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Lam TP, Tran NVN, Pham LHD, Lai NVT, Dang BTN, Truong NLN, Nguyen-Vo SK, Hoang TL, Mai TT, Tran TD. Flavonoids as dual-target inhibitors against α-glucosidase and α-amylase: a systematic review of in vitro studies. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38185713 PMCID: PMC10772047 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health issue, and great attention is directed at natural therapeutics. This systematic review aimed to assess the potential of flavonoids as antidiabetic agents by investigating their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase, two key enzymes involved in starch digestion. Six scientific databases (PubMed, Virtual Health Library, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and WHO Global Index Medicus) were searched until August 21, 2022, for in vitro studies reporting IC50 values of purified flavonoids on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, along with corresponding data for acarbose as a positive control. A total of 339 eligible articles were analyzed, resulting in the retrieval of 1643 flavonoid structures. These structures were rigorously standardized and curated, yielding 974 unique compounds, among which 177 flavonoids exhibited inhibition of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase are presented. Quality assessment utilizing a modified CONSORT checklist and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis were performed, revealing crucial features for the simultaneous inhibition of flavonoids against both enzymes. Moreover, the review also addressed several limitations in the current research landscape and proposed potential solutions. The curated datasets are available online at https://github.com/MedChemUMP/FDIGA .
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Affiliation(s)
- Thua-Phong Lam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ngoc-Vi Nguyen Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Long-Hung Dinh Pham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Nghia Vo-Trong Lai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bao-Tran Ngoc Dang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Lam Nguyen Truong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Song-Ky Nguyen-Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Linh Hoang
- California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, California, 95757, USA
| | - Tan Thanh Mai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh-Dao Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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2
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Abid S, Maciuk A, Fishmeister R, Leblais V, Legssyer A, Mekhfi H, Ziyyat A, Aziz M, Lekchiri A, Bnouham M. Development of a Thin-Layer Chromatography-Enzymatic Test Combination Method for the Isolation of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors From Thymelaea hirsuta. J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 61:66-73. [PMID: 35679592 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, easy and simple method for the isolation and purification of α-glucosidase inhibitors of the ethyl acetate extract of Thymelaea hirsuta (EaTh) by a combination of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and enzymatic test has been developed. EaTh was demonstrated previously a potent α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. In this study, we developed a simple TLC-enzymatic test (TLC/EZ) combination to isolate α-glucosidase inhibitors present in EaTh.EaTh was extracted by Soxhlet from Thymelaea hirsuta (T. hirsuta). The EaTh was separated on a silica gel column and then on a TLC plate. After TLC separation, the TLC/EZ combination method was applied. α-glucosidase inhibitors were detected directly in the TLC plate using the glucose oxidase peroxidase method (GOD-POD). A good detection of active compounds was obtained in the TLC favoring the TLC/EZ method. Active compounds were then characterized using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis. The main α-glucosidase inhibitors present in EaTh have a molecular ion [M + H]+ at m/z = 543. This proposed method is suitable for a reliable isolation and purification of α-glucosidase inhibitors present in EaTh. It could be proposed as an interesting alternative of the classical method for the isolation and purification of α-glucosidase inhibitors in plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Abid
- Laboratory of Bio-resources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and health, Department of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Boulevard Mohamed IV, BP: 717, Oujda 60 000, Morocco
| | - Alexander Maciuk
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paris-Saclay, 5 Rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rodolphe Fishmeister
- Laboratory of Signaling and Cardiac Physiopathology, INSERM U-769, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paris-Saclay, 5 Rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Véronique Leblais
- Laboratory of Signaling and Cardiac Physiopathology, INSERM U-769, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paris-Saclay, 5 Rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Abdekhaleq Legssyer
- Laboratory of Bio-resources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and health, Department of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Boulevard Mohamed IV, BP: 717, Oujda 60 000, Morocco
| | - Hassane Mekhfi
- Laboratory of Bio-resources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and health, Department of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Boulevard Mohamed IV, BP: 717, Oujda 60 000, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Ziyyat
- Laboratory of Bio-resources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and health, Department of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Boulevard Mohamed IV, BP: 717, Oujda 60 000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Aziz
- Laboratory of Bio-resources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and health, Department of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Boulevard Mohamed IV, BP: 717, Oujda 60 000, Morocco
| | - Abdenbi Lekchiri
- Laboratory of Bio-resources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and health, Department of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Boulevard Mohamed IV, BP: 717, Oujda 60 000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bio-resources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and health, Department of Biology. Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Boulevard Mohamed IV, BP: 717, Oujda 60 000, Morocco
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3
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Miller N, Joubert E. Critical Assessment of In Vitro Screening of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Plants with Acarbose as a Reference Standard. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1078-1091. [PMID: 34662924 DOI: 10.1055/a-1557-7379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia is treated with the oral antidiabetic drug acarbose, an intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitor. Side effects of acarbose motivated a growing number of screening studies to identify novel α-glucosidase inhibitors derived from plant extracts and other natural sources. As "gold standard", acarbose is frequently included as the reference standard to assess the potency of these candidate α-glucosidase inhibitors, with many outperforming acarbose by several orders of magnitude. The results are subsequently used to identify suitable compounds/products with strong potential for in vivo efficacy. However, most α-glucosidase inhibitor screening studies use enzyme preparations obtained from nonmammalian sources (typically Saccharomyces cerevisiae), despite strong evidence that inhibition data obtained using nonmammalian α-glucosidase may hold limited value in terms of identifying α-glucosidase inhibitors with actual in vivo hypoglycemic potential. The aim was to critically discuss the screening of novel α-glucosidase inhibitors from plant sources, emphasizing inconsistencies and pitfalls, specifically where acarbose was included as the reference standard. An assessment of the available literature emphasized the cruciality of stating the biological source of α-glucosidase in such screening studies to allow for unambiguous and rational interpretation of the data. The review also highlights the lack of a universally adopted screening assay for novel α-glucosidase inhibitors and the commercial availability of a standardized preparation of mammalian α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Miller
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Yazgan B, Ozcelik O, Ayar A, Renda G, Yıldırım T. Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effect of Iris taochia Plant Extracts on Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164618666210402152159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Iris taochia is an endemic plant in Turkey. Iris species has many biological
effects such as antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Apoptosis
is a programmed cell death and this mechanism regulates the death of cancer cells.
Purpose:
The aim of our work is to investigate how the Iris taochia extracts affect the apoptotic activity
in the MCF7 cells.
Methods:
Cytotoxic dose and cell viability is determined by the MTT assay. Bad, Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-
W, Bid, Bim, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, CD40, CD40L, cIAP-2, CytoC, DR6, Fas, FasL, HSP27,
HSP60, HSP70, HTRA, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5,
IGFBP-6, IGF-1sR, Livin, p21, p27, p53, SMAC, Survivin, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, TNF-α, TNF-β,
TRAILR-1, TRAILR-2, TRAILR-3, TRAILR-4 and XIAP proteins were measured by the membrane
array kit.
Results:
Iris taochia extracts exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on MCF7 cells and IC50 values
ranging from 1.56 to 100 μg/mL. Our results indicate that MeOH extract of Iris taochia in MCF7
cells may be a regulator of cell death proteins, cell cycle and growth factors. DCM and EtOH extracts
of Iris taochia have a limited effect on MCF7 cells, especially, HSPs, which play a significant
role in chemoresistance, downregulating DCM and EtOH extracts of Iris taochia, whereas ligands
and receptors of extrinsic apoptotic pathway are upregulated by these extracts.
Conclusion:
This is the first study to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of Iris taochia
extracts on MCF7 cells. Results also showed that Iris taochia reduced cell viability and induced
apoptotic pathways as a potential regulator of cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yazgan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School,
Amasya University, Ipekköy, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Sciences, Amasya University, Ipekköy, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozcelik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, Ipekköy, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Arif Ayar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School,
Amasya University, Ipekköy, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Sciences, Amasya University, Ipekköy, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Gülin Renda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacology, Karadeniz Technical
University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Tuba Yıldırım
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Sciences, Amasya University, Ipekköy, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, Ipekköy, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
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Riyaphan J, Pham DC, Leong MK, Weng CF. In Silico Approaches to Identify Polyphenol Compounds as α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors against Type-II Diabetes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1877. [PMID: 34944521 PMCID: PMC8699780 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, and the prevalence of T2DM is increasing worldwide. Clinically, both α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes inhibitors can suppress peaks of postprandial glucose with surplus adverse effects, leading to efforts devoted to urgently seeking new anti-diabetes drugs from natural sources for delayed starch digestion. This review attempts to explore 10 families e.g., Bignoniaceae, Ericaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Campanulaceae, Geraniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Acanthaceae, Rutaceae, and Moraceae as medicinal plants, and folk and herb medicines for lowering blood glucose level, or alternative anti-diabetic natural products. Many natural products have been studied in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays to restrain hyperglycemia. In addition, natural products, and particularly polyphenols, possess diverse structures for exploring them as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Interestingly, an in silico discovery approach using natural compounds via virtual screening could directly target α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes through Monte Carto molecular modeling. Autodock, MOE-Dock, Biovia Discovery Studio, PyMOL, and Accelrys have been used to discover new candidates as inhibitors or activators. While docking score, binding energy (Kcal/mol), the number of hydrogen bonds, or interactions with critical amino acid residues have been taken into concerning the reliability of software for validation of enzymatic analysis, in vitro cell assay and in vivo animal tests are required to obtain leads, hits, and candidates in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinh-Chuong Pham
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Max K. Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
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Barber E, Houghton MJ, Williamson G. Flavonoids as Human Intestinal α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081939. [PMID: 34441720 PMCID: PMC8392382 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain flavonoids can influence glucose metabolism by inhibiting enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion and suppressing intestinal glucose absorption. In this study, four structurally-related flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol, quercetagetin and galangin) were evaluated individually for their ability to inhibit human α-glucosidases (sucrase, maltase and isomaltase), and were compared with the antidiabetic drug acarbose and the flavan-3-ol(−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Cell-free extracts from human intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cells were used as the enzyme source and products were quantified chromatographically with high accuracy, precision and sensitivity. Acarbose inhibited sucrase, maltase and isomaltase with IC50 values of 1.65, 13.9 and 39.1 µM, respectively. A similar inhibition pattern, but with comparatively higher values, was observed with EGCG. Of the flavonols, quercetagetin was the strongest inhibitor of α-glucosidases, with inhibition constants approaching those of acarbose, followed by galangin and kaempferol, while the weakest were quercetin and EGCG. The varied inhibitory effects of flavonols against human α-glucosidases depend on their structures, the enzyme source and substrates employed. The flavonols were more effective than EGCG, but less so than acarbose, and so may be useful in regulating sugar digestion and postprandial glycaemia without the side effects associated with acarbose treatment.
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Molo Z, Tel-Çayan G, Deveci E, Öztürk M, Duru ME. Insight into isolation and characterization of compounds of Chaerophyllum bulbosum aerial part with antioxidant, anticholinesterase, anti-urease, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-diabetic activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Novel hypoglycemic compounds from wild mushroom Paxillus involutus. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104984. [PMID: 34004479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wild mushrooms are an important source of secondary metabolites possessing a broad range of biological activities. In this study, eight new compounds, named furanopaxin A-F (1-6), deoxybisinvolutone (7), and coumarinvol (8) along with two known compounds were isolated from fruiting bodies of the wild mushroom Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. Their structures were established based on HR-ESI-MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The results of hypoglycemic assays indicated that compounds 5-8 possessed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with IC50 values ranging from 14.65 ± 1.68 to 47.55 ± 1.47 μM, and each compound could enhance glucose consumption in insulin-resistance HepG2 cells. Further analysis by molecular docking implied that compounds 5-8 could interact with the amino acid residues of α-glucosidase, supporting the hypoglycemic activity of the compounds.
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Hamed YS, Abdin M, Rayan AM, Saleem Akhtar HM, Zeng X. Synergistic inhibition of isolated flavonoids from Moringa oleifera leaf on α-glucosidase activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Proença C, Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Fernandes E. Flavonoids as potential agents in the management of type 2 diabetes through the modulation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3137-3207. [PMID: 33427491 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1862755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases worldwide and is characterized by increased postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors have been shown to slow the release of glucose from starch and oligosaccharides, resulting in a delay of glucose absorption and a reduction in postprandial blood glucose levels. Since current α-glucosidase inhibitors used in the management of T2D, such as acarbose, have been associated to strong gastrointestinal side effects, the search for novel and safer drugs is considered a hot topic of research. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in the Plant Kingdom and important components of the human diet. These compounds have shown promising antidiabetic activities, including the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the scientific literature concerning the structure-activity relationship of flavonoids in inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, including their type of inhibition and experimental procedures applied. For this purpose, a total of 500 compounds is covered in this review. Available data may be considered of high value for the design and development of novel flavonoid derivatives with effective and potent inhibitory activity against those carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, to be possibly used as safer alternatives for the regulation of PPHG in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Guided Isolation and Identification of Components from Mango Seed Kernel. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8858578. [PMID: 33456677 PMCID: PMC7785352 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8858578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of mango seed kernel exhibited different degrees of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Thus, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the petroleum ether fraction was conducted by GC-MS. Among identified components, four unsaturated fatty acids had never been reported in natural products before, together with 19 known components. In addition, 17 compounds were isolated and elucidated from other active fractions. Compounds 2, 9, 15, and 17 were isolated for the first time from Mangifera genus. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited prominent DPPH radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. In order to further explore their mechanism of α-glucosidase inhibition, their enzyme kinetics and in silico modeling experiments were performed. The results indicated that 1 inhibited α-glucosidase in a noncompetitive manner, whereas 2 acted in a competitive manner. In molecular docking, the stability of binding was enhanced by π-π T-shaped, π-alkyl, π-π stacked, hydrogen bond, and electrostatic interactions. Thus, compounds 1 and 2 were determined to be new potent antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors for preventing food oxidation and enhancing hypoglycemic activity.
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12
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Li S, Yin L, Yi J, Zhang LM, Yang L. Insight into interaction mechanism between theaflavin-3-gallate and α-glucosidase using spectroscopy and molecular docking analysis. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13550. [PMID: 33150631 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the α-glucosidase (α-GC) inhibitory mechanism of theaflavin-3-gallate (TF-3-G), their interaction mechanism was investigated using spectroscopy and molecular docking analysis. The inhibition ratio of TF-3-G against α-GC was determined to be 92.3%. Steady fluorescence spectroscopy showed that TF-3-G effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of α-GC through static quenching, forming a stable complex through hydrophobic interactions. Formation of the TF-3-G/α-GC complex was also confirmed by resonance light scattering spectroscopy. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of α-GC was changed by TF-3-G. Molecular docking was used to simulate TF-3-G/α-GC complex formation, showing that TF-3-G might be inserted into the hydrophobic region around the active site of ɑ-GC, and bind with the catalytic Asp215 and Asp352 residues. The ɑ-GC inhibitory mechanism of TF-3-G was mainly attributed to the change in ɑ-GC secondary structure caused by the complex formation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: α-Glucosidase (α-GC) can hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds of starch and oligosaccharides in food and release glucose. Therefore, the inhibition of α-GC activity has been used to treat postprandial hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Theaflavin-3-gallate (TF-3-G), a flavonoid found in the fermentation products of black tea, exhibits strong inhibition of α-GC activity. However, the α-GC inhibitory mechanism of TF-3-G is unclear. This study aids understanding of this mechanism, and proposed a possibly basic theory for improving the medicinal value of TF-3-G in diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yin
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juzhen Yi
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- Department of Polymer and Material Science, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Sari S, Barut B, Özel A, Saraç S. Discovery of potent α-glucosidase inhibitors through structure-based virtual screening of an in-house azole collection. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:701-710. [PMID: 33107197 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, is considered a pandemic of modern times. α-Glucosidase inhibitors emerged as a promising class of antidiabetic drugs with better tolerability compared with its alternatives. Azoles, although widely preferred in drug design, have scarcely been investigated for their potential against α-glucosidase. In this study, we evaluated α-glucosidase inhibitory effects 20 azole derivatives selected out of an in-house collection via structure-based virtual screening (VS) with consensus scoring approach. Seven compounds were identified with better IC50 values than acarbose (IC50 = 68.18 ± 1.01 µM), a well-known α-glucosidase inhibitor drug, which meant 35% success for our VS methodology. Compound 52, 54, 56, 59, and 81 proved highly potent with IC50 values in the range of 40-60 µM. According to the enzyme kinetics study, four of them were competitive, 56 was non-competitive inhibitor. Structure-activity relationships, quantum mechanical, and docking analyses showed that azole rings at ionized state may be key to the potency observed for the active compounds and modifications to shift the balance between the neutral and ionized states further to the latter could yield more potent derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Barut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Arzu Özel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.,Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selma Saraç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Ghilardi C, Sanmartin Negrete P, Carelli AA, Borroni V. Evaluation of olive mill waste as substrate for carotenoid production by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe “alperujo” is a waste from the olive oil industry with great potential for valorization. It has a high organic load, with the presence of valuable compounds such as biophenols and sugars. The use of this waste can be thought of as a biorefinery from which different compounds of high added value can be obtained, whether they are present in the “alperujo” such as biophenols or can be generated from the “alperujo”. Therefore, the production of carotenoids by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was evaluated using the liquid fraction of ‘alperujo’ (Alperujo Water, AW) or an aqueous extract (AE) of “alperujo” at different concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 30% w/V) as substrates. The AEs had an acidic pH, a total sugar concentration ranging from 1.6 to 7.6 g/L, a polyphenols content from 0.4 to 2.9 g/L and a significant amount of proteins (0.5–3 g/L). AW is similar in composition as 30% AE, but with a higher amount of total sugars. Rh. mucilaginosa was able to grow at the different mediums with consumption of glucose and fructose, a reduction in protein content and alkalinization of the medium. Maximum total carotenoid production (7.3 ± 0.6 mg/L) was achieved at AW, while the specific production was higher when the yeast grew at AW or at 30% AE (0.78 ± 0.06 and 0.73 ± 0.10 mg/g of biomass, respectively). Torulene and torularhodin were the main carotenoids produced. Polyphenol content did not change; thus, it is still possible to recover these compounds after producing carotenoids. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using alperujo-based mediums as cheap substrates to produce torularhodin and torulene and to include this bioprocess as a step in an integral approach for alperujo valorization.
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Liu X, Zang X, Yin X, Yang W, Huang J, Huang J, Yu C, Ke C, Hong Y. Semi-synthesis of C28-modified triterpene acid derivatives from maslinic acid or corosolic acid as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Graça VC, Ferreira ICFR, Santos PF. Bioactivity of the Geranium Genus: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1838-1865. [PMID: 31942856 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants from the Geranium genus, which comprises about 400 species, have been used since ancient times in the practice of traditional medicines throughout the world. Therefore, herbal preparations based on Geranium species have found wide usage for the treatment of a variety of ailments. The aim of this work is to present a review, as comprehensive as possible, of the studies concerning different biological activities of Geranium species. METHODS Relevant data were obtained through systematic computer searches from major reputed scientific databases, particularly Web of Science and Scopus. Occasionally, information issued in primary sources not covered by these databases was also included provided published as peer-reviewed literature. This review covers the literature disclosed till the end of 2018. RESULTS Accompanying the increasing interest in herbal medicines in general, the evaluation of the biological properties of medicinal plants from the Geranium genus has been addressed thoroughly, mostly over the last two decades. Geranium species are endowed with a number of different biological activities. Herein, we present a survey of the results of the studies concerning these different biological activities. CONCLUSION Most studies found in the literature effectively contribute to scientifically validate the beneficial properties of Geranium plants claimed by traditional medicines and medical herbalism and demonstrate that many of them possess evident therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia C Graça
- Centro de Quimica-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB) - Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal
| | - Paulo F Santos
- Centro de Quimica-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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17
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Chen L, Shen T, Zhang CP, Xu BL, Qiu YY, Xie XY, Wang Q, Lei T. Quercetin and Isoquercitrin Inhibiting Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Through LKB1-AMPKα Pathway. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 16:9-14. [PMID: 32685032 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To observe the impact of quercetin and isoquercitrin on gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. Methods Mouse primary hepatocytes were cultured with lactic acid and pyruvic acid. After treatment with quercetin and isoquercitrin for 24 hours, the glucose concentration in the culture supernatant was determined. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNAs of PEPCK, G6Pase, LKB1, and AMPKα. Protein levels of LKB1, AMPKα, and Thr172 phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blot. Results The glucose concentration in the gluconeogenesis group (GN) was significantly higher than in the control group (C), but the glucose concentrations in the high level quercetin(group 80Q) and high level isoquercitrin (group 80I) were significantly lower than in the group GN, P<0.01. In the group 80Q, and group 80I, the mRNA levels of PEPCK and LKB1were significantly lower than in the group GN (P<0.01), and the G6Pase mRNA were significantly lower than in the group GN (P<0.05). The protein levels of LKB1 and the phosphorylation of AMPKα Thr172 in the group 80Q, group 40I, and group 80I were higher than in the group GN. The effects of quercetin and isoquercitrin on LKB1 and AMPKα were similar to those of metformin. Conclusions Quercetin and isoquercitrin inhibit gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes, which may be related to the LKB1 upregulation and phosphorylation of AMPKα.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Dept. of Endocrinology, Shanghai, China
| | - T Shen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Dept. of Endocrinology, Shanghai, China
| | - C P Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Dept. of Endocrinology, Shanghai, China
| | - B L Xu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Dept. of Endocrinology, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Y Qiu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Dept. of Endocrinology, Shanghai, China
| | - X Y Xie
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Dept. of Endocrinology, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Dept. of Endocrinology, Shanghai, China
| | - T Lei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Dept. of Endocrinology, Shanghai, China
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18
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Guo F, Zhang S, Yan X, Dan Y, Wang J, Zhao Y, Yu Z. Bioassay-guided isolation of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory constituents from stem of Vigna angularis. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:312-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Xie YD, Shao LH, Wang QT, Bai Y, Li N, Yang G, Li YP, Bian XL. Design, synthesis and evaluation of phenylfuroxan nitric oxide-donor phenols as potential anti-diabetic agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103000. [PMID: 31132604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Both nitric oxide (NO) dysfunction and oxidative stress have been regarded as the important factors in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications. Multifunctional compounds with hypoglycemic, NO supplementation and anti-oxidation will be the promising agents for treatment of diabetes. In this study, six phenylfuroxan nitric oxide (NO) donor phenols were synthesized, which were designed via a combination approach with phenylfuroxan NO-donor and natural phenols. These novel synthetic compounds were screened in vitro for α-glucosidase inhibition, NO releasing, anti-oxidation, anti-glycation and anti-platelet aggregation activity as well as vasodilatation effects. The results exhibited that compound T5 displayed more excellent activity than other compounds. Moreover, T5 demonstrated significant hypoglycemic activity in diabetic mice and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) mice. T5 also showed NO releasing and anti-oxidation in diabetic mice. Based on these results, compound T5 deserves further study as potential new multifunctional anti-diabetic agent with antioxidant, NO releasing, anti-platelet aggregation and vasodilatation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Dong Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-Xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Tang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Community Health Service Center of Daxing New District, No. 233 Ziqiang West Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangde Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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