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Hattori T, Yamamoto H. Peptide Bond Formation Between Unprotected Amino Acids: Convergent Synthesis of Oligopeptides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25738-25744. [PMID: 39229861 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
In the history of peptide chemical synthesis, amino acid-protecting groups have become basic, essential, and common moieties. As the use of protecting groups for amino acids effectively suppresses unwanted side reactions and enables the desired reaction to proceed selectively, their use continues regardless of the complexities of the protection processes and the waste generated by the deprotection residues. We developed peptide bond formation between unprotected amino acids to form silacyclic dipeptides. This is the first report of the proceeding cross-condensation between an unprotected amino acid and another unprotected amino acid. The selectivity, reaction yields, and purity of the products were satisfactory. In addition, we demonstrated further elongation of these compounds and achieved convergent synthesis with peptide-peptide elongation without the use of coupling reagents. Thus, these methods showed the potential to unlock a new, more efficient synthetic path toward polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hattori
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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2
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Chen TH, Ando A, Shamoto O, Fuse S. Effect of Brønsted Acids on the Activation of Mixed Anhydride/Mixed Carbonic Anhydride and C-Terminal-Free N-Methylated Peptide Synthesis in a Micro-Flow Reactor. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401402. [PMID: 38719730 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Amidations employing mixed (carbonic) anhydrides have long been favoured in peptide synthesis because of their cost-effectiveness and less waste generation. Despite their long history, no study has compared the effects of additives on the activation of mixed anhydrides and carbonic anhydrides. In this study, we investigated the amidation of mixed (carbonic) anhydride in the presence of a base and/or Brønsted acids. The use of NMI⋅HCl significantly improved the conversion of the mixed carbonic anhydride, while expediting nucleophilic attacks on the desired carbonyl group. In contrast, in the case of mixed anhydrides, neither the conversion nor the desired nucleophilic attack improved significantly. We developed a C-terminus-free N-methylated peptide synthesis method using mixed carbonic anhydrides in a micro-flow reactor. Fourteen N-alkylated peptides were synthesized in moderate to high yields (55-99 %) without severe racemization (<1 %). Additionally, a significant enhancement in the amidation between mixed carbonic anhydrides and bis-TMS-protected N-methyl amino acids with the inclusion of NMI⋅HCl was observed for the first time. In addition, we observed unexpected C-terminal epimerization of the C-terminus-free N-methyl peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ho Chen
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Otoka Shamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fuse
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Hattori T, Yamamoto H. Trimethylaluminum-mediated one-pot peptide elongation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5795-5801. [PMID: 37265739 PMCID: PMC10231425 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient and straightforward peptide bond formation of N-, and C-terminal unprotected amino acids was successfully achieved by using trimethylaluminum. The coupling reaction was accomplished by pre-reaction of N-, and C-terminal unprotected amino acids and trimethylaluminum to form a five-membered ring that smoothly reacted with nucleophilic amino acid esters. This simple and highly efficient reaction system allows one-pot tripeptide synthesis without the need for expensive coupling reagents. Furthermore, peptide bond formation can be effectively achieved even for amino acids with bulky substituents at the side chain to afford the corresponding tripeptides in high yields in a one-pot manner. In addition, the reaction can be applied for further peptide elongation by the subsequent addition of amino acids and trimethylaluminum. We anticipate that this cost-effective, straightforward, and efficient protocol will be useful for the synthesis of a wide variety of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hattori
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan
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Hattori T, Yamamoto H. Synthesis of Silacyclic Dipeptides: Peptide Elongation at Both N- and C-Termini of Dipeptide. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1758-1765. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hattori
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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Dai Y, Yue N, Huang W, Qian H. Fragment synthesis of disulfide-containing peptides. MethodsX 2020; 7:100945. [PMID: 32577409 PMCID: PMC7303597 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Fuse S, Masuda K, Otake Y, Nakamura H. Peptide‐Chain Elongation Using Unprotected Amino Acids in a Micro‐Flow Reactor. Chemistry 2019; 25:15091-15097. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuse
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Koshiro Masuda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yuma Otake
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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Huang SC, Wang PW, Kuo PC, Hung HY, Pan TL. Hepatoprotective Principles and Other Chemical Constituents from the Mycelium of Phellinus linteus. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071705. [PMID: 30002357 PMCID: PMC6099599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic fibrosis Wistar rat model, the mycelium extract of Phellinus linteus (PLE) (20 mg/Kg) displayed significant protection against hepatic fibrosis. The present investigation characterized eleven new ionone derivatives, phellinulins D–N (4–14), from the P. linteus mycelium extract and the relative stereochemical structures were constructed according to the spectroscopic and spectrometric analytical results. Some purified compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects on activated rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and several isolates did exhibit significant protection. The results indicated that the mycelium of P. linteus could be explored as a hepatoprotective drug or healthy food candidate in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiow-Chyn Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Heterocycles Incorporating a Pentacoordinated, Hypervalent Phosphorus Atom. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Chiral Hypervalent, Pentacoordinated Phosphoranes. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111573. [PMID: 27879636 PMCID: PMC6274329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents synthetic procedures applied to the preparation of chiral (mainly optically active) pentacoordinated, hypervalent mono and bicyclic phosphoranes. The mechanisms of their stereoisomerization and their selected interconversions are also presented.
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Han DX, Wang HY, Ji ZL, Hu AF, Zhao YF. Amino acid homochirality may be linked to the origin of phosphate-based life. J Mol Evol 2010; 70:572-82. [PMID: 20506019 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-010-9353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation has to have been one of the key events in prebiotic evolution on earth. In this article, the emergence of phosphoryl amino acid 5'-nucleosides having a P-N bond is described as a model of the origin of amino acid homochirality and Genetic Code. It is proposed that the intramolecular interaction between the nucleotide base and the amino acid side-chain influences the stability of particular amino acid 5'-nucleotides, and the interaction also selects for the chirality of amino acids. The differences between L: - and D: -conformation energies (DeltaE (conf)) are evaluated by DFT methods at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. Although, as expected, these DeltaE (conf) values are not large, they do give differences in energy that can distinguish the chirality of amino acids. Based on our calculations, the chiral selection of the earliest amino acids for L: -enantiomers seems to be determined by a clear stereochemical/physicochemical relationship. As later amino acids developed from the earliest amino acids, we deduce that the chirality of these late amino acids was inherited from that of the early amino acids. This idea reaches far back into evolution, and we hope that it will guide further experiments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xiong Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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