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Rayan SA, George RF, Mohamed NM, Said MF. Exploring of novel oxazolones and imidazolones as anti-inflammatory and analgesic candidates with cyclooxygenase inhibitory action. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:963-981. [PMID: 38639393 PMCID: PMC11221545 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Over the last few decades, therapeutic needs have led to a search for safer COX-2 inhibitors with potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Materials & methods: A new series of oxazolone and imidazolone derivatives 3a-c and 4a-r were synthesized and evaluated as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. COX-1/COX-2 isozyme selectivity testing and molecular docking were performed. Results: All compounds showed good activities comparable to those of the reference, celecoxib. The most active compounds 3a, 4a, 4c, 4e and 4f showed promising gastric tolerability with an ulcer index lower than that of celecoxib. The molecular docking of p-methoxyphenyl derivative 4c showed alkyl interaction with the side pocket His75 of COX-2 and achieved the best anti-inflammatory activity, with a COX-2 selectivity index better than that of celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham A Rayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, PO Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham F George
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, PO Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Nada M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information MTI, Cairo, 11585, Egypt
| | - Mona F Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, PO Box 11562, Egypt
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2
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Liu Y, Zhou Q, Huo Y, Sun X, Hu J. Recent advances in developing modified C14 side chain pleuromutilins as novel antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116313. [PMID: 38503168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing resistance to most existing antimicrobial drugs, research has shifted towards developing novel antimicrobial agents with mechanisms of action distinct from those of current clinical options. Pleuromutilins are antibiotics known for their distinct mechanism of action, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome. Recent studies have revealed that pleuromutilin derivatives can disrupt bacterial cell membranes, thereby enhancing antibacterial efficacy. Both marketed pleuromutilin derivatives and those in clinical trials have been developed by structurally modifying the pleuromutilin C14 side chain to improve their antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this review aims to review advancement in the chemical structural characteristics, antibacterial activities, and structure-activity relationship studies of pleuromutilins, specifically focusing on modifications made to the C14 side chain in recent years. These findings provide a valuable reference for future research and development of pleuromutilins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Qinjiang Zhou
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Yiwen Huo
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Sun
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China.
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3
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Said MF, George RF, Fayed W, F Soliman AA, Refaey RH. Investigations of new N1-substituted pyrazoles as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents having COX inhibitory activity. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:349-368. [PMID: 38288554 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The search is ongoing for ideal anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with promising potency and reasonable selectivity. Methods: New N1-substituted pyrazoles with or without an acetamide linkage were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. COX inhibitory testing, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and antiproliferative activity assessments were performed. Results: All compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory activity up to 90.40% inhibition. They also exhibited good analgesic activity with up to 100% protection. N1-benzensulfonamides 3d, 6c and 6h were preferentially selective agents toward COX-2. Compound 3d showed good cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HTC116 cancer cell lines. Molecular modeling studies predicted the binding pattern of the most active compounds. Molecular dynamics confirmed the docking results. All compounds showed remarkable pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F Said
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham F George
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Walid Fayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A F Soliman
- Pharmacognosy Department, Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Rana H Refaey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts
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Elsayed S, Abdelkhalek AS, Rezq S, Abu Kull ME, Romero DG, Kothayer H. Magic shotgun approach to anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy: Synthesis of novel thienopyrimidine monomers/heterodimer as dual COX-2 and 15-LOX inhibitors endowed with potent antioxidant activity. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115724. [PMID: 37611534 PMCID: PMC10528942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence points to the intertwining framework of inflammation and oxidative stress in various ailments. We speculate on the potential impact of the magic shotgun approach in these ailments as an attempt to mitigate the drawbacks of current NSAIDs. Hence, we rationally designed and synthesized new tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine monomers/heterodimer as dual selective COX-2/15-LOX inhibitors with potent antioxidant activity. The synthesized compounds were challenged with diverse in vitro biological assays. Regarding the monomeric series, compound 5k exerted the highest COX-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.068 μM, SI = 160.441), while compound 5i showed the highest 15-LOX inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.97 μM). Surpassing the most active monomeric members, the heterodimer 11 stemmed as the most potent and selective one in the whole study (COX-2 IC50 = 0.065 μM, SI = 173.846, 15-LOX IC50 = 1.86 μM). Heterodimer design was inspired by the cross-talk between the partner monomers of the COX-2 isoform. Moreover, some of our synthesized compounds could significantly reverse the LPS-enhanced production of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and NO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Again, the heterodimer showed the strongest suppressor activity against ROS (IC50 = 18.79 μM) and IL-6 (IC50 = 4.15 μM) production outperforming the two references, celecoxib and diclofenac. Regarding NO suppressor activity, compound 5j (IC50 = 18.62 μM) surpassed the two references. Only compound 5a significantly suppressed TNF-α production (IC50 = 19.68 μM). Finally, molecular modeling simulated the possible binding scenarios of our synthesized thienopyrimidines within the active sites of COX-2 and 15-LOX. These findings suggest that those novel thienopyrimidines are promising leads showing pharmacodynamics synergy against the selected targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elsayed
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdelkhalek
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mansour E Abu Kull
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hend Kothayer
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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5
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Tocco G, Canton S, Laus A, Caboni P, Le Grice SFJ, Tramontano E, Esposito F. Dihydroxyphenyl- and Heteroaromatic-Based Thienopyrimidinones to Tackle HIV-1 LEDGF/p75-Dependent IN Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:6700. [PMID: 37764476 PMCID: PMC10537185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) still represents a global public health issue of major concern, and would benefit from unveiling unique viral features as targets for drug design. In this respect, HIV-1 integrase (IN), due to the absence of homologs in human cells, is a popular target for the synthesis of novel selective compounds. Moreover, as drug-resistant viral strains are rapidly evolving, the development of novel allosteric inhibitors is acutely required. Recently, we have observed that Kuwanon-L, quinazolinones and thienopyrimidinones containing at least one polyphenol unit, effectively inhibited HIV-1 IN activity. Thus, in the present research, novel dihydroxyphenyl-based thienopyrimidinone derivatives were investigated for their LEDGF/p75-dependent IN inhibitory activity. Our findings indicated a close correlation between the position of the OH group on the phenyl moiety and IN inhibitory activity of these compounds. As catechol may be involved in cytotoxicity, its replacement by other aromatic scaffolds was also exploited. As a result, compounds 21-23, 25 and 26 with enhanced IN inhibitory activity provided good lead candidates, with 25 being the most selective for IN. Lastly, UV spectrometric experiments suggested a plausible allosteric mode of action, as none of the thienopirimidinones showed Mg2+ chelation properties otherwise typical of IN strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Tocco
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.C.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (E.T.); (F.E.)
| | - Serena Canton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.C.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (E.T.); (F.E.)
| | - Antonio Laus
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.C.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (E.T.); (F.E.)
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.C.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (E.T.); (F.E.)
| | - Stuart F. J. Le Grice
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA;
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.C.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (E.T.); (F.E.)
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.C.); (A.L.); (P.C.); (E.T.); (F.E.)
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Abdelkhalek AS, Kothayer H, Rezq S, Orabi KY, Romero DG, El-Sabbagh OI. Synthesis of new multitarget-directed ligands containing thienopyrimidine nucleus for inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenases, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115443. [PMID: 37182334 PMCID: PMC10247423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A new series of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 4, 5, 6a-o, and 11 was designed and synthesized starting from cyclohexanone under Gewald condition with the aim to develop multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) having anti-inflammatory properties against both 15-LOX and COX-2 enzymes. Moreover, the potential of the compounds against the proinflammatory mediators NO, ROS, TNF-α, and IL-6 were tested in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 6o showed the greatest 15-LOX inhibitory effect (IC50 = 1.17 μM) which was superior to that of the reference nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, IC50 = 1.28 μM); meanwhile, compounds 6h, 6g, 11, and 4 exhibited potent activities (IC50 = 1.29-1.77 μM). The ester 4 (SI = 137.37) and the phenyl-substituted acetohydrazide 11 (SI = 132.26) showed the highest COX-2 selectivity, which was about 28 times more selective than the reference drug diclofenac (SI = 4.73), however, it was lower than that of celecoxib (SI = 219.25). Interestingly, compound 6o, which showed the highest 15-LOX inhibitory activity and 5 times higher COX-2 selectivity than diclofenac, showed a greater poteny in reducing NO (IC50 = 7.77 μM) than both celecoxib (IC50 = 22.89 μM) and diclofenac (IC50 = 25.34), but comparable activity in inhibiting TNF-α (IC50 = 11.27) to diclofenac (IC50 = 10.45 μM). Similarly, compounds 11 and 6h were more potent in reducing TNF-α and IL6 levels than diclofenac, meanwhile, compound 4 reduced ROS, NO, IL6, and TNF-α levels with comparable potency to the reference drugs celecoxib and diclofenac. Furthermore, docking studies for our compounds within 15-LOX and COX-2 active sites revealed good agreement with the biological evaluations. The proposed compounds could be promising multi-targeted anti-inflammatory candidates to treat resistant inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abdelkhalek
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hend Kothayer
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Khaled Y Orabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Osama I El-Sabbagh
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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7
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Rogova A, Gorbunova IA, Karpov TE, Sidorov RY, Rubtsov AE, Shipilovskikh DA, Muslimov AR, Zyuzin MV, Timin AS, Shipilovskikh SA. Synthesis of thieno[3,2-e]pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives and their precursors containing 2-aminothiophenes fragments as anticancer agents for therapy of pulmonary metastatic melanoma. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115325. [PMID: 37084598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of new promising compounds based on thienopyrimidine scaffold containing 2-aminothiophene fragments with good safety and favorable drug-like properties are highly relevant for chemotherapy. In this study, a series of 14 variants of thieno[3,2-e]pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives (11aa-oa) and their precursors (31 compounds) containing 2-aminothiophenes fragments (9aa-mb, 10aa-oa) were synthesized and screened for their cytotoxicity against B16-F10 melanoma cells. The selectivity of the developed compounds was assessed by determining the cytotoxicity using normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF NF2 cells). The lead compounds 9cb, 10ic and 11jc with the most significant antitumor activity and minimum cytotoxicity on normal non-cancerous cells were chosen for further in vivo experiments. Additional in vitro experiments with compounds 9cb, 10ic and 11jc showed that apoptosis was the predominant mechanism of death in B16-F10 melanoma cells. With support from in vivo studies, compounds 9cb, 10ic and 11jc demonstrated the biosafety to healthy mice and significant inhibition of the metastatic nodules in pulmonary metastatic melanoma mouse model. Histological analysis detected no abnormal changes in the main organs (the liver, spleen, kidneys, and heart) after the therapy. Thus, the developed compounds 9cb, 10ic and 11jc demonstrate high efficiency in the treatment of pulmonary metastatic melanoma and can be recommended for further preclinical investigation of the melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rogova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation; Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A Gorbunova
- Perm State University, Perm, Bukireva 15, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Timofey E Karpov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation; Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Roman Yu Sidorov
- Perm State University, Perm, Bukireva 15, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch, Goleva 13, Perm, 614081, Russian Federation
| | | | - Daria A Shipilovskikh
- Perm State University, Perm, Bukireva 15, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Albert R Muslimov
- Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Timin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation; Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active compounds, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergei A Shipilovskikh
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation; Perm State University, Perm, Bukireva 15, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation.
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8
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Novel cyclohepta[b]thiophene derivative incorporating pyrimidine, pyridine, and chromene moiety as potential antimicrobial agents targeting DNA gyrase. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Ding R, Wang X, Fu J, Chang Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Ma J, Hu J. Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine substitution. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114398. [PMID: 35468515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with substituted thienopyrimidines were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antibacterial act ivity. In this study, the activities of these compounds were investigated using the inhibition circle test, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, real-time growth curves, time-kill kinetic assays, cytotoxicity assays, and molecular docking. Most of the tested compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli. Compound A11 was the most active and displayed bacteriostatic activities against methicillin-resistant S. aureus, with MIC values as low as 0.00191 μg/mL, which is 162 and 32 times lower than that of the marketed antibiotics tiamulin and retapamulin, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of A11 was confirmed by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcai Ding
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Jianfang Fu
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Chang
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Yingxue Li
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China.
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Weifang Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China.
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Laxmikeshav K, Kumari P, Shankaraiah N. Expedition of sulfur-containing heterocyclic derivatives as cytotoxic agents in medicinal chemistry: A decade update. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:513-575. [PMID: 34453452 DOI: 10.1002/med.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article proposes a comprehensive report of the design strategies engaged in the development of various sulfur-bearing cytotoxic agents. The outcomes of various studies depict that the sulfur heterocyclic framework is a fundamental structure in diverse synthetic analogs representing a myriad scope of therapeutic activities. A number of five-, six- and seven-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, such as thiazoles, thiadiazoles, thiazolidinediones, thiophenes, thiopyrans, benzothiazoles, benzothiophenes, thienopyrimidines, simple and modified phenothiazines, and thiazepines have been discussed. The subsequent studies of the derivatives unveiled their cytotoxic effects through multiple mechanisms (viz. inhibition of tyrosine kinases, topoisomerase I and II, tubulin, COX, DNA synthesis, and PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways), and several others. Thus, our concise illustration explains the design strategy and anticancer potential of these five- and six-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic molecules along with a brief outline on seven-membered sulfur heterocycles. The thorough assessment of antiproliferative activities with the reference drug allows a proficient assessment of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the diversely synthesized molecules of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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11
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Halim PA, Georgey HH, George MY, El Kerdawy AM, Said MF. Design and synthesis of novel 4-fluorobenzamide-based derivatives as promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with an enhanced gastric tolerability and COX-inhibitory activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105253. [PMID: 34390973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Responding to the great demand of developing potent NSAIDs with an enhanced safety profile and reasonable selectivity, in the present study novel 4-fluorobenzamide derivatives were synthesized and screened for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing in mice, respectively. All the new target compounds except the carbamothioylhydrazine series (5a-d), and the 4-fluorophenyl thiadiazolo derivative 6b showed promising anti-inflammatory activity ranged between 53.43 and 92.36% inhibition of edema (at 3 h) compared to the reference standard indomethacin (65.64%). All the newly synthesized compounds showed potent analgesic activity ranged between 71 and 100 % writhing protection compared to indomethacin (74.06%). Moreover, the most active compounds; the ester hybrids 2a,b, the thioureido quinazolinones 4b,c, and the thiadiazole congener 6a, showed promising gastric tolerability with ulcer index ranged between 0 and 6.60 compared to indomethacin (12.13). The thioureido quinazolinone derivatives 4b,c showed the most potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with a remarkable gastric tolerability compared to the other derivatives. The 4-chlorophenyl derivative 4b is considered the most promising analogue showing 92.36% inhibition of edema, 100% writhing protection in analgesia testing, and a COX-2 selectivity index of 5.75 which was better than that of indomethacin and celecoxib standards (selectivity index = 0.27 and 4.55; respectively). Moreover, it showed an ulcer index equals zero with gastric acidity and mucin levels comparable to that of the control group indicating its minor effect on gastric cell physiology and its high tolerability. Molecular docking studies predicted the binding pattern of the newly synthesized compounds in COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes confirming the ability of the most active candidates to satisfy the structural features required for binding and rationalized their selectivity based on their docking binding patterns and scores. Furthermore, the newly synthesized 4-fluorobenzamide derivatives possess promising predicted pharmacokinetic properties indicated by calculating their key physicochemical parameters and absorption percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Georgey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo 11777, Egypt.
| | - Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Newgiza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona F Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
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12
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Seboletswe P, Awolade P, Singh P. Recent Developments on the Synthesis and Biological Activities of Fused Pyrimidinone Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2050-2067. [PMID: 33724717 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds constitute a unique class of organic compounds endowed with a wide range of synthetic and pharmaceutical applications. Pyrimidinones and their fused analogues have received focused attention in this regard, partly due to their mimicry of nucleobases which consequently forges their interesting medicinal properties. Over the years, the medicinal chemistry research community has experienced an upsurge in articles describing the exploration of these scaffolds to develop effective therapeutic agents. Several biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsive, and antihistaminic, have been well documented. This minireview presents a compendium of recent developments (2017-2020) focused on the synthesis and biological activities of fused pyrimidinones. The goal is to update medicinal chemists on the therapeutic relevance of fused pyrimidinones and the molecular architecture of clinic-worthy drug candidates. A brief account of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) revealed from different biological assays is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pule Seboletswe
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Durban, South Africa
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13
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Neha K, Wakode S. Contemporary advances of cyclic molecules proposed for inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113493. [PMID: 34029774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review stretches insight about the advancement (2011-2021) of synthesized non-heterocyclic, heterocyclic and natural occurring cyclic molecules for inflammation. While inflammation is very significant in the abolition of pathogens and other causes of soreness, a protracted inflammatory procedure takes to outcomes in chronic disease that might finally affect in organ failure or damage. Thus, restraining the provocative process by the use of anti-inflammatory agents is chief in controlling this damage. It also reveals other pursuit along with their anti-inflammatory activity. Molecular docking studies represent most suitable PDB (Protein Data Bank) ID for the synthesized heterocyclic molecules with their selective inhibitor. It discusses the findings presented in recent research papers and provides understanding to researchers intended for the growth of newer combinations/molecules having littler side things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Neha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSR University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharad Wakode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSR University, New Delhi, India.
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14
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Mohamed MAA, Bekhit AA, Abd Allah OA, Kadry AM, Ibrahim TM, Bekhit SA, Amagase K, El-Saghier AMM. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel 1,2-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines bearing amino acid moiety. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2905-2916. [PMID: 35424245 PMCID: PMC8693849 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of [1,2,4]-triazole bearing amino acid derivatives 2a-d-9a-d were synthesized under green chemistry conditions via multicomponent reaction using lemon juice as an acidic catalyst. The obtained compounds were characterized by different spectral and elemental analyses. The obtained candidates showed promising antibacterial activity against some standard bacteria and multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. In contrast to the reference drugs cephalothin and chloramphenicol, the tested compounds showed substantial better MIC values towards the tested MDR strains. The most active compounds 3c, 8a and 9d against MDR bacteria were tested for MBC and MIC index, the results indicted the bacteriostatic activity of these compounds. The most active compounds 2c, 2d, 3c, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 9c and 9d showed a high selectivity index towards antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae and MRSA1 compared to mammalian cells, suggesting a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir A A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University Sohag Egypt
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria 21521 Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain Zallaq Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Omyma A Abd Allah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University Sohag Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Kadry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University Sohag Egypt
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh 33516 Egypt
| | - Salma A Bekhit
- High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University Alexandria 21568 Egypt
| | - Kikuko Amagase
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga Japan
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15
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and QSAR studies of new thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives as antimicrobial and antifungal agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104509. [PMID: 33288321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of new thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their activity against four gram-positive and four gram-negative bacterial and eight fungal species. The majority of the compounds exhibited excellent antimicrobial and antifungal activity, being more potent than the control compounds. Compound 22, bearing a m-methoxyphenyl group and an ethylenediamine side chain anchored at C-2 of the thienopyrimidinone core, is the most potent antibacterial compound with broad antimicrobial activity with MIC values in the range of 0.05-0.13 mM, being 6 to 15 fold more potent than the controls, streptomycin and ampicillin. Furthermore, compounds 14 and 15 which bear a p-chlorophenyl and m-methoxyphenyl group, respectively, and share a 2-(2-mercaptoethoxy)ethan-1-ol side chain showed the best antifungal activity, being 10-15 times more potent than ketoconazole or bifonazole with MIC values 0.013-0.026 and 0.027 mM, respectively. Especially in the case of compound 15 the low MIC values were accompanied by excellent MFC values ranging from 0.056 to 0.058 mM. Evaluation of toxicity in vitro on HFL-1 human embryonic primary cells and in vivo in the nematode C. elegans revealed no toxic effects for both compounds 15 and 22 tested at the MIC concentrations. Ligand-based similarity search and molecular docking predicted that the antibacterial activity of analogue 22 is related to inhibition of the topoisomerase II DNA gyrase enzyme and the antifungal activity of compound 15 to CYP51 lanosterol demethylase enzyme. R-Group analysis as a means of computational structure activity relationship tool, highlighted the compounds' crucial pharmacophore features and their impact on the antibacterial and antifungal activity. The presence of a N-methyl piperidine ring fused to the thienopyrimidinone core plays an important role in both activities.
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In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of crude and fractionated PHNQs from sea urchin (Evechinus chloroticus). Food Chem 2020; 316:126339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shaker AMM, Abdelall EKA, Abdellatif KRA, Abdel-Rahman HM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(4-methylsulfonyl phenyl) indole derivatives: multi-target compounds with dual antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. BMC Chem 2020; 14:23. [PMID: 32259135 PMCID: PMC7106896 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three series of 2-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl) indole derivatives have been designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were assessed for their antimicrobial, COX inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities. Compound 7g was identified to be the most potent antibacterial candidate against strains of MRSA, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii, respectively, with safe therapeutic dose. Compounds 7a-k, 8a-c, and 9a-c showed good anti-inflammatory activity with excessive selectivity towards COX-2 in comparison with reference drugs indomethacin and celecoxib. Compounds 9a-c were found to release moderate amounts of NO to decrease the side effects associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors. A molecular modeling study for compounds 7b, 7h, and 7i into COX-2 active site was correlated with the results of in vitro COX-2 inhibition assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M M Shaker
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, 62517 Egypt
| | - Eman K A Abdelall
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514 Egypt
| | - Khaled R A Abdellatif
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514 Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, IbnSina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, 21418 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, 62517 Egypt.,4Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526 Egypt
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Synthesis, modeling and biological evaluation of some pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinones and pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidinones as anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:102844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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El-Shoukrofy MS, Abd El Razik HA, AboulWafa OM, Bayad AE, El-Ashmawy IM. Pyrazoles containing thiophene, thienopyrimidine and thienotriazolopyrimidine as COX-2 selective inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, docking and in silico chemo-informatic studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:541-557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Kerru N, Maddila SN, Maddila S, Sobhanapuram S, Jonnalagadda SB. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel thienopyrimidine linked rhodanine derivatives. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the preparation of a new series of N-(substituted phenyl)-2-(4-oxo-5-(4-(thieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)benzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetamide derivatives (8a–8l). A condensation reaction of thienopyrimidin-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one derivative (5) with various 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamides (7a–7l) was employed to afford the new thienopyrimidine tagged rhodanine derivatives under acetone solvent in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3). All of the novel target molecules were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC–MS spectral analyses and were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity by using the broth dilution method. Compounds 8c, 8g, and 8h found to have antibacterial potency against E. coli, B. subtilis, B. cereus, and K. pneumonia with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3.25–6.25 μg/mL compared with the standard Gentamicin. Compounds 8c and 8f demonstrated better antifungal potency (MIC = 3.25–6.25 μg/mL) against A. flavus, A. niger, P. marneffei, and C. albicans when compared with Fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kerru
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chilten Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban-4000, South Africa
| | - Surya Narayana Maddila
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chilten Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban-4000, South Africa
| | - Suresh Maddila
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chilten Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban-4000, South Africa
- GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chilten Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban-4000, South Africa
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