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Ramakrishna K, Karuturi P, Siakabinga Q, T A G, Krishnamurthy S, Singh S, Kumari S, Kumar GS, Sobhia ME, Rai SN. Indole-3 Carbinol and Diindolylmethane Mitigated β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity and Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Activity: In Silico, In Vitro, and Network Pharmacology Study. Diseases 2024; 12:184. [PMID: 39195183 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12080184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and increased acetylcholinesterase (AchE) enzyme activities. Indole 3 carbinol (I3C) and diindolylmethane (DIM) are reported to have neuroprotective activities against various neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, neonatal asphyxia, depression, stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity, except for AD. In the present study, we have investigated the anti-AD effects of I3C and DIM. Methods: Docking and molecular dynamic studies against AchE enzyme and network pharmacological studies were conducted for I3C and DIM. I3C and DIM's neuroprotective effects against self and AchE-induced Aβ aggregation were investigated. The neuroprotective effects of I3C and DIM against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity were assessed in SH-S5Y5 cells by observing cell viability and ROS. Results: Docking studies against AchE enzyme with I3C and DIM show binding efficiency of -7.0 and -10.3, respectively, and molecular dynamics studies revealed a better interaction and stability between I3C and AchE and DIM and AchE. Network pharmacological studies indicated that I3C and DIM interacted with several proteins involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Further, I3C and DIM significantly inhibited the AchE (IC50: I3C (18.98 µM) and DIM (11.84 µM)) and self-induced Aβ aggregation. Both compounds enhanced the viability of SH-S5Y5 cells that are exposed to Aβ and reduced ROS. Further, I3C and DIM show equipotential neuroprotection when compared to donepezil. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that both I3C and DIM show anti-AD effects by inhibiting the Aβ induced neurotoxicity and AchE activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakarla Ramakrishna
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Praditha Karuturi
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Queen Siakabinga
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gajendra T A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, IIT BHU, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, IIT BHU, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreya Singh
- SBS College of Pharmacy, Malwan, Fatehpur 212664, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonia Kumari
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - G Siva Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - M Elizabeth Sobhia
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bajad NG, Singh RB, T A G, Gutti G, Kumar A, Krishnamurthy S, Singh SK. Development of multi-targetable chalcone derivatives bearing N-aryl piperazine moiety for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107082. [PMID: 38199142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) discovery has been gaining immense attention in the development of therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The strategy has been evolved as an auspicious approach suitable to combat the heterogeneity and the multifactorial nature of AD. Therefore, multi-targetable chalcone derivatives bearing N-aryl piperazine moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the treatment of AD. All the synthesized compounds were screened for thein vitro activityagainst acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butylcholinesterase (BuChE), β-secretase-1 (BACE-1), and inhibition of amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation. Amongst all the tested derivatives, compound 41bearing unsubstituted benzylpiperazine fragment and para-bromo substitution at the chalcone scaffold exhibited balanced inhibitory profile against the selected targets. Compound 41 elicited favourable permeation across the blood-brain barrier in the PAMPA assay. The molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies revealed the binding mode analysis and protein-ligand stability ofthe compound with AChE and BACE-1. Furthermore,itameliorated cognitive dysfunctions and signified memory improvement in thein-vivobehavioural studies (scopolamine-induced amnesia model). Theex vivobiochemical analysis of mice brain homogenates established the reduced AChE and increased ACh levels. The antioxidant activity of compound 41 was accessed with the determination of catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The findings suggested thatcompound 41, containing a privileged chalcone scaffold, can act as a lead molecule for developing AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Gajanan Bajad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, India
| | | | - Gajendra T A
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, India.
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Pourtaher H, Mohammadi Y, Hasaninejad A, Iraji A. Highly efficient, catalyst-free, one-pot sequential four-component synthesis of novel spiroindolinone-pyrazole scaffolds as anti-Alzheimer agents: in silico study and biological screening. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:207-222. [PMID: 38283217 PMCID: PMC10809384 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that impacts memory, thinking, and behavior, and currently, there is no effective cure available for its treatment. This study explored a one-pot strategy for synthesizing spiroindolinone-pyrazole derivatives through a sequential four-component condensation reaction. These derivatives were further investigated for their potential as anti-Alzheimer's disease agents. The developed synthetic procedure provides remarkable advantages, including a clean reaction profile, abundant starting materials, operational simplicity, and easy purification without traditional methods with good to excellent yields (84-96%). Next, the biological potencies of the newly synthesized spiroindolinone-pyrazole derivatives against AChE and BChE as Alzheimer's disease-related targets were determined. Also, the kinetic study and cytotoxicity of the most potent derivative were investigated. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics evaluations were performed employing in silico tools to investigate the interaction, orientation, and conformation of the potent analog over the active site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hormoz Pourtaher
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University Bushehr Iran
| | - Yasaman Mohammadi
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz 7134845794 Iran
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Alireza Hasaninejad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University Bushehr Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz 7134845794 Iran
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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Gutti G, Leifeld J, Kakarla R, Bajad NG, Ganeshpurkar A, Kumar A, Krishnamurthy S, Klein-Schmidt C, Tapken D, Hollmann M, Singh SK. Discovery of triazole-bridged aryl adamantane analogs as an intriguing class of multifunctional agents for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115670. [PMID: 37515920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder associated with slow loss of brain functions leading to memory failure and modest changes in behavior. The multifactorial neuropathological condition is due to a depletion of cholinergic neurons and accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. Recently, a multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) strategy has emerged as a robust drug discovery tool to overcome current challenges. In this research work, we aimed to design and develop a library of triazole-bridged aryl adamantane analogs for the treatment of AD. All synthesized analogs were characterized and evaluated through various in vitro and in vivo biological studies. The optimal compounds 32 and 33 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (32 - IC50 = 0.086 μM; 33 - 0.135 μM), and significant Aβ aggregation inhibition (20 μM). N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (GluN1-1b/GluN2B subunit combination) antagonistic activity of compounds 32 and 33 measured upon heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes showed IC50 values of 3.00 μM and 2.86 μM, respectively. The compounds possessed good blood-brain barrier permeability in the PAMPA assay and were safe for SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma (10 μM) and HEK-293 cell lines (30 μM). Furthermore, in vivo behavioral studies in rats demonstrated that both compounds improved cognitive and spatial memory impairment at a dose of 10 mg/kg oral administration. Together, our findings suggest triazole-bridged aryl adamantane as a promising new scaffold for the development of anti-Alzheimer's drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopichand Gutti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India; Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jennifer Leifeld
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ramakrishna Kakarla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nilesh Gajanan Bajad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Christina Klein-Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Tapken
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Hollmann
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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El Alaouy MA, Alaqarbeh M, Ouabane M, Zaki H, ElBouhi M, Badaoui H, Moukhliss Y, Sbai A, Maghat H, Lakhlifi T, Bouachrine M. Computational Prediction of 3,5-Diaryl-1H-Pyrazole and spiropyrazolines derivatives as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for alzheimer disease treatment by 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADME-Tox. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37655700 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of 40 synthesized variants of 3,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazole and spiropyrazoline' derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is verified using a quantitative three-dimensional structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) by comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) models. In this research, different field models proved that CoMSIA/SE model is the best model with high predictive power compared to several models (Qved2 = O.65; R2 = 0.980; R2test = 0.727). Also, contour maps produced by CoMSIA/SE model have been employed to prove the key structural needs of the activity. Consequently, six new compounds have been generated. Among these compounds, M4 and M5 were the most active but remained toxic and had poor absorption capacities. While the M1, M2, M3 and M6 remained highly active while respecting ADMET's characteristics. Molecular docking results showed compound M2 better with acetylcholinesterase than compound 22. The interactions are classical hydrogen bonding with residues TYR:124, TYR:72, and SER:293, which play a critical role in the biological activity as AChE inhibitors. MD results confirmed the docking results and showed that compound M2 had satisfactory stability with (ΔGbinding = -151.225 KJ/mol) in the active site of AChE receptor compared with compound 22 (ΔGbinding = -133.375 KJ/mol). In addition, both compounds had good stability regarding RMSD, Rg, and RMSF. The previous results show that the newly designed compound M2 is more active in the active site of AChE receptor than compound 22.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Ahfid El Alaouy
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | | | - Mohamed Ouabane
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hanane Zaki
- BIO Laboratory, EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Slimane University Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mohamed ElBouhi
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hassan Badaoui
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Youness Moukhliss
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahid Sbai
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hamid Maghat
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Tahar Lakhlifi
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
- EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Benimellal, Morocco
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Waiker DK, Verma A, A GT, Singh N, Roy A, Dilnashin H, Tiwari V, Trigun SK, Singh SP, Krishnamurthy S, Lama P, Davisson VJ, Shrivastava SK. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Piperazine and N-Benzylpiperidine Hybrids of 5-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol as Potential Multitargeted Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37216500 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Our present work demonstrates the successful design and synthesis of a new class of compounds based upon a multitargeted directed ligand design approach to discover new agents for use in Alzheimer's disease (AD). All the compounds were tested for their in vitro inhibitory potential against human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), human butylcholinesterase (hBChE), β-secretase-1 (hBACE-1), and amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation. Compounds 5d and 5f have shown hAChE and hBACE-1 inhibition comparable to donepezil, while hBChE inhibition was comparable to rivastigmine. Compounds 5d and 5f also demonstrated a significant reduction in the formation of Aβ aggregates through the thioflavin T assay and confocal, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy studies and significantly displaced the total propidium iodide, that is, 54 and 51% at 50 μM concentrations, respectively. Compounds 5d and 5f were devoid of neurotoxic liabilities against RA/BDNF (RA = retinoic acid; BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor)-differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines at 10-80 μM concentrations. In both the scopolamine- and Aβ-induced mouse models for AD, compounds 5d and 5f demonstrated significant restoration of learning and memory behaviors. A series of ex vivo studies of hippocampal and cortex brain homogenates showed that 5d and 5f elicit decreases in AChE, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels, an increase in glutathione level, and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA. The histopathological examination of mice revealed normal neuronal appearance in the hippocampal and cortex regions of the brain. Western blot analysis of the same tissue indicated a reduction in Aβ, amyloid precursor protein (APP)/Aβ, BACE-1, and tau protein levels, which were non-significant compared to the sham group. The immunohistochemical analysis also showed significantly lower expression of BACE-1 and Aβ levels, which was comparable to donepezil-treated group. Compounds 5d and 5f represent new lead candidates for developing AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digambar Kumar Waiker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Akash Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gajendra T A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anima Roy
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surya P Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prem Lama
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Tech. Block, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vincent Jo Davisson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 479047, United States
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Tripathi P, Ganeshpurkar A, Singh SK, Krishnamurthy S. Identification of novel glucocerebrosidase chaperone for potential treatment of Parkinson's disease: An approach using in silico virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics, and in vitro studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:453-466. [PMID: 36565835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase), a GBA1 gene-encoded lysosomal enzyme, is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Chaperones that increase GCase activity can potentially be disease-modifying agents in PD. To date, none of the registered treatments has demonstrated disease-modifying effects. Thus, chaperones for GCase were identified using in-silico virtual screening, molecular property filtering, and molecular dynamics and validated by circular dichroism, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopies. In-vitro enzyme kinetics, thermal denaturation assay (TDA), and cell-line model were used to test their potential for GCase In-silico investigation revealed four compounds as candidate chaperones with adequate brain penetrability and binding energy (BE). Of them, GC466 showed ideal chaperoning characteristics, including potent BE -8.92 ± 0.68 Kcal/mol and binding affinity (Ki) 0.64 ± 0.12 μM against rGCase (Asp146, Phe265, and His329 residues) at pH 7.0 than at 4.5 (BE: -5.06 Kcal/mol, Ki: not found). Spectroscopic results confirmed the stability of GCase by GC466. TDA determined its chaperoning behavior, signified by improved rGCase thermal stabilization with stabilization ratio of 10.20 at 10 μM. In addition, it demonstrated GCase restorative, neurorestorative, and ROS scavenging activity in 6-OHDA treated cell-line model. Therefore, the present study may offer a novel chaperone with the potential to be a disease-modifying agent for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratigya Tripathi
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering &Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering &Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India.
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Arfan M, Siddiqui SZ, Abbasi MA, Aziz-ur-Rehman, Saad SM, Shah SAA, Ashraf M, Hussain S, Ali F, Solangi M, Khan KM. Innovative cholinergic scaffolds, synthesis, and characterization of substituted 1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio-N-acetamides and their in silico studies: supplement against neurodegenerative disease. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-023-02756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Gupta SM, Behera A, Jain NK, Kumar D, Tripathi A, Tripathi SM, Mujwar S, Patra J, Negi A. Indene-Derived Hydrazides Targeting Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme in Alzheimer's: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010094. [PMID: 36678724 PMCID: PMC9860787 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a crucial role in advancing Alzheimer's disease (AD), its inhibition is a promising approach for treating AD. Sulindac is an NSAID of the aryl alkanoic acid class, consisting of a indene moiety, which showed neuroprotective behavior in recent studies. In this study, newer Indene analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro AChE inhibition. Additionally, compared with donepezil as the standard drug, these Indene analogs were accessed for their cell line-based toxicity study on SH-SY5Y cell line. The molecule SD-30, having hydrogen bond donor (HBD) at para-position, showed maximum AChE inhibition potential (IC50 13.86 ± 0.163 µM) in the indene series. Further, the SD-30 showed maximum BuChE inhibition potential (IC50 = 48.55 ± 0.136 µM) with a selectivity ratio of 3.50 and reasonable antioxidant properties compared to ascorbic acid (using DPPH assay). SD-30 (at a dose level: of 10 µM, 20 µM) effectively inhibited AChE-induced Aβ aggregation and showed no significant toxicity up to 30 mM against SH-SY5Y cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Manish Gupta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore 453555, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ashok Behera
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Neetesh K. Jain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore 453555, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Avanish Tripathi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Shailesh Mani Tripathi
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Jeevan Patra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Arvind Negi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence: or
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Bhaskaran RP, Sreelekha MK, Babu BP. Metal‐free Synthesis of Trisubstituted Pyrazoles by the Reaction Between Hydrazones and Activated Olefins. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmi P. Bhaskaran
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore INDIA – 575025
| | - Mariswamy K. Sreelekha
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore INDIA – 575025
| | - Beneesh P. Babu
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore INDIA – 575025
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Synthesis of 4-Aminopyrazol-5-ols as Edaravone Analogs and Their Antioxidant Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227722. [PMID: 36431823 PMCID: PMC9699072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the powerful antioxidants used clinically is Edaravone (EDA). We synthesized a series of new EDA analogs, 4-aminopyrazol-5-ol hydrochlorides, including polyfluoroalkyl derivatives, via the reduction of 4-hydroxyiminopyrazol-5-ones. The primary antioxidant activity of the compounds in comparison with EDA was investigated in vitro using ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC tests. In all tests, 4-Amino-3-pyrazol-5-ols were effective. The lead compound, 4-amino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-ol hydrochloride (APH), showed the following activities: ABTS, 0.93 TEAC; FRAP, 0.98 TE; and ORAC, 4.39 TE. APH and its NH-analog were not cytotoxic against cultured normal human fibroblasts even at 100 μM, in contrast to EDA. According to QM calculations, 4-aminopyrazolols were characterized by lower gaps, IP, and η compared to 4-hydroxyiminopyrazol-5-ones, consistent with their higher antioxidant activities in ABTS and FRAP tests, realized by the SET mechanism. The radical-scavenging action evaluated in the ORAC test occurred by the HAT mechanism through OH bond breaking in all compounds, directly dependent on the dissociation energy of the OH bond. All the studied compounds demonstrated the absence of anticholinesterase activity and moderate inhibition of CES by some 4-aminopyrazolols. Thus, the lead compound APH was found to be a good antioxidant with the potential to be developed as a novel therapeutic drug candidate in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Farghaly TA, Al-Hussain SA, Zaki MEA, Al-Qurashi NT, Alharbi SS, Muhammad ZA. A Review Article on Synthesis of Different Types of Bioactive Spiropyrazole Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2105911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A. Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia T. Al-Qurashi
- Department of Basic Science, University College in Adam, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa S. Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab A. Muhammad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
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Obaid RJ, Naeem N, Mughal EU, Al-Rooqi MM, Sadiq A, Jassas RS, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Inhibitory potential of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur containing heterocyclic scaffolds against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19764-19855. [PMID: 35919585 PMCID: PMC9275557 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03081k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocycles are the key structures in organic chemistry owing to their immense applications in the biological, chemical, and pharmaceutical fields. Heterocyclic compounds perform various noteworthy functions in nature, medication, innovation etc. Most frequently, pure nitrogen heterocycles or various positional combinations of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms in five or six-membered rings can be found. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes is a popular strategy for the management of numerous mental diseases. In this context, cholinesterase inhibitors are utilized to relieve the symptoms of neurological illnesses like dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present review focuses on various heterocyclic scaffolds and their role in designing and developing new potential AChE and BChE inhibitors to treat AD. Moreover, a detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been established for the future discovery of novel drugs for the treatment of AD. Most of the heterocyclic motifs have been used in the design of new potent cholinesterase inhibitors. In this regard, this review is an endeavor to summarize the biological and chemical studies over the past decade (2010-2022) describing the pursuit of new N, O and S containing heterocycles which can offer a rich supply of promising AChE and BChE inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami J Obaid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | | | - Munirah M Al-Rooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551 Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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Identification of sulfonamide-based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors using machine learning. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1049-1070. [PMID: 35707942 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study reports the designing of BChE inhibitors through machine learning (ML), followed by in silico and in vitro evaluations. Methodology: ML technique was used to predict the virtual hit, and its derivatives were synthesized and characterized. The compounds were evaluated by using various in vitro tests and in silico methods. Results: The gradient boosting classifier predicted N-phenyl-4-(phenylsulfonamido) benzamide as an active BChE inhibitor. The derivatives of the inhibitor, i.e., compounds 34, 37 and 54 were potent BChE inhibitors and displayed blood-brain barrier permeability with no significant AChE inhibition. Conclusion: The ML prediction was effective, and the synthesized compounds showed the BChE inhibitory activity, which was also supported by the in silico studies.
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Generation of wild-type rat Glucocerebrosidase homology modeling: Identification of putative interactions site and mechanism for chaperone using combined in-silico and in-vitro studies. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jaiswal S, Akhilesh, Uniyal A, Tiwari V, Raja Ayyannan S. Synthesis and evaluation of dual fatty acid amide hydrolase-monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition and antinociceptive activities of 4-methylsulfonylaniline-derived semicarbazones. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 60:116698. [PMID: 35296453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) are promising targets for neuropathic pain and other CNS disorders. Based on our previous lead compound SIH 3, we designed and synthesized a series of 4-methylsulfonylphenyl semicarbazones and evaluated for FAAH and MAGL inhibition properties. Most of the compounds showed potency towards both enzymes with leading FAAH selectivity. Compound (Z)-2-(2,6-dichlorobenzylidene)-N-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)hydrazine-1-carboxamide emerged as the lead inhibitor against both FAAH (IC50 = 11 nM) and MAGL (IC50 = 36 nM). The lead inhibitor inhibited FAAH by non-competitive mode, but showed a mixed-type inhibition against MAGL. Molecular docking study unveiled that the docked ligands bind favorably to the active sites of FAAH and MAGL. The lead inhibitor interacted with FAAH and MAGL via π-π stacking via phenyl ring and hydrogen bonding through sulfonyl oxygen atoms or amide NH. Moreover, the stability of docked complexes was rationalized by molecular simulation studies. PAMPA assay revealed that the lead compound is suitable for blood-brain penetration. The lead compound showed better cell viability in lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity assay in SH-SY5Y cell lines. Further, in-vivo experiments unveiled that dual inhibitor was safe up to 2000 mg/kg with no hepatotoxicity. The dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor produced significant anti-nociceptive effect in the CCI model of neuropathic pain without altering locomotion activity. Lastly, the lead compound exhibited promising ex-vivo FAAH/MAGL inhibition activity at the dose of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. Thus, these findings suggest that the semicarbazone-based lead compound can be a potential template for the development of agents for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jaiswal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Synthesis, Structure and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of New Diarylpyrazoles. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Ganeshpurkar A, Singh R, Kumar D, Gore P, Shivhare S, Sardana D, Rayala S, Kumar A, Singh SK. Identification of sulfonamide based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors through scaffold hopping approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:195-211. [PMID: 35090939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a hydrolytic enzyme, is responsible for the termination of the action of acetylcholine besides acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synaptic cleft of the brain. The alteration in the enzyme level, in patients with the progression of Alzheimer's disease, makes it a therapeutic target. In the present study, we developed BChE inhibitors through scaffold hopping by exploring two previously reported compounds, i.e., 1,4-bis((4-chlorophenyl) sulfonyl)-3,6-diphenylpiperazine-2,5-dione and N-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-(phenylsulfonamido)benzamide, to afford scaffold and pharmacophore fragments, respectively. The N,2-diphenyl-2-(phenylsulfonamido)acetamide derivatives, thus designed, were synthesised and screened for the inhibition of AChE and BChE enzymes. Compounds 30 and 33 were found to be most active against BChE among the derivatives, with IC50 values of 7.331 ± 0.946 and 10.964 ± 0.936 μM, respectively. The compounds displayed a non-competitive mode of inhibition along with BBB permeability and good cell viability on SH-SY5Y cell line. The molecular docking analysis of the compounds with BChE showed interactions with Trp82, Trp231, Leu286, and His438. The molecular dynamics study revealed the stability of the protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ravi Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pravin Gore
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shalini Shivhare
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Divya Sardana
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Swetha Rayala
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India.
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CuO-NPs/TFA: a New Catalytic System to Synthesize a Novel Series of Pyrazole Imines with High Antioxidant Properties. BIONANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Cao T, Yang Z, Sun Y, Zhao N, Lu S, Zhang J, Wang L. Lewis Base‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Heterocyclic Alkenes with 2,2,2‐Trifluorodiazoethane (CF
3
CHN
2
): Access to Trifluoromethylated Pyrazolines and Pyrazoles. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China
| | - Yunfang Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Shan Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
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21
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Multiple Target Drug Design Using LigBuilder 3. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33759133 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1209-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Designing drugs that directly interact with multiple targets is a promising approach for treating complicated diseases. In order to successfully bind to multiple targets of different families and achieve the desired ligand efficiency, multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) require a higher level of diversity and complexity. De novo design strategies for creating more diverse chemical entities with desired properties may present an improved approach for developing MTDLs. In this chapter, we describe a computational protocol for developing MTDLs using the first reported multi-target de novo program, LigBuilder 3, which combines a binding site prediction module with de novo drug design and optimization modules. As an illustration of each detailed procedure, we design dual-functional compounds of two well-characterized virus enzymes, HIV protease and reverse transcriptase (PR and RT, respectively), using fragments extracted from known inhibitors. LigBuilder 3 is accessible at http://www.pkumdl.cn/ligbuilder3/ .
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Pyrazole Scaffold Synthesis, Functionalization, and Applications in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Treatment (2011-2020). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051202. [PMID: 33668128 PMCID: PMC7956461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable prevalence of pyrazole scaffolds in a versatile array of bioactive molecules ranging from apixaban, an anticoagulant used to treat and prevent blood clots and stroke, to bixafen, a pyrazole-carboxamide fungicide used to control diseases of rapeseed and cereal plants, has encouraged both medicinal and organic chemists to explore new methods in developing pyrazole-containing compounds for different applications. Although numerous synthetic strategies have been developed in the last 10 years, there has not been a comprehensive overview of synthesis and the implication of recent advances for treating neurodegenerative disease. This review first presents the advances in pyrazole scaffold synthesis and their functionalization that have been published during the last decade (2011-2020). We then narrow the focus to the application of these strategies in the development of therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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23
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Hasanzadeh Esfahani M, Behzad M, Dusek M, Kucerakova M. Synthesis and characterization of a series of acylpyrazolone transition metal complexes: Crystal structures and catalytic performance in the epoxidation of cyclooctene. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Iraji A, Khoshneviszadeh M, Firuzi O, Khoshneviszadeh M, Edraki N. Novel small molecule therapeutic agents for Alzheimer disease: Focusing on BACE1 and multi-target directed ligands. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103649. [PMID: 32101780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that effects 50 million people worldwide. In this review, AD pathology and the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting AD were fully discussed. In particular, common approaches to prevent Aβ production and/or accumulation in the brain including α-secretase activators, specific γ-secretase modulators and small molecules BACE1 inhibitors were reviewed. Additionally, natural-origin bioactive compounds that provide AD therapeutic advances have been introduced. Considering AD is a multifactorial disease, the therapeutic potential of diverse multi target-directed ligands (MTDLs) that combine the efficacy of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors, BACE1 inhibitors, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibitors, for the treatment of AD are also reviewed. This article also highlights descriptions on the regulator of serotonin receptor (5-HT), metal chelators, anti-aggregants, antioxidants and neuroprotective agents targeting AD. Finally, current computational methods for evaluating the structure-activity relationships (SAR) and virtual screening (VS) of AD drugs are discussed and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Zhou Y, Sun W, Peng J, Yan H, Zhang L, Liu X, Zuo Z. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel copper-chelating acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with pyridine and N-benzylpiperidine fragments. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Ganeshpurkar A, Singh R, Gore PG, Kumar D, Gutti G, Kumar A, Singh SK. Structure-based screening and molecular dynamics simulation studies for the identification of potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2019.1682572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ravi Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pravin Gangaram Gore
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
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Gutti G, Kakarla R, Kumar D, Beohar M, Ganeshpurkar A, Kumar A, Krishnamurthy S, Singh SK. Discovery of novel series of 2-substituted benzo[d]oxazol-5-amine derivatives as multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111613. [PMID: 31437780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with multifactorial neuropathological conditions, which include cholinergic deficit, amyloid-beta plaques formation, loss of neuronal plasticity and neuronal death. Treating such multifactorial conditions with a single target directed approach is considered to be inadequate. Accordingly, multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) strategy has been evolved as an auspicious approach for the treatment of AD. In light of that, a library of 2-substituted benzo[d]oxazol-5-amine derivatives (29-39; 86-107) was designed using the scaffold hopping guided MTDLs strategy, synthesized and evaluated through various in-vitro and in-vivo biological studies. The optimal compound 92 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against AChE (IC50 = 0.052 ± 0.010 μM), BuChE (IC50 = 1.085 ± 0.035 μM), and significant amyloid-beta aggregation (20 μM) inhibition. The compound possessed better blood-brain barrier permeability (Pe = 10.80 ± 0.055 × 10-6 cm s-1) in PAMPA assay and neuro protective properties (40 μM) on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, in-vivo behavioural studies were performed on Y-maze test (scopolamine-induced amnesia model) and Morris water maze test (Aβ1-42 induced ICV rat model). The compound 92, at a dose of 10 mg/kg oral administration, demonstrated a substantial improvement of the cognitive and special memory impairment. In summary, both in-vitro and in-vivo investigations evidenced that compound 92 was a potential lead for the discovery of safe and effective disease-modifying agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopichand Gutti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ramakrishna Kakarla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mahima Beohar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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