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Takemoto K, Tsurugi-Sakurada A, Moriuchi R, Yoneda Y, Kawai S. Cloning and characterization of NADPH-dependent double-bond reductases from Alnus sieboldiana that recognize linear diarylheptanoids as substrates. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 215:113850. [PMID: 37659705 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Diarylheptanoids are secondary metabolites of plants that comprise a C6-C7-C6 scaffold. They can be broadly classified into linear-type and cyclic-type diarylheptanoids based on their chemical structures. Actinorhizal trees, such as Casuarina, Alnus, and Myrica, which form nodule symbiosis with actinomycetes Frankia, produce cyclic diarylheptanoids (CDHs); in Alnus sieboldiana Matsum. in particular, we have reported that the addition of CDHs leads to an increase in the number of nodules. However, the information available on the biosynthesis of CDHs is scarce. A greater number of plants CDHs (including those isolated from actinorhizal trees) with a saturated heptane chain have been isolated compared with linear, non-cyclic diarylheptanoids. To identify the genes involved in the synthesis of these compounds, genes with significant sequence similarity to existing plant double-bond reductases were screened in A. sieboldiana. This report describes the isolation and characterization of two A. sieboldiana double-bond reductases (AsDBR1 and AsDBR2) that catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of bisdemethoxycurcumin and curcumin. The optimum pH for the two enzymes was 5.0. The apparent Km values for bisdemethoxycurcumin and NADPH were 4.24 and 3.53 μM in the case of AsDBR1, and 2.55 and 2.13 μM for AsDBR2. The kcat value was 9.4-fold higher for AsDBR1 vs. AsDBR2 when using the bisdemethoxycurcumin substrate. Interestingly, the two AsDBRs failed to reduce the phenylpropanoid monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konosuke Takemoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu-shi, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akiho Tsurugi-Sakurada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ryota Moriuchi
- Functional Genomics Section, Shizuoka Instrumental Analysis Center, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoneda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Shingo Kawai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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2
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Nissan N, Hooker J, Pattang A, Charette M, Morrison M, Yu K, Hou A, Golshani A, Molnar SJ, Cober ER, Samanfar B. Novel QTL for Low Seed Cadmium Accumulation in Soybean. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1146. [PMID: 35567147 PMCID: PMC9102923 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is a valuable crop, used in animal feed and for human consumption. Selecting soybean cultivars with low seed cadmium (Cd) concentration is important for the purpose of minimizing the transfer of Cd into the human body. To ensure international trade, farmers need to produce soybean that meets the European Union (EU) Cd limit of 0.2 mg kg-1. In this study, we evaluated two populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs), X5154 and X4050, for seed Cd accumulation. Linkage maps were constructed with 325 and 280 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, respectively, and used to identify a novel minor quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 13 in the X4050 population between SSR markers Satt522 and Satt218. Based on a gene ontology search within the QTL region, seven genes were identified as candidates responsible for low seed Cd accumulation, including Glyma.13G308700 and Glyma.13G309100. In addition, we confirmed the known major gene, Cda1, in the X5154 population and developed KASP and CAPS/dCAPS allele-specific markers for efficient marker-assisted breeding for Cda1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Nissan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (N.N.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (S.J.M.); (E.R.C.)
- Department of Biology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Julia Hooker
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (N.N.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (S.J.M.); (E.R.C.)
- Department of Biology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Arezo Pattang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (N.N.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (S.J.M.); (E.R.C.)
- Department of Biology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Martin Charette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (N.N.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (S.J.M.); (E.R.C.)
| | - Malcolm Morrison
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (N.N.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (S.J.M.); (E.R.C.)
| | - Kangfu Yu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow Research and Development Centre, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada;
| | - Anfu Hou
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada;
| | - Ashkan Golshani
- Department of Biology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Stephen J. Molnar
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (N.N.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (S.J.M.); (E.R.C.)
| | - Elroy R. Cober
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (N.N.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (S.J.M.); (E.R.C.)
| | - Bahram Samanfar
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (N.N.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (S.J.M.); (E.R.C.)
- Department of Biology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wang S, Liu J, Wang X, Han Y, Liu F. Up-regulated 2-alkenal reductase expression improves low-nitrogen tolerance in maize by alleviating oxidative stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:559-573. [PMID: 33215716 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants, cellular lipid peroxidation is enhanced under low nitrogen (LN) stress; this increases the lipid-derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS) levels. The cellular toxicity of RCS can be reduced by various RCS-scavenging enzymes. However, the roles of these enzymes in alleviating oxidative stress and improving nutrient use efficiency (NUE) under nutrient stress remain unknown. Here, we overexpressed maize endogenous NADPH-dependent 2-alkenal reductase (ZmAER) in maize; it significantly increased the tolerance of transgenic plants (OX-AER) to LN stress. Under LN condition, the biomass, nitrogen accumulation, NUE, and leaf photosynthesis of the OX-AER plants were significantly higher than those of the wild-type (WT) plants. The leaf and root malondialdehyde and H2 O2 levels in the transgenic plants were significantly lower than those in WT. The expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes ZmCAT3, ZmPOD5 and ZmPOD13 was significantly higher in the transgenic lines than in WT. Under LN stress, the nitrate reductase activity in the OX-AER leaves was significantly increased compared with that in the WT leaves. Furthermore, under LN stress, ZmNRT1.1 and ZmNRT2.5 expression was upregulated in the OX-AER plants compared with that in WT. Overall, up-regulated ZmAER expression could enhance maize's tolerance to LN stress by alleviating oxidative stress and improve NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Disease and Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Pan H, Chang Y, Dong N, Zou L, Liang P, Tian W, Chang Z. Identification of key sites determining the cofactor specificity and improvement of catalytic activity of a steroid 5β-reductase from Capsella rubella. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 134:109483. [PMID: 32044030 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone 5β-reductases (P5βRs) are involved in 5β-cardenolide formation by stereo-specific reduction of the △4,5 double bond of steroid precursors. In this study a steroid 5β-reductase was identified in Capsella rubella (CrSt5βR1) and its function in steroid 5β-reduction was validated experimentally. CrSt5βR1 is capable of enantioselectively reducing the activated CC bond of broad substrates such as steroids and enones by using NADPH as a cofactor and therefore has the potential as a biocatalyst in organic synthesis. However, for industrial purposes the cheaper NADH is the preferred cofactor. By applying rational design based on literature and complementary mutagenesis strategies, we successfully identified two key amino acid residues determining the cofactor specificity of the enzyme. The R63 K mutation enables the enzyme to convert progesterone to 5β-pregnane-3,20-dione with NADH as cofactor, whereas the wild-type CrSt5βR1 is strictly NADPH-dependent. By further introducing the R64H mutation, the double mutant R63K_R64H of CrSt5βR1 was shown to increase enzymatic activity by13.8-fold with NADH as a cofactor and to increase the NADH/NADPH conversion ratio by 10.9-fold over the R63 K single mutant. This finding was successfully applied to change the cofactor specificity and to improve activity of other members of the same enzyme family, AtP5βR and DlP5βR. CrSt5βR1 mutants are expected to have the potential for biotechnological applications in combination with the well-established NADH regeneration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Pan
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Chang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Dong
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zou
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Wei Tian
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zunxue Chang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao J, Guan S, Zhou X, Han W, Cui B, Chen Y. Bioreduction of the C C double bond with Pseudomonas monteilii ZMU-T17: one approach to 3-monosubstituted oxindoles. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Patterson-Orazem A, Sullivan B, Stewart JD. Pichia stipitis OYE 2.6 variants with improved catalytic efficiencies from site-saturation mutagenesis libraries. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5628-32. [PMID: 25087048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An earlier directed evolution project using alkene reductase OYE 2.6 from Pichia stipitis yielded 13 active site variants with improved properties toward three homologous Baylis-Hillman adducts. Here, we probed the generality of these improvements by testing the wild-type and all 13 variants against a panel of 16 structurally-diverse electron-deficient alkenes. Several substrates were sterically demanding, and as hoped, creating additional active site volume yielded better conversions for these alkenes. The most impressive improvement was found for 2-butylidenecyclohexanone. The wild-type provided less than 20% conversion after 24h; a triple mutant afforded more than 60% conversion in the same time period. Moreover, even wild-type OYE 2.6 can reduce cyclohexenones with very bulky 4-substituents efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradford Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jon D Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Abstract
Reduction of C = C bonds by reductases, found in a variety of microorganisms (e.g. yeasts, bacteria, and lower fungi), animals, and plants has applications in the production of metabolites that include pharmacologically active drugs and other chemicals. Therefore, the reductase enzymes that mediate this transformation have become important therapeutic targets and biotechnological tools. These reductases are broad-spectrum, in that, they can act on isolation/conjugation C = C-bond compounds, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids, acid derivatives, and nitro compounds. In addition, several mutations in the reductase gene have been identified, some associated with diseases. Several of these reductases have been cloned and/or purified, and studies to further characterize them and determine their structure in order to identify potential industrial biocatalysts are still in progress. In this study, crucial reductases for bioreduction of C = C bonds have been reviewed with emphasis on their principal substrates and effective inhibitors, their distribution, genetic polymorphisms, and implications in human disease and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China and
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Mansell DJ, Toogood HS, Waller J, Hughes JMX, Levy CW, Gardiner JM, Scrutton NS. Biocatalytic Asymmetric Alkene Reduction: Crystal Structure and Characterization of a Double Bond Reductase from Nicotiana tabacum. ACS Catal 2013; 3:370-379. [PMID: 27547488 PMCID: PMC4990313 DOI: 10.1021/cs300709m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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The application of biocatalysis for the asymmetric reduction
of
activated C=C is a powerful tool for the manufacture of high-value
chemical commodities. The biocatalytic potential of “-ene”
reductases from the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family of oxidoreductases
is well-known; however, the specificity of these enzymes toward mainly
small molecule substrates has highlighted the need to discover “-ene”
reductases from different enzymatic classes to broaden industrial
applicability. Here, we describe the characterization of a flavin-free
double bond reductase from Nicotiana tabacum (NtDBR), which belongs to the leukotriene B4 dehydrogenase
(LTD) subfamily of the zinc-independent, medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase
superfamily of enzymes. Using steady-state kinetics and biotransformation
reactions, we have demonstrated the regio- and stereospecificity of
NtDBR against a variety of α,β-unsaturated activated alkenes.
In addition to catalyzing the reduction of typical LTD substrates
and several classical OYE-like substrates, NtDBR also exhibited complementary
activity by reducing non-OYE substrates (i.e., reducing the exocyclic
C=C double bond of (R)-pulegone) and in some
cases showing an opposite stereopreference in comparison with the
OYE family member pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) reductase. This
serves to augment classical OYE “-ene” reductase activity
and, coupled with its aerobic stability, emphasizes the potential
industrial value of NtDBR. Furthermore, we also report the X-ray crystal
structures of the holo-, binary NADP(H)-bound, and ternary [NADP+ and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde (9a)-bound]
NtDBR complexes. These will underpin structure-driven site-saturated
mutagenesis studies aimed at enhancing the reactivity, stereochemistry,
and specificity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Mansell
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, ⊥School of Chemistry, and ‡Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester,
U.K
| | - Helen S. Toogood
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, ⊥School of Chemistry, and ‡Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester,
U.K
| | - John Waller
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, ⊥School of Chemistry, and ‡Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester,
U.K
| | - John M. X. Hughes
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, ⊥School of Chemistry, and ‡Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester,
U.K
| | - Colin W. Levy
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, ⊥School of Chemistry, and ‡Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester,
U.K
| | - John M. Gardiner
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, ⊥School of Chemistry, and ‡Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester,
U.K
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, ⊥School of Chemistry, and ‡Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester,
U.K
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Hirata T, Matsushima A, Sato Y, Iwasaki T, Nomura H, Watanabe T, Toyoda S, Izumi S. Stereospecific hydrogenation of the CC double bond of enones by Escherichia coli overexpressing an enone reductase of Nicotiana tabacum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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