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Czarnota-Łydka K, Sudoł-Tałaj S, Kucwaj-Brysz K, Kurczab R, Satała G, de Candia M, Samarelli F, Altomare CD, Carocci A, Barbarossa A, Żesławska E, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Kubacka M, Wilczyńska-Zawal N, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Partyka A, Khan N, Więcek M, Nitek W, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Latacz G, Wesołowska A, Carrieri A, Handzlik J. Synthesis, computational and experimental pharmacological studies for (thio)ether-triazine 5-HT 6R ligands with noticeable action on AChE/BChE and chalcogen-dependent intrinsic activity in search for new class of drugs against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115695. [PMID: 37567058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is becoming a growing problem increasing at a tremendous rate. Serotonin 5-HT6 receptors appear to be a particularly attractive target from a therapeutic perspective, due to their involvement not only in cognitive processes, but also in depression and psychosis. In this work, we present the synthesis and broad biological characterization of a new series of 18 compounds with a unique 1,3,5-triazine backbone, as potent 5-HT6 receptor ligands. The main aim of this research is to compare the biological activity of the newly synthesized sulfur derivatives with their oxygen analogues and their N-demethylated O- and S-metabolites obtained for the first time. Most of the new triazines displayed high affinity (Ki < 200 nM) and selectivity towards 5-HT6R, with respect to 5-HT2AR, 5-HT7R, and D2R, in the radioligand binding assays. For selected, active compounds crystallographic studies, functional bioassays, and ADME-Tox profile in vitro were performed. The exciting novelty is that the sulfur derivatives exhibit an agonistic mode of action contrary to all other compounds obtained to date in this chemical class herein and previously reported. Advanced computational studies indicated that this intriguing functional shift might be caused by presence of chalcogen bonds formed only by the sulfur atom. In addition, the N-demethylated derivatives have emerged highly potent antioxidants and, moreover, show a significant improvement in metabolic stability compared to the parent structures. The cholinesterase study present micromolar inhibitory AChE and BChE activity for both 5-HT6 agonist 19 and potent antagonist 5. Finally, the behavioral experiments of compound 19 demonstrated its antidepressant-like properties and slight ability to improve cognitive deficits, without inducing memory impairments by itself. Described pharmacological properties of both compounds (5 and 19) allow to give a design clue for the development of multitarget compounds with 5-HT6 (both agonist and antagonist)/AChE and/or BChE mechanism in the group of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Czarnota-Łydka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Łazarza 15, 31-530, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Sudoł-Tałaj
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Łazarza 15, 31-530, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kucwaj-Brysz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Smętna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Smętna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Samarelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Damiano Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Alexia Barbarossa
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Ewa Żesławska
- Pedagogical University of Krakow, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Podchorążych 2, PL 30-084, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Natalia Wilczyńska-Zawal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jastrzębska-Więsek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Nadia Khan
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Łazarza 15, 31-530, Krakow, Poland; Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Czysta 18, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Więcek
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, PL 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Honkisz-Orzechowska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Antonio Carrieri
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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New Triazine Derivatives as Serotonin 5-HT 6 Receptor Ligands. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031108. [PMID: 36770774 PMCID: PMC9919591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the number of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise, new and effective drugs are urgently needed to not only slow down the progression of the disease, but to stop or even prevent its development. Serotonin 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) ligands are still a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of AD. 1,3,5-Triazine derivatives, as novel structures lacking an indole or a sulfone moiety, have proven to be potent ligands for this receptor. In present work, new derivatives of the compound MST4 (4-((2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine), the potent 5-HT6R antagonist (Ki = 11 nM) with promising ADMET and in vivo properties, were designed. The synthesized compounds were tested for their affinity towards 5-HT6R and other receptor (off)targets (serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT7 and dopamine D2). Based on the new results, 4-(2-tert-butylphenoxy)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (3) was selected for extended in vitro studies as a potent and selective 5-HT6R ligand (Ki = 13 nM). Its ability to permeate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its hepatotoxicity were evaluated. In addition, X-ray crystallography and solubility studies were also performed. The results obtained confirm that 6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine derivatives, especially compound 3, are promising structures for further pharmacological studies as 5-HT6R ligands.
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3
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Shahari MSB, Dolzhenko AV. A closer look at N2,6-substituted 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines: Advances in synthesis and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Liu S, Liu C, Tang G, Cao X, Lei X, Peng J. Research applications of “linkers” in small molecule drugs design in fragment-based. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Kucwaj-Brysz K, Ali W, Kurczab R, Sudoł S, Wilczyńska-Zawal N, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Satała G, Mordyl B, Żesławska E, Agnieszka-Olejarz-Maciej, Czarnota K, Latacz G, Partyka A, Wesołowska A, Nitek W, Handzlik J. An exit beyond the pharmacophore model for 5-HT6R agents - a new strategy to gain dual 5-HT6/5-HT2A action for triazine derivatives with procognitive potential. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Dolzhenko AV, Bin Shahari MS, Junaid A, Tiekink ERT. A New One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of 4-Aryl-6-cycloamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amines under Microwave Irradiation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1401-2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA new method for the fast synthesis of diverse 4-aryl-6-cycloamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amines was developed. The synthesis is performed under microwave irradiation in a one-pot manner from cyanoguanidine, aromatic aldehydes, and cyclic amines. Their three-component reaction in the presence of hydrochloric acid produced dihydrotriazines, which were then converted (without isolation) into the targeted compounds via aromatic dehydrogenation in the presence of alkali. The reaction tolerated various aromatic aldehydes (including heterocyclic) and cyclic amines. Crystal structures of two representative 4-aryl-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amines were established by X-ray crystallography. The results of preliminary biological screening identified potent antileukemic activity for 6-[3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-4-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University
| | | | - Ahmad Junaid
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University
| | - Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University
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Maltsev DV, Spasov AA, Miroshnikov MV, Skripka MO. Current Approaches to the Search of Anxiolytic Drugs. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Nizi MG, Desantis J, Nakatani Y, Massari S, Mazzarella MA, Shetye G, Sabatini S, Barreca ML, Manfroni G, Felicetti T, Rushton-Green R, Hards K, Latacz G, Satała G, Bojarski AJ, Cecchetti V, Kolář MH, Handzlik J, Cook GM, Franzblau SG, Tabarrini O. Antitubercular polyhalogenated phenothiazines and phenoselenazine with reduced binding to CNS receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Sudoł S, Kucwaj-Brysz K, Kurczab R, Wilczyńska N, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Satała G, Latacz G, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Żesławska E, Nitek W, Partyka A, Buzun K, Doroz-Płonka A, Wesołowska A, Bielawska A, Handzlik J. Chlorine substituents and linker topology as factors of 5-HT 6R activity for novel highly active 1,3,5-triazine derivatives with procognitive properties in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112529. [PMID: 32693296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the light of recent lines of evidence, 5-HT6R ligands are a promising tool for future treatment of memory impairment. Hence, this study has supplied highly potent 5-HT6R agents with procognitive effects, which represent an original chemical class of 1,3,5-triazines, different from widely studied sulfone and indole-like 5-HT6R ligands. The new compounds were rationally designed as modifications of lead, 4-(1-(2-chlorophenoxy)ethyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (1), involving an introduction of: (i) two chlorines at benzene ring and (ii) varied linkers joining the triazine ring to aromatic ethers. Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological tests and computer-aided SAR analysis for 19 new compounds were carried out. Most of the new triazines displayed high affinity (Ki < 100 nM) and selectivity towards 5-HT6R, with respect to 5-HT2AR, 5-HT7R and D2R. The crystallography-supported docking studies, including quantum-polarized ligand docking (QPLD), indicated that chlorine atoms may be involved in different type of halogen bonding, however, the linker properties seem to predominately affect the 5-HT6R affinity. 4-[1-(2,5-Dichlorophenoxy)propyl]-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (9), which displayed: the highest affinity (Ki = 6 nM), very strong 5-HT6R antagonistic action (KB = 27 pM), procognitive effects in vivo in novel object recognition (NOR) test in rats, a very good permeability in PAMPA model and satisfying safety in vitro, was identified as the most potent 1,3,5-triazine agent so far, useful as a new lead for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sudoł
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucwaj-Brysz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Wilczyńska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jastrzębska-Więsek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Żesławska
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, PL 30-084, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, PL 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Buzun
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland; Deparmtent of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, PL 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Agata Doroz-Płonka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Deparmtent of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, PL 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Tan XJ, Wang D, Hei XM, Yang FC, Zhu YL, Xing DX, Ma JP. Synthesis, crystal structures, antiproliferative activities and reverse docking studies of eight novel Schiff bases derived from benzil. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 76:44-63. [PMID: 31919307 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619015687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eight novel Schiff bases derived from benzil dihydrazone (BDH) or benzil monohydrazone (BMH) and four fused-ring carbonyl compounds (3-formylindole, FI; 3-acetylindole, AI; 3-formyl-1-methylindole, MFI; 1-formylnaphthalene, FN) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-QTOF-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They are (1Z,2Z)-1,2-bis{(E)-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methylidene]hydrazinylidene}-1,2-diphenylethane (BDHFI), C32H24N6, (1Z,2Z)-1,2-bis{(E)-[1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinylidene}-1,2-diphenylethane (BDHAI), C34H28N6, (1Z,2Z)-1,2-bis{(E)-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylidene]hydrazinylidene}-1,2-diphenylethane (BMHMFI) acetonitrile hemisolvate, C34H28N6·0.5CH3CN, (1Z,2Z)-1,2-bis{(E)-[(naphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]hydrazinylidene}-1,2-diphenylethane (BDHFN), C36H26N4, (Z)-2-{(E)-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methylidene]hydrazinylidene}-1,2-diphenylethanone (BMHFI), C23H17N3O, (Z)-2-{(E)-[1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinylidene}-1,2-diphenylethanone (BMHAI), C24H19N3O, (Z)-2-{(E)-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylidene]hydrazinylidene}-1,2-diphenylethanone (BMHMFI), C24H19N3O, and (Z)-2-{(E)-[(naphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]hydrazinylidene}-1,2-diphenylethanone (BMHFN) C25H18N2O. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the eight title compounds was evaluated against two tumour cell lines (A549 human lung cancer and 4T1 mouse breast cancer) and two normal cell lines (MRC-5 normal lung cells and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts) by MTT assay. The results indicate that four (BDHMFI, BDHFN, BMHMFI and BMHFN) are inactive and the other four (BDHFI, BDHAI, BMHFI and BMHAI) show severe toxicities against human A549 and mouse 4T1 cells, similar to the standard cisplatin. All the compounds exhibited weaker cytotoxicity against normal cells than cancer cells. The Swiss Target Prediction web server was applied for the prediction of protein targets. After analyzing the differences in frequency hits between these active and inactive Schiff bases, 18 probable targets were selected for reverse docking with the Surflex-dock function in SYBYL-X 2.0 software. Three target proteins, i.e. human ether-á-go-go-related (hERG) potassium channel, the inhibitor of apoptosis protein 3 and serine/threonine-protein kinase PIM1, were chosen as the targets. Finally, the ligand-based structure-activity relationships were analyzed based on the putative protein target (hERG) docking results, which will be used to design and synthesize novel hERG ion channel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jie Tan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ming Hei
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Cun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Ling Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Xiang Xing
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ping Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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11
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Are the Hydantoin-1,3,5-triazine 5-HT 6R Ligands a Hope to a Find New Procognitive and Anti-Obesity Drug? Considerations Based on Primary In Vivo Assays and ADME-Tox Profile In Vitro. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244472. [PMID: 31817628 PMCID: PMC6943527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the 5-HT6 serotonin receptor is an important target giving both agonists and antagonists similar therapeutic potency in the treatment of topic CNS-diseases, no 5-HT6R ligand has reached the pharmaceutical market yet due to the too narrow chemical space of the known 5-HT6R agents and insufficient “drugability.” Recently, a new group of non-indole and non-sulfone hydantoin-triazine 5-HT6R ligands was found, where 3-((4-amino-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methyl)-5-methyl-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (KMP-10) was the most active member. This study is focused on wider pharmacological and “druglikeness” characteristics for KMP-10. A computer-aided insight into molecular interactions with 5-HT6R has been performed. “Druglikeness” was examined using an eight-test panel in vitro, i.e., a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), and Caco-2 permeability-, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) affinity-, plasma protein binding-, metabolic stability- and drug–drug interaction-assays, as well as mutagenicity- and HepG2-hepatotoxicity risk tests. Behavioral studies in vivo, i.e., elevated plus-maze (EPM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests, were performed. Extended studies on the influence of KMP-10 on rats’ metabolism, including biochemical tests, were conducted in vivo. Results indicated significant anxiolytic and precognitive properties, as well as some anti-obesity properties in vivo, and it was found to satisfy the “druglikeness” profile in vitro for KMP-10. The compound seems to be a good lead-structure and candidate for wider pharmacological studies in search for new CNS-drugs acting via 5-HT6R.
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12
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The 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives as Innovative Chemical Family of 5-HT 6 Serotonin Receptor Agents with Therapeutic Perspectives for Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143420. [PMID: 31336820 PMCID: PMC6678253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among serotonin receptors, the 5-HT6 subtype is the most controversial and the least known in the field of molecular mechanisms. The 5-HT6R ligands can be pivotal for innovative treatment of cognitive impairment, but none has reached pharmacological market, predominantly, due to insufficient “druglikeness” properties. Recently, 1,3,5-triazine-piperazine derivatives were identified as a new chemical family of potent 5-HT6R ligands. For the most active triazine 5-HT6R agents found (1–4), a wider binding profile and comprehensive in vitro evaluation of their drug-like parameters as well as behavioral studies and an influence on body mass in vivo were investigated within this work. Results indicated the most promising pharmacological/druglikeness profiles for 4-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (3) and 4-((2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (4), which displayed a significant procognitive action and specific anxiolytic-like effects in the behavioral tests in vivo together with satisfied pharmaceutical and safety profiles in vitro. The thymol derivative (4) seems to be of higher importance as a new lead candidate, due to the innovative, non-indole and non-sulfone structure with the best 5-HT6R binding properties.
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