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Jiang Y, Liu P, Qiu Z, Zhou M, Cheng M, Yang T. The U.S. FDA approved cardiovascular drugs from 2011 to 2023: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116593. [PMID: 38889609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A total of 28 new molecular entities (NMEs) were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases from 2011 to 2023. Approximately 25 % of the medications were sanctioned for the management of diverse vascular disorders. The other major therapeutic areas of focus included antilipemic agents (15 %), blood pressure disease (11 %), heart failure, hyperkalemia, and cardiomyopathy (7-8% each). Among all the approved drugs, there are a total of 22 new chemical entities (NCEs), including inhibitors, agonists, polymers, and inorganic compounds. In addition to NCEs, 6 biological agents (BLAs), including monoclonal antibodies, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and antisense oligonucleotides, have also obtained approval for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. From this perspective, approved NCEs are itemized and discussed based on their disease, targets, chemical classes, major drug metabolites, and biochemical and pharmacological properties. Systematic analysis has been conducted to examine the binding modes of these approved drugs with their targets using cocrystal structure information or docking studies to provide valuable insights for designing next-generation agents. Furthermore, the synthetic approaches employed in the creation of these drug molecules have been emphasized, aiming to inspire the development of novel, efficient, and applicable synthetic methodologies. Generally, the primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive examination of the clinical applications, pharmacology, binding modes, and synthetic methodologies employed in small-molecule drugs approved for treating CVD. This will facilitate the development of more potent and innovative therapeutics for effectively managing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Jiang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pingxian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengdi Cheng
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Dal Colle MCS, Ricardo MG, Hribernik N, Danglad-Flores J, Seeberger PH, Delbianco M. Linker, loading, and reaction scale influence automated glycan assembly. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1015-1020. [PMID: 37440787 PMCID: PMC10334207 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated glycan assembly (AGA) affords collections of well-defined glycans in a short amount of time. We systematically analyzed how parameters connected to the solid support affect the AGA outcome for three different glycan sequences. We showed that, while loading and reaction scale did not significantly influence the AGA outcome, the chemical nature of the linker dramatically altered the isolated yields. We identified that the major determinants of AGA yields are cleavage from the solid support and post-AGA purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene C S Dal Colle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel G Ricardo
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nives Hribernik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - José Danglad-Flores
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Zheng Q, Unruh DK, Hutchins KM. Removal of the Micropollutants Propranolol Hydrochloride and 2-Naphthol From Water by Pyridine-Functionalized Polymers. Front Chem 2022; 9:793870. [PMID: 35127646 PMCID: PMC8815703 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.793870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The number and concentration of micropollutants in aqueous environments are increasing. Two such micropollutants include the pharmaceutical, propranolol hydrochloride, and dye intermediate, 2-naphthol. Here, we describe the synthesis of both linear and crosslinked pyridine-functionalized copolymers that bind and remove propranolol hydrochloride and 2-naphthol from water solutions. Propranolol hydrochloride and 2-naphthol both contain hydrogen-bond-donor groups, and the pyridine moiety on the polymer acts as a hydrogen-bond acceptor to facilitate removal. Copolymers with different amounts of pyridine comonomer are synthesized, and as the amount of the pyridine comonomer is increased, the ability of the polymer to bind and remove the contaminant also increases. The concentrations of propranolol hydrochloride and 2-naphthol decreased by approximately 20–40% and 60–88%, respectively, depending on the polymer type that is used in the binding experiment. A control polymer was synthesized by using styrene in place of the pyridine monomer. In analogous binding experiments, the styrene polymer decreases the concentration of propranolol hydrochloride by 2% and 2-naphthol by 26%. Thus, the binding effectiveness is significantly reduced when the hydrogen-bond-acceptor group is not present on the polymer. We also show that the best performing crosslinked pyridine-functionalized polymer is reusable. Overall, these polymer adsorbents demonstrate the potential for removal of micropollutants from water.
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Abstract
Experimental studies of amyloids encounter many challenges. There are many methods available for studying proteins, which can be applied to amyloids: from basic staining techniques, allowing visualization of fibers, to complex methods, e.g., AFM-IR used to their detailed biochemical and structural characterization in nanoscale. Which method is appropriate depends on the goal of an experiment: verification of aggregational properties of a peptide, distinguishing oligomers from mature fibers, or kinetic studies. Insolubility, rapid aggregation, and the need of using a high-purity peptide may be a limiting factor in studies involving amyloids. Moreover, the results obtained by various experimental methods often differ significantly, which may lead to misclassification of amyloid peptides. Due to ambiguity of experimental results, laborious and time-consuming analysis, bioinformatical methods become more widely used for amyloids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Szulc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Szefczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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Evaluation of 4-tert-Butyl-Benzhydrylamine Resin (BUBHAR) as an Alternative Solid Support for Peptide Synthesis. INT J POLYM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5479343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following preliminary reports that introduced 4-tert-butylbenzhydrylamine resin (BUBHAR) as a novel polymer for use in solid-phase peptide chemistry (SPPS), some physical-chemical properties of its structure, certainly relevant for its application in this methodology, were compared with those of the largely used methylbenzhydrylamine resin (MBHAR). In order to rule out possible MBHAR-related commercial source effects for SPPS, we initially compared MBHAR batches acquired from three different manufacturers with homemade BUBHARs. The bead solvation properties of these two resins in solvents used in the tert-butyl (Boc-based) SPPS technique indicated that the mean swelling values of these solid supports (% volume of solvated bead occupied by the solvent) were 51% and 67% for MBHAR and BUBHAR, respectively. This result strongly suggests a good potential for the latter polymer in terms of application for application in SPPS. In order to move forward with this approach, the synthesis of the carboxy-terminal peptide fragment (Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-(D-Arg)-Gly-amide) of the antidiuretic hormone, desmopressin ([3-Mpa∗-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-(D-Arg)-Gly-amide], ∗1-[3-mercaptopropionic acid]), which our laboratory is producing routinely in large scale for the Health Secretary of Sao Paulo State. The comparative synthesis was conducted using these two resins with similar substitution degrees (~0.7 mmol/g). In contrast to MBHAR, surprisingly no need for a Gln⟶Asn recoupling reaction was observed when BUBHAR was used. This result might be due to improved solvation of the desmopressin C-terminal Asn-Cys-Pro-(D-Arg)-Gly-segment when bound to this latter resin as observed by microscopic swelling degrees of peptide-resin beads and also by greater mobility detected of peptide chains within the BUBHAR polymer backbone. This finding was determined by comparative electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of both peptide resins attaching the amino acid-type paramagnetic 2.2.6.6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (Toac) spin label early introduced by our group.
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Amadi‐Kamalu C, Clarke H, McRobie M, Mortimer J, North M, Ran Y, Routledge A, Sibbald D, Tickias M, Tse K, Willway H. Investigation of Parameters that Affect Resin Swelling in Green Solvents. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:431-441. [PMID: 32257751 PMCID: PMC7121665 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of various physical and chemical factors on the swelling of polystyrene and PEG based resins in greener organic solvents has been systematically investigated. In general, chemical factors: the nature of the functionality/linker and the degree of loading were found to have a far larger influence on the swelling of the resins than physical parameters such as bead size. The results are interpreted in terms of Hansen solubility parameters for the solvents and there is evidence that some solvents interact with the polymeric core of a resin whilst others interact with the functionality. The results are extended to a study of the changes in resin swelling observed during both deprotection and chain elongation reactions during solid phase peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly Clarke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUKYO10 5DD
| | | | | | - Michael North
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUKYO10 5DD
| | - Yanrui Ran
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUKYO10 5DD
| | | | - Dani Sibbald
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUKYO10 5DD
| | | | - Kai Tse
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUKYO10 5DD
| | - Helen Willway
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUKYO10 5DD
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Fragments of the second transmembrane helix of three G-protein-coupled receptors: comparative synthetic, structural and conformational studies. Amino Acids 2018; 51:273-282. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Chung YC, Park EH, Choi JW, Chun BC. Enhancement in Tensile Mechanical and Shape Recovery Properties of Polyurethane by Incorporating Graft-polymerized Poly(tert
-Butyl Acrylate) into Polyurethane. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Chung
- School of Nano Engineering; Inje University; Gimhae 50834 Korea
- Department of Chemistry; University of Suwon; Hwaseong 18323 Korea
| | - Eon Ho Park
- School of Nano Engineering; Inje University; Gimhae 50834 Korea
| | - Jae Won Choi
- School of Nano Engineering; Inje University; Gimhae 50834 Korea
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Hutchins KM, Lee CY, Luo B, Chen Q, Moore JS. Effects of Cross-Linking Density on Interfacial Polymerization and Scaffold Formation in Functionalized Polymer Beads. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Hutchins
- The
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chih-Yi Lee
- The
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Binbin Luo
- The
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Qian Chen
- The
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- The
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Caporale A, Doti N, Sandomenico A, Ruvo M. Evaluation of combined use of Oxyma and HATU in aggregating peptide sequences. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:272-281. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- IBB-CNR and CIRPeB; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Naples Italy
| | | | - Menotti Ruvo
- IBB-CNR and CIRPeB; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Naples Italy
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Zhang R, Li Q, Ji D, Pan Y, Xu B, Huang Y, Zhao L. Preparation of a novel polymer monolith with high loading capacity by grafting block poly(PEGA–mPEGA) for high-efficiency solid phase synthesis. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Rodrigues ES, Martin RP, Silva RF, Nakaie CR, Oliveira L, Shimuta SI. Binding affinities and activation of Asp712Ala and Cys100Ser mutated kinin B1 receptor forms suggest a bimodal scheme for the molecule of bound-DABK. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2013; 181:37-44. [PMID: 23318500 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutant forms of kinin B(1) receptor (B(1)R) and analogs of the full agonist des-Arg(9)-bradykinin (DABK) were investigated aiming to verify the importance of selected receptor residues and of each agonist-peptide residue in the specific binding and activation. Linked by a specific disulfide bond (Cys(100)-Cys(650)), the N-terminal (N(t)) and the EC3 loop C-terminal (C(t)) segments of angiotensin II (AngII) receptor 1 (AT(1)R) have been identified to form an extracellular site for binding the agonist N(t) segment (Asp(1) and Arg(2) residues). Asp(712) residue at the receptor EC3 loop binds the peptide Arg(2) residue. By homology, a similar site might be considered for DABK binding to B(1)R since this receptor contains the same structural elements for composing the site in AT(1)R, namely the disulfide bond and the EC3 loop Asp(712) residue. DABK, Ala(n)-DABK analogs (n=Ala(1)-, Ala(2)-, Ala(3)-, Ala(4)-, Ala(5)-, Ala(6)-, Ala(7)-, Ala(8)-DABK), and other analogs were selected to binding wild-type, Asp712Ala and Cys100Ser mutated B(1)R receptors. The results obtained suggested that the same bimodal scheme adopted for AngII-AT(1)R system may be applied to DABK binding to B(1)R. The most crucial similarity in the two cases is that the N(t) segments of peptides equally bind to the homologous Asp(712) residue of both AT(1)R and B(1)R extracellular sites. Confirming this preliminary supposition, mutation of residues located at the B(1)R extracellular site as EC3 loop Asp(712) and Cys(100) caused the same modifications in biological assays observed in AT(1)R submitted to homologous mutations, such as significant weakening of agonist binding and reduction of post-receptor-activation processes. These findings provided enough support for defining a site that determines the specific binding of DABK to B(1)R receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Rodrigues
- Biophysics Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 7th floor, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rosada RS, Silva CL, Santana MHA, Nakaie CR, de la Torre LG. Effectiveness, against tuberculosis, of pseudo-ternary complexes: Peptide-DNA-cationic liposome. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 373:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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