH-responsive self-targeting & splitting gold nanoassembly is fabricated. The nanoassembly holds better tumor tissue permeability by the size reduction. The nanoassembly enhances targeting capability by ligand shielding and exposure. Clever design endows the system synergistic effect of chemo-radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Licheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chuangnian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Biomedical Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaoyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zichao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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21
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Wu Y, Zhong D, Li Y, Wu H, Zhang H, Mao H, Yang J, Luo K, Gong Q, Gu Z. A tumor-activatable peptide supramolecular nanoplatform for the delivery of dual-gene targeted siRNAs for drug-resistant cancer treatment. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4887-4898. [PMID: 33625408 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial short interference RNA (siRNA) technology for the silencing of multiple genes is expected to provide an effective therapeutic approach for cancer with complex genetic mutation and dysregulation. Herein we present a tumor-activatable supramolecular nanoplatform for the delivery of siRNAs to target telomerase and telomeres for paclitaxel-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer (A549/PTX) treatment. Two different sequences of siRNA are incorporated in a single nanoparticle, which is obtained by self-assembly from a peptide dendrimer. The siRNA stability is improved by the nanoparticle in the presence of serum compared to free siRNA, and these siRNAs are protected from RNA enzyme degradation. In the tumor extracellular acid environment, the PEG corona of the nanoparticle is removed to promote the internalization of siRNAs into tumor cells. The disulfide linkages between the nanoparticle and siRNAs are cleared in the reductive environment of the tumor cells, and the siRNAs are released in the cytoplasm. In vitro experiments show that the gene expression of hTERT and TRF2 at the mRNA and protein levels of A549/PTX tumor cells is down-regulated, which results in cooperative restraining proliferation and invasion of A549/PTX tumor cells. For the tumor cell-targeting function of the MUC1 aptamer and the EPR effect, sufficient tumor accumulation of nanoparticles was observed. Meanwhile, a shift of negative surface charge of nanoparticles to positive charge in the tumor extracellular microenvironment enhances deep penetration of siRNA-incorporating nanoparticles into tumor tissues. In vivo animal studies support that successful down-regulation of hTERT and TRF2 gene expression achieves effective inhibition of the growth and neovascularization of drug-resistant tumor cells. This work has provided a new avenue for drug-resistant cancer treatment by designing and synthesizing a tumor-activatable nanoplatform to achieve the delivery of dual-gene targeted combinatorial siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Dan Zhong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Yunkun Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Huayu Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, CA 91711, USA
| | - Hongli Mao
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China. and Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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22
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Yunna C, Mengru H, Fengling W, Lei W, Weidong C. Emerging strategies against tumor-associated fibroblast for improved the penetration of nanoparticle into desmoplastic tumor. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:75-83. [PMID: 33991610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of nanoparticles is limited in solid tumors, especially desmoplastic tumors, because the tumor matrix hinders the delivery of nanoparticles. As the most abundant cells in the tumor stroma, tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) produce a dense extracellular matrix, which leads to higher tissue fluid pressure, thereby creating a physical barrier for nanoparticle delivery. Therefore, researchers focused on eliminating TAFs to combat desmoplastic tumors. In recent years, a series of methods for TAFs have been developed. In this paper, we first introduced the biological mechanism of TAFs hindering the penetration of nanoparticles. Then, the different methods of eliminating TAFs were summarized, and the mechanism of nanomedicine in eliminating TAFs was highlighted. Finally, the problems and future development directions for TAFs treatment were discussed from the perspective of the treatment of desmoplastic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yunna
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Hu Mengru
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Wang Fengling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Wang Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.
| | - Chen Weidong
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.
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23
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Cao D, He H, Li W, Yan J, Wu J, Yin M, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Yin L. A near-infrared light-controlled, oxygen-independent radical generating nano-system toward cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4054-4065. [PMID: 33908463 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00084e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tumor treatment based on free radicals is often inefficient in hypoxic tumors, mainly because of the oxygen-dependent generation mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, we report an NIR laser-controlled nano-system that is capable of generating alkyl radicals in situ in an oxygen-independent approach. Hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles (HPB NPs) were developed to co-encapsulate the azo initiator (AIBI) and 1-tetradecanol as the phase change material (PCM, melting point of ∼39 °C), obtaining the AP@HPB NPs. At normal body temperature, the PCM remained in the solid state to prevent the pre-leakage of AIBI. Upon NIR laser irradiation (808 nm) at the tumor site, AP@HPB NPs generated heat upon photothermal conversion, which melted the PCM to release AIBI and decomposed AIBI to produce toxicity free alkyl radicals under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The alkyl free radicals efficiently killed tumor cells by causing oxidative stress and damaging DNA. Meanwhile, NIR light-induced hyperthermia cooperated with free radicals to efficiently eradicate tumors. This study therefore provides a promising strategy toward oxygen-independent free radical therapy, especially for the treatment of hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Tsai MF, Lo YL, Soorni Y, Su CH, Sivasoorian SS, Yang JY, Wang LF. Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Drug Release from Ultraviolet- and Redox-Responsive Polymersome Encapsulated with Core–Shell Upconversion Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3264-3275. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fong Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Lo
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yugendhar Soorni
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Siva Sankari Sivasoorian
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yen Yang
- National Nano Device Laboratories, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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25
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Wang Y, Li S, Wang X, Chen Q, He Z, Luo C, Sun J. Smart transformable nanomedicines for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120737. [PMID: 33690103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite that great progression has been made in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (nano-DDS), multiple drug delivery dilemmas still impair the delivery efficiency of nanomedicines. Rational design of smart transformable nano-DDS based on the in vivo drug delivery process represents a promising strategy for overcoming delivery obstacle of nano-DDS. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing smart transformable anticancer nanomedicines. Herein, we provide a review to outline the advances in this emerging field. First, smart size-reducible nanoparticles (NPs) for deep tumor penetration are summarized, including carrier degradation-induced, protonation-triggered and photobleaching-induced size reduction. Second, emerging transformable nanostructures for various therapeutic applications are discussed, including prolonging tumor retention, reversing drug-resistance, inhibiting tumor metastasis, preventing tumor recurrence and non-pharmaceutical therapy. Third, shell-detachable nanocarriers are introduced, focusing on chemical bonds breaking-initiated, charge repulsion-mediated and exogenous stimuli-triggered shell detachment approaches. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges of transformable nanomedicines in clinical cancer therapy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuequan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Shumeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, PR China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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26
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Wu S, Liu D, Li W, Song B, Chen C, Chen D, Hu H. Enhancing TNBC Chemo-immunotherapy via combination reprogramming tumor immune microenvironment with Immunogenic Cell Death. Int J Pharm 2021; 598:120333. [PMID: 33540008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) play an important role in tumor progression and therapeutic response, especially in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To remodel immunosuppressive TME of 4T1 tumor, we developed a nano liposome to deliver silybin (SLN, an anti-liver fibrosis Chinese Traditional Medicine). Liposomal silybin (SLN/LIP) possessed a spherical shape with particle sizes of 75.2 nm, high stability, and good accumulation in the tumor site. After treated with SLN/LIP, α-SMA positive TAFs and the deposition of stroma were decreased significantly. SLN/LIP also changed the tumor immune microenvironment through the increase of IFN-γ and IL-12, as well as reduced of TGF-β, SDF-1, IL6 and TNF-α. Importantly, SLN/LIP enhanced the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and transformed a "cold" tumor into a "hot" tumor. To achieve the higher antitumor efficacy, an immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer, liposomal doxorubicin (DOX/LIP) was combined with SLN/LIP. The combination treatment led to trigger immunogenic tumor apoptosis, and enhance antitumor immunity, therefore, improved anti-tumor efficiency, and further prolonged survival duration. The combination of liposomal silybin and liposomal doxorubicin might be a new chemo-immunotherapy approach for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Wenpan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Baohui Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Xu Z, Huang H, Xiong X, Wei X, Guo X, Zhao J, Zhou S. A near-infrared light-responsive extracellular vesicle as a "Trojan horse" for tumor deep penetration and imaging-guided therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120647. [PMID: 33450584 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
How to make the nanoparticles evade immune surveillance and deeply penetrate the tumor tissues is of great importance to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines. Here, a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive extracellular vesicle as a nanoplatform is developed to realize long circulation in blood, deep penetration in tumor tissues and rapid body elimination after the treatment. Like a "Trojan horse", the nanoplatform is obtained by hiding the anti-tumor soldiers (DOX and 4.2 nm Ag2S quantum dots (QDs)) into the macrophage cell-secreted vesicle through electroporation. The natural composition and tumor targeting activity of the extracellular vesicles enable the nanoplatform to achieve a high accumulation in tumor and the in vivo biodistribution can be monitored by NIR fluorescence imaging of the Ag2S QDs. After the nanomedicines accumulate at the tumor sites, the soldiers will be released from the "Trojan horse" by utilizing the NIR photothermal effect of the Ag2S QDs. The released ultrasmall QDs and DOX can penetrate the whole tumor with a diameter of about 9 mm and effectively kill the tumor cells. Moreover, the inorganic QDs can be rapidly excreted from the body through renal clearance after the treatment to avoid the potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China
| | - Huabei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China
| | - Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China
| | - Jingya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
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