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Peng F, Liao M, Qin R, Zhu S, Peng C, Fu L, Chen Y, Han B. Regulated cell death (RCD) in cancer: key pathways and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:286. [PMID: 35963853 PMCID: PMC9376115 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD), also well-known as programmed cell death (PCD), refers to the form of cell death that can be regulated by a variety of biomacromolecules, which is distinctive from accidental cell death (ACD). Accumulating evidence has revealed that RCD subroutines are the key features of tumorigenesis, which may ultimately lead to the establishment of different potential therapeutic strategies. Hitherto, targeting the subroutines of RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue, which has rapidly progressed in many types of human cancers. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing not only the key apoptotic and autophagy-dependent cell death signaling pathways, but the crucial pathways of other RCD subroutines, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, entosis, NETosis and lysosome-dependent cell death (LCD) in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss the current situation of several small-molecule compounds targeting the different RCD subroutines to improve cancer treatment, such as single-target, dual or multiple-target small-molecule compounds, drug combinations, and some new emerging therapeutic strategies that would together shed new light on future directions to attack cancer cell vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs targeting RCD for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Zhang Z, Bai L, Hou L, Deng H, Luan S, Liu D, Huang M, Zhao L. Trends in targeting Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins for cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sulfonamide derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents and their SARs elucidation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113837. [PMID: 34530384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the arise of drug resistance and undesirable off-target effects of anti-cancer agents are major challenges for cancer treatment, which energizes medicinal chemists to develop more anti-cancer agents with high efficiency and low toxicity continuously. Sulfonamide derivatives are a class of promising compounds with diverse biological activities including anti-cancer, and parts of them have been marketed for cancer therapy, such as Belinostat, ABT-199 and Amsacrine. In this review, we summed up the recent advances of sulfonamide derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents based on the anti-cancer targets, such as aromatase, carbonic anhydrase (CA), anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins, topoisomerase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and elucidated the corresponding structure-activity relationships (SARs) of most sulfonamide derivatives. We hope this review could provide a clear insight for medicinal chemists in the rational design of more potent and bio-target specific anti-cancer agents.
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Faheem, Karan Kumar B, Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar K, Chander S, Kunjiappan S, Murugesan S. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) as privileged scaffold for anticancer de novo drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1119-1147. [PMID: 33908322 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1916464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is a dreadful disorder that is emerging as one of the leading causes of mortality across the globe. The complex tumor environment, supplemented with drawbacks of the existing drugs, has made it a global health concern. The Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring holds an important position in medicinal chemistry due to its wide range of pharmacological properties. Several THIQ based natural products have been previously explored for their antitumor properties, making it a vital scaffold for anticancer drug design.Areas covered: This review article addresses the potential of THIQ as anticancer agents. Various medicinal chemistry strategies employed for the design and development of THIQ analogs as inhibitors or modulators of relevant anticancer targets have been discussed in detail. Moreover, the common strategies employed for the synthesis of the core scaffold are also highlighted.Expert opinion: Evidently, THIQs have tremendous potential in anticancer drug design. Some of these analogs exhibited potent activity against various cancer molecular targets. However, there are some drawbacks, such as selectivity that need addressing. The synthetic ease for constructing the core scaffold complimented with its reactivity makes it ideal for further structure-activity relationship studies. For these reasons, THIQ is a privileged scaffold for the design and development of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | | | - Subhash Chander
- Amity Institute of Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
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Liu L, Liu R, Yang X, Hou X, Fang H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosine derivatives as Mcl-1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhu J, Wang Z, Guo Z, Zhang X, Song T, Guo Y, Ji T, Zhang Z. Structure‐based design, synthesis, and evaluation of Bcl‐2/Mcl‐1 dual inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000005. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalian China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Zhang Dayu School of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalian China
| | - Zongwei Guo
- School of Life Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalian China
| | - Ting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalian China
| | - Yafei Guo
- School of Life Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian China
| | - Tong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalian China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalian China
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