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Guirguis N, Bertrand AX, Rose CF, Matoori S. 175 Years of Bilirubin Testing: Ready for Point-of-Care? Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203380. [PMID: 37035945 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin was first detected in blood in 1847 and since then has become one of the most widely used biomarkers for liver disease. Clinical routine bilirubin testing is performed at the hospital laboratory, and the gold standard colorimetric test is prone to interferences. The absence of a bedside test for bilirubin delays critical clinical decisions for patients with liver disease. This clinical care gap has motivated the development of a new generation of bioengineered point-of-care bilirubin assays. In this Perspective, recently developed bilirubin assays are critically discussed, and their translational potential evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Guirguis
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Christopher F Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Simon Matoori
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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Guirguis N, Machuca-Parra AI, Matoori S. Portable Near-Infrared Fluorometer for a Liposomal Blood Lactate Assay. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:907-912. [PMID: 37325442 PMCID: PMC10262319 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In sepsis, plasma lactate is a key biomarker of disease severity, prognosis, and treatment success. However, the median time to result for clinical lactate tests is 3 h. We recently reported a near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) blood lactate assay that relies on a two-step enzymatic reaction in a liposomal reaction compartment. This assay was optimized in human blood and was capable of quantifying lactate in fresh capillary blood from human volunteers at clinically relevant concentrations in 2 min. However, these studies were performed with a tabletop fluorescence plate reader. For translation to the point of care, the liposomal lactate assay needs to be combined with a small portable NIR fluorometer. Portable NIR fluorometers were successfully used for the analysis of skin and soil samples, but reports for blood metabolite assays are scarce. We aimed at testing the performance of the liposomal lactate assay in combination with a commercial small portable NIR fluorometer. First, we tested the fluorophore of the liposomal lactate assay using the NIR dye sulfo-cyanine 7; we observed strong fluorescence signals and high linearity. Second, we performed the liposomal lactate assay in lactate-spiked human arterial blood using the portable fluorometer as the detector and observed strong and highly linear lactate sensing at clinically relevant lactate concentrations after 2 min. Finally, spiking fresh mouse blood with three clinically relevant lactate concentrations led to a significantly different response to all three concentrations after 5 min. These results highlight the usefulness of the tested portable NIR fluorometer for the liposomal lactate assay and motivate a clinical evaluation of this rapid and easy-to-use lactate assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Guirguis
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Arturo Israel Machuca-Parra
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Simon Matoori
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Matoori S. Vesicular Diagnostics: A Spotlight on Lactate- and Ammonia-Sensing Systems. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1315-1322. [PMID: 36917016 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are a highly successful drug delivery system with over 15 FDA-approved formulations. Beyond delivering drugs, lipid and polymer vesicles have successfully been used for diagnostic applications. These applications range from more traditional uses, such as releasing diagnostic agents in a controlled manner, to leveraging the unique membrane properties to separate analytes and provide isolated reaction compartments in complex biological matrices. In this Spotlight on Applications, I highlight the complexities in the development and translation of diagnostic vesicles with two case studies, a liposomal reaction compartment for lactate sensing and a transmembrane pH-gradient polymersome for ammonia sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Matoori
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Xu X, Xu R, Hou S, Kang Z, Lü C, Wang Q, Zhang W, Wang X, Xu P, Gao C, Ma C. A Selective Fluorescent l-Lactate Biosensor Based on an l-Lactate-Specific Transcription Regulator and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1111. [PMID: 36551077 PMCID: PMC9775004 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Selective detection of l-lactate levels in foods, clinical, and bacterial fermentation samples has drawn intensive attention. Many fluorescent biosensors based on non-stereoselective recognition elements have been developed for lactate detection. Herein, the allosteric transcription factor STLldR from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 was identified to be stereo-selectively respond to l-lactate. Then, STLldR was combined with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to construct a fluorescent l-lactate biosensor FILLac. FILLac was further optimized by truncating the N- and C-terminal amino acids of STLldR between cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins. The optimized biosensor FILLac10N0C exhibited a maximum emission ratio change (ΔRmax) of 33.47 ± 1.91%, an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 6.33 ± 0.79 μM, and a limit of detection of 0.68 μM. FILLac10N0C was applied in 96-well microplates to detect l-lactate in bacterial fermentation samples and commercial foods such as Jiaosu and yogurt. The quantitation results of FILLac10N0C exhibited good agreement with that of a commercial l-lactate biosensor SBA-40D bioanalyzer. Thus, the biosensor FILLac10N0C compatible with high-throughput detection may be a potential choice for quantitation of l-lactate in different biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Rong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhaoqi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Fu T, Stupnitskaia P, Matoori S. Next-Generation Diagnostic Wound Dressings for Diabetic Wounds. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:377-384. [PMID: 36785663 PMCID: PMC9885997 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lower extremity wounds (diabetic foot ulcers) are a serious and prevalent complication of diabetes. These wounds exhibit low healing rates and present a high risk of amputation. Current diagnostic options for foot ulcers are limited to macroscopic wound analysis such as wound depth, implicated tissues, and infection. Molecular diagnostics promises to improve foot ulcer diagnosis, staging, and assessment of the treatment response. In this perspective, we report recent progress in understanding the pathophysiology of diabetic wound healing and point to recently emerged novel molecular targets for wound diagnostics. We discuss selected diagnostic wound dressings under preclinical development that detect one or several inflammatory markers, bacterial secretions, hyperglycemia, and mechanical stress. We also highlight key translational challenges of investigational diagnostic bandages for diabetic foot ulcers.
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