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Park S, Rahaman KA, Kim YC, Jeon H, Han HS. Fostering tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to treat musculoskeletal disorders in bone and muscle. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:345-365. [PMID: 38978804 PMCID: PMC11228556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system, which is vital for movement, support, and protection, can be impaired by disorders such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and muscular dystrophy. This review focuses on the advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, specifically aimed at alleviating these disorders. It explores the roles of cell therapy, particularly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs), biomaterials, and biomolecules/external stimulations in fostering bone and muscle regeneration. The current research underscores the potential of MSCs and ADSCs despite the persistent challenges of cell scarcity, inconsistent outcomes, and safety concerns. Moreover, integrating exogenous materials such as scaffolds and external stimuli like electrical stimulation and growth factors shows promise in enhancing musculoskeletal regeneration. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive studies and adopting innovative techniques together to refine and advance these multi-therapeutic strategies, ultimately benefiting patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Park
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Khandoker Asiqur Rahaman
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Zhang L, Ma M, Li J, Qiao K, Xie Y, Zheng Y. Stimuli-responsive microcarriers and their application in tissue repair: A review of magnetic and electroactive microcarrier. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:147-162. [PMID: 38808158 PMCID: PMC11130597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Microcarrier applications have made great advances in tissue engineering in recent years, which can load cells, drugs, and bioactive factors. These microcarriers can be minimally injected into the defect to help reconstruct a good microenvironment for tissue repair. In order to achieve more ideal performance and face more complex tissue damage, an increasing amount of effort has been focused on microcarriers that can actively respond to external stimuli. These microcarriers have the functions of directional movement, targeted enrichment, material release control, and providing signals conducive to tissue repair. Given the high controllability and designability of magnetic and electroactive microcarriers, the research progress of these microcarriers is highlighted in this review. Their structure, function and applications, potential tissue repair mechanisms, and challenges are discussed. In summary, through the design with clinical translation ability, meaningful and comprehensive experimental characterization, and in-depth study and application of tissue repair mechanisms, stimuli-responsive microcarriers have great potential in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiYang Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Ma
- Beijing Wanjie Medical Device Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Junfei Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Beijing Gerecov Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Xie
- Beijing Gerecov Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Xue P, Xi H, Tan X, Chen H, Peng C, Sun G, Ye Y, Jiang X, Liu X, Du B. Near-Infrared Responsive Properties of Bone Repair Scaffolds Facilitated by Specific Osteoinductive Photothermal Converters for Highly Efficient Bone Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38985579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The effective repair of bone defects has long been a major challenge in clinical practice. Currently, research efforts mostly focus on achieving sufficiently good bone repair, with little attention paid to achieving both good and fast repair. However, achieving highly efficient (H-efficient) bone repair, which is both good and fast, can shorten the treatment cycle and facilitate rapid patient recovery. Therefore, the development of a H-efficient bone repair material is of significant importance. This study incorporated the previously developed osteoinductive photothermal agent (PTA) BPICT into printing paste to prepare a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive BPICT scaffold. Subsequently, the effects of photothermal therapy (PTT) on bone repair and drug release were assessed in vitro. To further validate the H-efficient bone repair properties of the BPICT scaffold, the scaffold was implanted into bone defects and its ability to promote bone repair in vivo was evaluated through radiology and histopathological analysis. The results indicated that compared to scaffolds containing only Icaritin (ICT), the BPICT scaffold can achieve PTT to promote bone repair through NIR irradiation, while also enabling the controlled release of ICT from the scaffold to enhance bone repair. Within the same observation period, the BPICT scaffold achieves more efficient bone repair than the ICT scaffold, significantly shortening the bone repair cycle while ensuring the effectiveness of bone repair. Therefore, the NIR-responsive scaffold based on PTT-mediated controlled release of bone growth factors represents a feasible solution for promoting H-efficient bone repair in the area of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Hongzhong Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoxue Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chenjian Peng
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Guangquan Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Youqing Ye
- International Chinese-Belorussian Scientific Laboratory on Vacuum-Plasma Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Huang B, Li S, Dai S, Lu X, Wang P, Li X, Zhao Z, Wang Q, Li N, Wen J, Liu Y, Wang X, Man Z, Li W, Liu B. Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Decorated 3D-Printed Ceramic Scaffolds for Enhancing Osteogenesis by Spatiotemporally Orchestrating Inflammatory and Bone Repair Responses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400229. [PMID: 38973266 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play a central role in coordinating biomaterial-mediated tissue regeneration. However, precise modulation of dynamic variations in microenvironmental inflammation post-implantation remains challenging. In this study, the traditional β-tricalcium phosphate-based scaffold is remodeled via ultrathin MXene-Ti3C2 decoration and Zn2+/Sr2+ ion-substitution, endowing the scaffold with excellent reactive oxygen species-scavenging ability, near-infrared responsivity, and enhanced mechanical properties. The induction of mild hyperthermia around the implant via periodic near-infrared irradiation facilitates spatiotemporal regulation of inflammatory cytokines secreted by a spectrum of macrophage phenotypes. The process initially amplifies the pro-inflammatory response, then accelerates M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization transition, yielding a satisfactory pattern of osteo-immunomodulation during the natural bone healing process. Later, sustained release of Zn2+/Sr2+ ions with gradual degradation of the 3D scaffold maintains the favorable reparative M2-dominated immunological microenvironment that supports new bone mineralization. Precise temporal immunoregulation of the bone healing process by the intelligent 3D scaffold enhances bone regeneration in a rat cranial defect model. This strategy paves the way for the application of β-tricalcium phosphate-based materials to guide the dynamic inflammatory and bone tissue responses toward a favorable outcome, making clinical treatment more predictable and durable. The findings also demonstrate that near-infrared irradiation-derived mild hyperthermia is a promising method of immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzhao Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
| | - Shishuo Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Shimin Dai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Zhentao Man
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, P. R. China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
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Sun X, Li Z, Wang X, He J, Wu Y. Inorganic Phosphate as "Bioenergetic Messenger" Triggers M2-Type Macrophage Polarization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306062. [PMID: 38247159 PMCID: PMC10987138 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The effects of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials on macrophage polarization state vary with their physicochemical properties. The study aims to elucidate the impact of phosphate ion-mediated energy metabolism on M2 macrophage polarization and the corresponding regulatory mechanism. The phosphate ions released from CaP ceramic as bioenergetic factor is identified; its concentration is closely associated with the polarized state. After being taken up by the sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1, extracellular phosphate ions produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation by facilitating tricarboxylic acid flux, thereby contributing to M2 macrophage polarization. Further mechanistic analysis reveals that the elevation of the bioenergetic basis can drive macrophage M2 polarization via the AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK-mTOR) axis. Another regulatory effect is that of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a signaling molecule. Intracellular ATP is released into the extracellular space and degraded to adenosine, which serves as a signaling molecule through the A2b adenosine receptor to activate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway, thereby promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Overall, these findings may transform the existing knowledge on cell metabolism and energy homeostasis from bystanders to pivotal factors guiding M2 macrophage polarization and have implications for the future design of biomimetic CaP scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064P. R. China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064P. R. China
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Hu K, Shang Z, Yang X, Zhang Y, Cao L. Macrophage Polarization and the Regulation of Bone Immunity in Bone Homeostasis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3563-3580. [PMID: 37636272 PMCID: PMC10460180 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s423819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium state of bone formation and absorption, ensuring skeletal development and repair. Bone immunity encompasses all aspects of the intersection between the skeletal and immune systems, including various signaling pathways, cytokines, and the crosstalk between immune cells and bone cells under both homeostatic and pathological conditions. Therefore, as key cell types in bone immunity, macrophages can polarize into classical pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and alternative anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages under the influence of the body environment, participating in the regulation of bone metabolism and playing various roles in bone homeostasis. M1 macrophages can not only act as precursors of osteoclasts (OCs), differentiate into mature OCs, but also secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines to promote bone resorption; while M2 macrophages secrete osteogenic factors, stimulating the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast precursors and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and subsequently increase bone formation. Once the polarization of macrophages is imbalanced, the resulting immune dysregulation will cause inflammatory stimulation, and release a large amount of inflammatory factors affecting bone metabolism, leading to pathological conditions such as osteoporosis (OP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and steroid-induced femoral head necrosis (SANFH). In this review, we introduce the signaling pathways and related factors of macrophage polarization, as well as their relationships with immune factors, OB, OC, and MSC. We also discuss the roles of macrophage polarization and bone immunity in various diseases of bone homeostasis imbalance, as well as the factors regulating them, which may help to develop new methods for treating bone metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyi Hu
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengya Shang
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Yang
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linzhong Cao
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Wilson HM. Modulation of macrophages by biophysical cues in health and beyond. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad013. [PMID: 38567062 PMCID: PMC10917218 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in tissue development and homeostasis, innate immune defence against microbes or tumours, and restoring homeostasis through tissue regeneration following infection or injury. The ability to adopt such diverse functions is due to their heterogeneous nature, which is driven largely by their developmental origin and their response to signals they encounter from the microenvironment. The most well-characterized signals driving macrophage phenotype and function are biochemical and metabolic. However, the way macrophages sense and respond to their extracellular biophysical environment is becoming increasingly recognized in the field of mechano-immunology. These biophysical cues can be signals from tissue components, such as the composition and charge of extracellular matrix or topography, elasticity, and stiffness of the tissue surrounding cells; and mechanical forces such as shear stress or stretch. Macrophages are important in determining whether a disease resolves or becomes chronic. Ageing and diseases such as cancer or fibrotic disorders are associated with significant changes in the tissue biophysical environment, and this provides signals that integrate with those from biochemical and metabolic stimuli to ultimately dictate the overall function of macrophages. This review provides a brief overview of macrophage polarization, followed by a selection of commonly recognized physiological and applied biophysical stimuli impacting macrophage activity, and the potential signalling mechanisms driving downstream responses. The effects of biophysical cues on macrophages' function in homeostasis and disease and the associated clinical implications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Wilson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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