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Gül S, Açıkgöz E, Çakır M, Menges N. Design and Synthesis of ESIPT-Based Imidazole Derivatives for Cell Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24291-24298. [PMID: 38882084 PMCID: PMC11171098 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based fluorescent molecules offer several exciting applications and are utilized most frequently as a cell imaging agent. Because of this, four distinct imidazole derivatives with ESIPT emission have been synthesized, and their fluorescence characteristics have been assessed in a variety of settings. Measurements using fluorescence spectroscopy have shown a promising candidate for cell staining, and potential candidate was specifically investigated for cell imaging uses in HT-29, MDA-MB-231, and HaCaT. Cytotoxicity of candidate molecule (1d) was analyzed using HT-29 and HaCaT cell lines, and at a dosage of 160 μM, HT-29 and HaCaT cell lines showed no signs of important cell toxicity. When spectroscopically measured, compound 1d showed no fluorescence ability in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. However, after 8 h of incubation in several cell lines, excellent fluorescence characteristics were seen in the green and red filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergen Gül
- Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, 42100 Konya, Türkiye
| | - Eda Açıkgöz
- School of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, 65080 Van, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Çakır
- School of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, 65080 Van, Türkiye
| | - Nurettin Menges
- Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, 42100 Konya, Türkiye
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, 65080 Van, Türkiye
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2
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Liu XM, Xia QY, Ju XH. Theoretical investigation on regulating photophysical properties and proton transfer behavior by electronegativity for near-infrared emitting styryl dyes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:575-585. [PMID: 38386257 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Our main focus is to explore the atomic electronegativity-dependent photoinduced behavior of styryl derivatives (HBO, HBS, and HBSe). The results of structural parameter calculation by the DFT method show that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds of normal and tautomer form are strengthened and weakened, respectively, in an excited state (S1), which is conducive to the excited intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. The enhancement of excited hydrogen bond is beneficial to the ESIPT process from the aspects of infrared vibration frequency (IR), Mulliken's charge analysis, and density gradient reduction (RDG). Additionally, by determining the bond energy with the band critical point (BCP) parameter, we found that the lower the electronegativity of the atom, the larger the hydrogen bond strength at the excited state and the more likely ESIPT reaction occurs. Meanwhile, the intramolecular H-bonds O-H…N in HBO, HBS, and HBSe are enhanced with the weakened electron-withdrawing capacity of the atom (from O to S and Se). Subsequently, frontier molecular orbital (FMOs) and charge density difference (CDD) analyses essentially revealed that electron redistribution induces the ESIPT process. Low atomic electronegativity exhibits the high chemical activity of the excited state. Furthermore, to demonstrate the electronegativity-dependent ESIPT behavior of the system, we built potential energy curves (PECs) and located the transition states (TS) of proton transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ying Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Hai Ju
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Li Y, Tuttle MA, Liu Q, Pang Y. An NIR-emitting cyanine dye with pyridinium groups: the impact of regio-bond connection on the photophysical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2208-2211. [PMID: 38304975 PMCID: PMC10878061 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Two ESIPT-based isomeric cyanines were synthesized with significant bathochromic shift in the optical absorption λabs and emission λem, along with a very large Stokes shift. Probe 2 exhibited a longer conjugation and better photostability. Both compounds exhibited good selectivity for labeling the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells and the hair cells of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Matthew A Tuttle
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Yi Pang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
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4
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Khan Z, Sekar N. Deep Red to NIR Emitting Xanthene Hybrids: Xanthene‐Hemicyanine Hybrids and Xanthene‐Coumarin Hybrids. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Khan
- Department of Dyestuff Technology (Currently named as Department of Specialty Chemicals Technology) Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E) Mumbai Maharashtra India, PIN 400019
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology (Currently named as Department of Specialty Chemicals Technology) Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E) Mumbai Maharashtra India, PIN 400019
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5
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Filho MS, Moraes ES, da Luz LC, da Silveira Santos F, Martin AR, Benhida R, Duarte LGTA, Rodembusch FS. Synthesis, photophysics, and theoretical calculations of styryl-based fluorophores harboring substituted benzothiazole acceptors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Wangngae S, Ngivprom U, Khrootkaew T, Worakaensai S, Lai RY, Kamkaew A. Cationic styryl dyes for DNA labelling and selectivity toward cancer cells and Gram-negative bacteria. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2115-2122. [PMID: 36712646 PMCID: PMC9832362 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07601b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence-based methods are important tools for the analysis of nucleic acids in vitro and in cells. In this study, two cationic cyanine-styryl derivatives were produced using a two-step synthesis. Their optical properties were evaluated in different solvents, and frontier molecular orbital theory was utilized to interpret the findings. The DNA binding of these molecules was investigated to show fluorescence intensification. The molecular docking of both dyes in DNA illustrated the relevance of the electrostatic interaction between the quaternary ammonium of both dyes and the phosphate of the DNA backbone. Last but not least, applications of the synthesized styryl dyes were demonstrated to be selective towards cancer cells and particular kinds of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirilak Wangngae
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand
| | - Utumporn Ngivprom
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand,Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand
| | - Tunyawat Khrootkaew
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand
| | - Suphanida Worakaensai
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand,Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand
| | - Rung-Yi Lai
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand,Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand
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7
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Li Y, Dahal D, Pang Y. Fluorescence Lifetimes of NIR-Emitting Molecules with Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010125. [PMID: 36615319 PMCID: PMC9822172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular probes based on the excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) mechanism have emerged to be attractive candidates for various applications. Although the steady-state fluorescence mechanisms of these ESIPT-based probes have been reported extensively, less information is available about the fluorescence lifetime characteristics of newly developed NIR-emitting dyes. In this study, four NIR-emitting ESIPT dyes with different cyanine terminal groups were investigated to evaluate their fluorescence lifetime characteristics in a polar aprotic solvent such as CH2Cl2. By using the time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) method, these ESIPT-based dyes revealed a two-component exponential decay (τ1 and τ2) in about 2-4 nanoseconds (ns). These two components could be related to the excited keto tautomers. With the aid of model compounds (5 and 6) and low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy (at -189 ℃), this study identified the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) as one of the major factors that influenced the τ values. The results of this study also revealed that both fluorescence lifetimes and fractional contributions of each component were significantly affected by the probe structures.
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Dahal D, Ojha KR, Pokhrel S, Paruchuri S, Konopka M, Liu Q, Pang Y. NIR-emitting styryl dyes with large Stokes' shifts for imaging application: From cellular plasma membrane, mitochondria to Zebrafish neuromast. DYES AND PIGMENTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2021; 194:109629. [PMID: 34366501 PMCID: PMC8345024 DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) emitting probes with very large Stokes' shifts play a crucial role in bioimaging applications, as the optical signals in this region exhibit high signal to background ratio and allow deeper tissue penetration. Herein we illustrate NIR-emitting probe 2 with very large Stokes' shifts (Δλ ≈ 260 - 272 nm) by integrating the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) unit 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) into a pyridinium derived cyanine. The ESIPT not only enhances the Stokes' shifts but also improves the quantum efficiency of the probe 2 (фfl = 0.27 - 0.40 in DCM). The application of 2 in live cells imaging reveals that compound 2 stains mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, normal human lungs fibroblast (NHLF), Zebrafish's neuromast hair cells, and support cells, and inner plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells, Escherichia coli (E. coli).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Dahal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Krishna R Ojha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Sabita Pokhrel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Michael Konopka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Yi Pang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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9
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Li Y, Dahal D, Abeywickrama CS, Pang Y. Progress in Tuning Emission of the Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT)-Based Fluorescent Probes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6547-6553. [PMID: 33748566 PMCID: PMC7970461 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we will summarize our recent progress in the design and application of novel organic sensors with emission in the near-infrared region (600-900 nm). By coupling different functional groups with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) segments, new probes are developed to achieve a large Stokes shift, high sensitivity, and selectivity and to tune the emission toward the near-infrared region. The developed probes exhibit attractive optical properties for bioimaging and environmental science applications. In addition, we further discuss the photophysical properties of ESIPT dyes and how their fluorescence could be affected by structural/environmental factors, which should be considered during the development of robust ESIPT-based fluorescence probes. Their potential applications as imaging reagents are illustrated for intracellular membranes, mitochondria, lysosomes, and some biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Dipendra Dahal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | | | - Yi Pang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Maurice
Morton Institute of Polymer Science, University
of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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10
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Li J, Feng S, Xu L, Feng X. Fluoride anion sensing mechanism of 2‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)‐3‐hydroxy‐4
H
‐chromen‐4‐one chemosensor based on inhibition of excited state intramolecular ultrafast proton transfer. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou China
| | - Shiquan Feng
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou China
| | - Liancai Xu
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou China
| | - Xuechao Feng
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou China
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