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Ahmed A, Zaib S, Bhat MA, Saeed A, Altaf MZ, Zahra FT, Shabir G, Rana N, Khan I. Acyl pyrazole sulfonamides as new antidiabetic agents: synthesis, glucosidase inhibition studies, and molecular docking analysis. Front Chem 2024; 12:1380523. [PMID: 38694406 PMCID: PMC11061460 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1380523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multi-systematic chronic metabolic disorder and life-threatening disease resulting from impaired glucose homeostasis. The inhibition of glucosidase, particularly α-glucosidase, could serve as an effective methodology in treating diabetes. Attributed to the catalytic function of glucosidase, the present research focuses on the synthesis of sulfonamide-based acyl pyrazoles (5a-k) followed by their in vitro and in silico screening against α-glucosidase. The envisaged structures of prepared compounds were confirmed through NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. All compounds were found to be more potent against α-glucosidase than the standard drug, acarbose (IC50 = 35.1 ± 0.14 µM), with IC50 values ranging from 1.13 to 28.27 µM. However, compound 5a displayed the highest anti-diabetic activity (IC50 = 1.13 ± 0.06 µM). Furthermore, in silico studies revealed the intermolecular interactions of most potent compounds (5a and 5b), with active site residues reflecting the importance of pyrazole and sulfonamide moieties. This interaction pattern clearly manifests various structure-activity relationships, while the docking results correspond to the IC50 values of tested compounds. Hence, recent investigation reveals the medicinal significance of sulfonamide-clubbed pyrazole derivatives as prospective therapeutic candidates for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atteeque Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zain Altaf
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Tuz Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nehal Rana
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Saeed A, Ahmed A, Haider MB, Ismail H, Hayat K, Shabir G, El-Seedi HR. Novel pyrazoline linked acyl thiourea pharmacophores as antimicrobial, urease, amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors: design, synthesis, SAR and molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1018-1033. [PMID: 38174269 PMCID: PMC10759180 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a small library of novel pyrazolinyl-acyl thiourea (5a-j) was designed and synthesized through a multistep sequence and the synthesized compounds were screened for their antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant activities as well as urease, amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The synthesized series (5a-o) was characterized using a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. All compounds (5a-j) were found to have significant potency against urease, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and DPPH. The synthesized compounds were also screened for potential antibacterial and anti-fungal inhibition activities. IC50 values for all the prepared compounds for urease, α-glucosidase, amylase, and DPPH inhibition were determined and derivatives 5b and 5g were found to be the most potent urease inhibitors with IC50 values of 54.2 ± 0.32 and 43.6 ± 0.25 μM, respectively. Whilst compound 5b (IC50 = 68.3 ± 0.11 μM) is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, compound 5f (90.3 ± 1.08 μM) is a potent amylase inhibitor and compound 5b (103.4 ± 1.15 μM) is a potent antioxidant. The different substitutions on the phenyl ring were the basis for structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. The molecular docking study was performed for the confirmation of binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Atteeque Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Main Bilal Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Khizar Hayat
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-51-9064-2241 +92-51-9064-2128
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- International Research Centre for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah Madinah 42351 Saudi Arabia
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3
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Mendieta-Wejebe JE, Rosales-Hernández MC, Padilla-Martínez II, García-Báez EV, Cruz A. Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of (Thio)Urea Benzothiazole Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9488. [PMID: 37298442 PMCID: PMC10253887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(Thio)ureas ((T)Us) and benzothiazoles (BTs) each have demonstrated to have a great variety of biological activities. When these groups come together, the 2-(thio)ureabenzothizoles [(T)UBTs] are formed, improving the physicochemical as well as the biological properties, making these compounds very interesting in medicinal chemistry. Frentizole, bentaluron and methabenzthiazuron are examples of UBTs used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and as wood preservatives and herbicides in winter corn crops, respectively. With this antecedent, we recently reported a bibliographic review about the synthesis of this class of compounds, from the reaction of substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles (ABTs) with iso(thio)cyanates, (thio)phosgenes, (thio)carbamoyl chlorides, 1,1'-(thio)carbonyldiimidazoles, and carbon disulfide. Herein, we prepared a bibliographic review about those features of design, chemical synthesis, and biological activities relating to (T)UBTs as potential therapeutic agents. This review is about synthetic methodologies generated from 1968 to the present day, highlighting the focus to transform (T)UBTs to compounds containing a range substituents, as illustrated with 37 schemes and 11 figures and concluded with 148 references. In this topic, the scientists dedicated to medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical industry will find useful information for the design and synthesis of this interesting group of compounds with the aim of repurposing these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Mendieta-Wejebe
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (J.E.M.-W.); (M.C.R.-H.)
| | - Martha C. Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (J.E.M.-W.); (M.C.R.-H.)
| | - Itzia I. Padilla-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de Mexico 07340, Mexico; (I.I.P.-M.); (E.V.G.-B.)
| | - Efrén V. García-Báez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de Mexico 07340, Mexico; (I.I.P.-M.); (E.V.G.-B.)
| | - Alejandro Cruz
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de Mexico 07340, Mexico; (I.I.P.-M.); (E.V.G.-B.)
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Gulati HK, Kumar N, Sharma A, Jyoti, Khanna A, Sharma S, Salwan R, Bedi PMS. A comprehensive review on Triazole based Conjugates as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Design Strategies, Synthesis, Biological Activity, Structure Activity Relationships, Molecular Docking Studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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5
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A series of 1,2,3-triazole compounds: Synthesis, characterization, and investigation of the cholinesterase inhibitory properties via in vitro and in silico studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Exploring the multi-target enzyme inhibition potential of new sulfonamido-thiazoline derivatives; Synthesis and computational studies. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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7
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Ahmed ZB, Hefied F, Mahammed TH, Seidel V, Yousfi M. Identification of potential
anti‐Alzheimer
agents from
Pistacia atlantica
Desf. galls using
UPLC
fingerprinting, chemometrics, and molecular docking analyses. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Ben Ahmed
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentale Université Amar Telidji Laghouat Algérie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Belgium
| | - Fatiha Hefied
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentale Université Amar Telidji Laghouat Algérie
| | | | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentale Université Amar Telidji Laghouat Algérie
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Obaid RJ, Naeem N, Mughal EU, Al-Rooqi MM, Sadiq A, Jassas RS, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Inhibitory potential of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur containing heterocyclic scaffolds against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19764-19855. [PMID: 35919585 PMCID: PMC9275557 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03081k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocycles are the key structures in organic chemistry owing to their immense applications in the biological, chemical, and pharmaceutical fields. Heterocyclic compounds perform various noteworthy functions in nature, medication, innovation etc. Most frequently, pure nitrogen heterocycles or various positional combinations of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms in five or six-membered rings can be found. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes is a popular strategy for the management of numerous mental diseases. In this context, cholinesterase inhibitors are utilized to relieve the symptoms of neurological illnesses like dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present review focuses on various heterocyclic scaffolds and their role in designing and developing new potential AChE and BChE inhibitors to treat AD. Moreover, a detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been established for the future discovery of novel drugs for the treatment of AD. Most of the heterocyclic motifs have been used in the design of new potent cholinesterase inhibitors. In this regard, this review is an endeavor to summarize the biological and chemical studies over the past decade (2010-2022) describing the pursuit of new N, O and S containing heterocycles which can offer a rich supply of promising AChE and BChE inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami J Obaid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | | | - Munirah M Al-Rooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551 Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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9
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Tezcan B, Gök Y, Sevinçek R, Taslimi P, Taskin‐Tok T, Aktaş A, Güzel B, Aygün M, Gülçin I. Benzimidazolium salts bearing the trifluoromethyl group as organofluorine compounds: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, in silico study, and inhibitory profiles against acetylcholinesterase and α‐glycosidase. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23001. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Tezcan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | - Yetkin Gök
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science Inonu University Malatya Turkey
| | - Resul Sevinçek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Dokuz Eylul University İzmir Buca Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Bartin University Bartin Turkey
| | - Tugba Taskin‐Tok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey
| | - Aydın Aktaş
- Department of Pathology, Vocational School of Health Service Inonu University Malatya Turkey
| | - Bilgehan Güzel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Dokuz Eylul University İzmir Buca Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Atatürk University Erzurum Turkey
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10
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Queiroz JE, Dias LD, Verde GMV, Aquino GLB, Camargo AJ. An Update on the synthesis and pharmacological properties of pyrazoles obtained from Chalcone. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220119110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
A review concerning the synthesis and pharmacological properties of pyrazoles obtained from Chalcone described in the literature over the last 5 years (2016-2020) was presented and discussed. Among the synthetic approaches for pyrazoles described so far, the cyclization and acetylation method of α,β-unsaturated chalcones and substituted hydrazine was selected and analyzed. 105 pyrazole derivatives (3-107) were evaluated as well as their pharmacological activities, namely, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, antiplasmodial, Alzheimer's disease, enzymes inhibition (like acetylcholinesterase, carbonic anhydrase, and malonyl CoA decarboxylase), anticonvulsant, among others. Pyrazolic compounds are widely used in the new drugs design with a wide spectrum of pharmacological approaches, therefore, it is relevant to research the synthetic methods and therapeutic properties of different pyrazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline E Queiroz
- Laboratório de pesquisa em Bioprodutos e Síntese, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Lucas D Dias
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Giuliana M Vila Verde
- Laboratório de pesquisa em Bioprodutos e Síntese, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Gilberto LB Aquino
- Laboratório de pesquisa em Bioprodutos e Síntese, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Ademir J Camargo
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
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Cetin A, Bursal E, Türkan F. 2-methylindole analogs as cholinesterases and glutathione S-transferase inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, and pharmacokinetic studies. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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12
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Design, synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation, and molecular docking of novel chiral urea/thiourea derivatives bearing indole, benzimidazole, and benzothiazole scaffolds. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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13
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Kostopoulou I, Diassakou A, Kavetsou E, Kritsi E, Zoumpoulakis P, Pontiki E, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Detsi A. Novel quinolinone-pyrazoline hybrids: synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Mol Divers 2021; 25:723-740. [PMID: 32065346 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present project deals with the investigation of structure-activity relationship of several quinolinone-chalcone and quinolinone-pyrazoline hybrids, in an effort to discover promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. In order to accomplish this goal, four bioactive hybrid quinolinone-chalcone compounds (8a-8d) were synthesized via an aldol condensation reaction, which were then chemically modified, forming fifteen new pyrazoline analogues (9a-9o). All the synthesized analogues were in vitro evaluated in terms of their antioxidant and soybean lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activity. Among all the pyrazoline derivatives, compounds 9b and 9m were found to possess the best combined activity, whereas 9b analogue exhibited the most potent LOX inhibitory activity, with IC50 value 10 μM. The in silico docking results revealed that the synthetic pyrazoline analogue 9b showed high AutoDock Vina score (- 10.3 kcal/mol), while all the tested derivatives presented allosteric interactions with the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kostopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Diassakou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Kavetsou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Eftichia Kritsi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Detsi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece.
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Chatzidaki M, Kostopoulou I, Kourtesi C, Pitterou I, Avramiotis S, Xenakis A, Detsi A. β-Cyclodextrin as carrier of novel antioxidants: A structural and efficacy study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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Gungor O, Kurtar SNK, Kose M. Water soluble biguanide salts and their 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Seven biguanide derivatives were prepared by the nucleophilic reaction between dicyandiamide and p-substitute aniline derivatives or memantine or adamantine under acidic conditions. The cyclization of the biguanide compounds were also conducted via acetone to give 1,3,5-triazine derivatives. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical methods. The solid state structures of [HL5]Cl, [H2L7]Cl2, [HL1a]Cl and [HL5a]Cl were investigated by X-ray diffraction study. The acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitor properties of the compounds were then evaluated by the spectroscopic method. The compounds were found to show considerable acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities compared to the approved drugs. The cyclization of biguanide derivatives with acetone did not affect inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, yet increased the α-glucosidase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Gungor
- Chemistry Department , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , 46050 , Turkey
| | - Seda Nur Kertmen Kurtar
- Material Science and Engineering Department , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , 46050 , Turkey
| | - Muhammet Kose
- Chemistry Department , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , 46050 , Turkey
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