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Soltan OM, Abdelrahman KS, Bass AKA, Takizawa K, Narumi A, Konno H. Design of Multi-Target drugs of HDACs and other Anti-Alzheimer related Targets: Current strategies and future prospects in Alzheimer's diseases therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107651. [PMID: 39029320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia that develops spontaneously in the elderly. It's worth mentioning that as people age, the epigenetic profile of the central nervous system cells changes, which may speed up the development of various neurodegenerative disorders including AD. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of epigenetic enzymes that can control gene expression without altering the gene sequence. Moreover, a promising strategy for multi-target hybrid design was proposed to potentially improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects. These hybrids are monocular drugs that contain various pharmacophore components and have the ability to bind to different targets at the same time. The HDACs ability to synergistically boost the performance of other anti-AD drugs, as well as the ease with which HDACs inhibitor cap group, can be modified. This has prompted numerous medicinal chemists to design a novel generation of HDACs multi-target inhibitors. Different HDACs inhibitors and other ones such as acetylcholinesterase, butyryl-cholinesterase, phosphodiesterase 9, phosphodiesterase 5 or glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitors were merged into hybrids for treatment of AD. This review goes over the scientific rationale for targeting HDACs along with several other crucial targets in AD therapy. This review presents the latest hybrids of HDACs and other AD target pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Kamal S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Amr K A Bass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia 6131567, Egypt
| | - Kazuki Takizawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
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Shirisha T, Majhi S, Divakar K, Kashinath D. Metal-free synthesis of functionalized tacrine derivatives and their evaluation for acetyl/butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibition. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:790-804. [PMID: 38167698 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01760e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A mild and greener protocol was developed for C-C (C(sp3)-H functionalization) and C-N bond formation to synthesize functionalized tacrine derivatives using a biodegradable and reusable deep eutectic solvent [(DES) formed from N,N'-dimethyl urea and L-(+)-tartaric acid in a 3 : 1 ratio at 80 °C]. The condensation of 9-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridines with a variety of aromatic aldehydes gave unsaturated compounds via C(sp3)-H functionalization (at the C-4 position) with good yields. The substituted N-aryl tacrine derivatives were obtained from the condensed products of 9-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine with substituted anilines via the nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN2 type) in the DES with good yields. This is the first example of C4-functionalized tacrine derivatives, highlighting the dual capacity of the DES to serve as both a catalyst and a solvent for facilitating C-N bond formation on acridine. The generated compounds were evaluated for acetyl/butyrylcholinesterase (AChE/BChE) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. It was found that the majority of the compounds reported here were significantly more potent inhibitors than the standard inhibitor tacrine (AChE IC50 = 203.51 nM; BChE IC50 = 204.01 nM). Among the compounds screened, 8m was found to be more potent with IC50 = 125.06 nM and 119.68 nM towards AChE and BChE inhibition respectively. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the compounds was tested using acarbose as a standard drug (IC50 = 23 100 nM) and compound 8j was found to be active with IC50 = 19 400 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subir Majhi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal-506 004, India.
| | - Kalivarathan Divakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering (Autonomous), Sriperumbudur, Tamilnadu-602 117, India.
| | - Dhurke Kashinath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal-506 004, India.
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Soliman AM, Abd El-Wahab HAA, Akincioglu H, Gülçin İ, Omar FA. Piperazine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as MTDLs anti-Alzheimer agents: Anticholinesterase activity, mechanistic aspect, and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106916. [PMID: 37913584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Development of Multitarget-Directed Ligands (MTDLs) is a promising approach to combat the complex etiologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a new series of 1,4-bisbenzylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives 3-5(a-g), 7a-f, 8a-s, and their piperazine-2-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole analogs 6a-g. In vitro inhibitory effect against Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) from Equine serum was evaluated using modified Ellman's method, considering donepezil and tacrine as reference drugs. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis of the results proved competitive inhibition of AChE and BChE with Ki values, in low micromolar range. The free carboxylic acid series 4a-g showed enhanced selectivity for AChE. Hence, 4c, 1,4-bis (4-chlorobenzyl)-piperazinyl-2-carboxylic acid), was the most active member of this series (Ki (AChE) = 10.18 ± 1.00 µM) with clear selectivity for AChE (SI ∼ 17.90). However, the hydroxamic acids 7a-f and carboxamides 8a-s congeners were more potent and selective inhibitors of BChE (SI ∼ 5.38 - 21862.5). Extraordinarily, 1,4-bis (2-chlorobenzyl)-piperazinyl-2-hydroxamic acid 7b showed promising inhibitory activity against BChE enzyme (Ki = 1.6 ± 0.08 nM, SI = 21862.5), that was significantly superior to that elicited by donepezil (Ki = 12.5 ± 2.6 µM) and tacrine (Ki = 17.3 ± 2.3 nM). Cytotoxicity assessment of 4c and 7b, on human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines, revealed lower toxicity than staurosporine and was nearly comparable to that of donepezil. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation afforded unblemished insights into the structure-activity relationships for AChE and BChE inhibition. The results showed stable binding with fair H-bonding, hydrophobic and/or ionic interactions to the catalytic and peripheral anionic sites of the enzymes. In silico predicted ADME and physicochemical properties of conjugates showed good CNS bioavailability and safety parameters. In this regard, compound (7b) might be considered as a promising inhibitor of BChE with an innovative donepezil-based anti-Alzheimer activity. Further assessments of the most potent AChE and BChE inhibitors as potential MTDLs anti-Alzheimer's agents are under investigation with our research group and will be published later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Soliman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hend A A Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hulya Akincioglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Agri-Ibrahim Cecen University, 04100 Agri, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Farghaly A Omar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt.
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Basri R, Fatima S, Jalil S, Imran A, Fatima N, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Iqbal J, Shafiq Z. 2-Oxoquinoline-based-thiosemicarbazones as multitargeting neurotherapeutics against Alzheimer's disease: In vitro and in silico studies of MAO and ChE inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300430. [PMID: 37718357 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a multifactorial neurological disorder with multiple enzyme involvement in its onset. Conventional monotherapies fall short in providing long-term relief, necessitating the exploration of alternative multitargeting approaches to address the complexity of AD. Therefore, the design, synthesis, and in vitro and in silico evaluation of 2-oxoquinoline-based thiosemicarbazones 9a-r as multipotent analogs, able to simultaneously inhibit the cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes for the potential treatment of AD, are reported. In the in vitro experimental evaluation of MAO and ChE inhibition, all tested compounds demonstrated remarkable potency exhibiting nonselective inhibition of both MAO-A and MAO-B, and selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) over butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with 9d, 9j, and 9m evolving as lead compounds for MAO-A, MAO-B, and AChE, displaying IC50 values of 0.35 ± 0.92, 0.50 ± 0.02, and 0.25 ± 0.13 μM, respectively. Moreover, the kinetic studies revealed that all tested compounds inhibited all three enzymes through a competitive mode of inhibition. Furthermore, the molecular docking studies of the most active compounds revealed several crucial interactions, particularly hydrogen bonding interactions. These interactions were observed between the nitrogen and sulfur atoms of thiosemicarbazone and the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the quinoline ring with various amino acids, suggesting the strong interactions of these compounds with the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Basri
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shamool Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saquib Jalil
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Imran
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Noor Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Wang L, Sun T, Wang Z, Liu H, Qiu W, Tang X, Guo H, Yang P, Chen Y, Sun H. Design, Synthesis, and Proof of Concept of Balanced Dual Inhibitors of Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3226-3248. [PMID: 37561893 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Concomitant inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is supposed to be effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inspired by our previous efforts in designing BChE inhibitors, herein, selective BChE and HDAC6 dual inhibitors were successfully identified through the fusion of the core pharmacophoric moiety of BChE and HDAC6 inhibitors. After the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, two compounds (24g and 29a) were confirmed to have superior inhibitory activity against BChE (the IC50 against hBChE are 4.0 and 1.8 nM, respectively) and HDAC6 (the IC50 against HDAC6 are 8.9 and 71.0 nM, respectively). These two compounds showed prominently neuroprotective effects in vitro, potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effects, and effective metal ion (Fe2+ and Cu2+) chelation. In addition, they exhibited pronounced inhibition of phosphorylated tau and a moderate immunomodulatory effect, with a lack of neurotoxicity at the cellular level. In vivo studies showed that both 24g and 29a ameliorated the cognitive impairment in an Aβ1-42-induced mouse model at a low dosage (2.5 mg/kg). Our data demonstrated that BChE/HDAC6 dual inhibitors could establish the basis for a potential new symptomatic and disease-modifying strategy to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanchao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
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6
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel N-Benzyl piperidine derivatives as potent HDAC/AChE inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 80:117178. [PMID: 36706609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The multitarget-directed ligands approach represents a potential strategy to provide effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) given its multifactorial pathology. Herein, a series of N-benzyl piperidine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and biologically characterized for dual inhibitions of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Among the compounds tested, d5 and d10 exhibited dual enzyme inhibitions (d5: HDACIC50 = 0.17 μM, AChEIC50 = 6.89 μM, d10: HDACIC50 = 0.45 μM, AChEIC50 = 3.22 μM), and both compounds showed activities on scavenging free radical, metal chelating, and inhibiting Aβ aggregations. More importantly, both compounds exhibited promising neuroprotective activities in PC-12 cells and good AChE selectivity. Collectively, the multifunctional profiles of compound d5 and d10 encourage further optimization and exploration to develop more potent analogues as potential treatments for AD.
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Bubley A, Erofeev A, Gorelkin P, Beloglazkina E, Majouga A, Krasnovskaya O. Tacrine-Based Hybrids: Past, Present, and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021717. [PMID: 36675233 PMCID: PMC9863713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, τ-hyperphosphorylation, and loss of cholinergic neurons. The other important hallmarks of AD are oxidative stress, metal dyshomeostasis, inflammation, and cell cycle dysregulation. Multiple therapeutic targets may be proposed for the development of anti-AD drugs, and the "one drug-multiple targets" strategy is of current interest. Tacrine (THA) was the first clinically approved cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor, which was withdrawn due to high hepatotoxicity. However, its high potency in ChE inhibition, low molecular weight, and simple structure make THA a promising scaffold for developing multi-target agents. In this review, we summarized THA-based hybrids published from 2006 to 2022, thus providing an overview of strategies that have been used in drug design and approaches that have resulted in significant cognitive improvements and reduced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bubley
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexaner Erofeev
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Peter Gorelkin
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Elena Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Majouga
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Olga Krasnovskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Recent advance on pleiotropic cholinesterase inhibitors bearing amyloid modulation efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114695. [PMID: 36044812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the hugely important roles of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and amyloid-β (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the development of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) focused on cholinesterase (ChE) and Aβ becomes one of the most attractive strategies for combating AD. To date, numerous preclinical studies toward multifunctional conjugates bearing ChE inhibition and anti-Aβ aggregation have been reported. Noteworthily, most of the reported multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors are carbamate-based compounds due to the initial properties of carbamate moiety. However, because their easy hydrolysis in vivo and the instability of the compound-enzyme conjugate, the mechanism of action of these compounds is rare. Thus, non-carbamate compounds are of great need for developing novel cholinesterase inhibitors. Besides, given that Aβ accumulation begins to occur 10-15 years before AD onset, modulating Aβ is ineffective only in inhibiting its aggregation but not eliminate the already accumulated Aβ if treatment is started when the patient has been diagnosed as AD. Considering the limitation of current Aβ accumulation modulators in ameliorating cognitive deficits and ineffectiveness of ChE inhibitors in blocking disease progression, the development of a practically valuable strategy with multiple pharmaceutical properties including ChE inhibition and Aβ modulation for treating AD is indispensable. In this review, we focus on summarizing the scaffold characteristics of reported non-carbamate cholinesterase inhibitors with Aβ modulation since 2020, and understanding the ingenious multifunctional drug design ideas to accelerate the pace of obtaining more efficient anti-AD drugs in the future.
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Mitra S, Muni M, Shawon NJ, Das R, Emran TB, Sharma R, Chandran D, Islam F, Hossain MJ, Safi SZ, Sweilam SH. Tacrine Derivatives in Neurological Disorders: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms and Neurotherapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7252882. [PMID: 36035218 PMCID: PMC9410840 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7252882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tacrine is a drug used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as a cognitive enhancer and inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, its clinical application has been restricted due to its poor therapeutic efficacy and high prevalence of detrimental effects. An attempt was made to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie tacrine and its analogues influence over neurotherapeutic activity by focusing on modulation of neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and regulatory role in gene and protein expression, energy metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis modulation, and osmotic regulation. Regardless of this, analogues of tacrine are considered as a model inhibitor of cholinesterase in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. The variety both in structural make-up and biological functions of these substances is the main appeal for researchers' interest in them. A new paradigm for treating neurological diseases is presented in this review, which includes treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease, as well as other neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and the synthesis and biological properties of newly identified versatile tacrine analogues and hybrids. We have also shown that these analogues may have therapeutic promise in the treatment of neurological diseases in a variety of experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Maniza Muni
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan Shawon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642109, India
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, 42610 Selangor, Malaysia
- IRCBM, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City 11829, Egypt
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Effects of Linkers and Substitutions on Multitarget Directed Ligands for Alzheimer’s Diseases: Emerging Paradigms and Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116085. [PMID: 35682763 PMCID: PMC9181730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is multifactorial, progressive and the most predominant cause of cognitive impairment and dementia worldwide. The current “one-drug, one-target” approach provides only symptomatic relief to the condition but is unable to cure the disease completely. The conventional single-target therapeutic approach might not always induce the desired effect due to the multifactorial nature of AD. Hence, multitarget strategies have been proposed to simultaneously knock out multiple targets involved in the development of AD. Herein, we provide an overview of the various strategies, followed by the multitarget-directed ligand (MTDL) development, rationale designs and efficient examples. Furthermore, the effects of the linkers and substitutional functional groups on MTDLs against various targets of AD and their modes of action are also discussed.
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Moreira NCDS, Lima JEBDF, Marchiori MF, Carvalho I, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Neuroprotective Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Current Scenario in Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease and Future Perspectives. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:177-193. [PMID: 35591949 PMCID: PMC9108627 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease conceptualized as a continuous process, ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), to the mild, moderate, and severe clinical stages of AD dementia. AD is considered a complex multifactorial disease. Currently, the use of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI), such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, has been the main treatment for AD patients. Interestingly, there is evidence that ChEI also promotes neuroprotective effects, bringing some benefits to AD patients. The mechanisms by which the ChEI act have been investigated in AD. ChEI can modulate the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is an important signaling cascade that is capable of causing a significant functional impact on neurons by activating cell survival pathways to promote neuroprotective effects. However, there is still a huge challenge in the field of neuroprotection, but in the context of unravelling the details of the PI3K/AKT pathway, a new scenario has emerged for the development of more efficient drugs that act on multiple protein targets. Thus, the mechanisms by which ChEI can promote neuroprotective effects and prospects for the development of new drug candidates for the treatment of AD are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Fiori Marchiori
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza Tiemi Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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12
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Liu T, Chen S, Du J, Xing S, Li R, Li Z. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel (4-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-aminoacetamide derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113973. [PMID: 34752955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of our previous work, a novel series of (4-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-aminoacetamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological evaluations indicated that the derivatives can be used as anti-AD drugs that have multifunctional properties, inhibit the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), inhibit neuroinflammation, have neuroprotective properties, and inhibit the self-aggregation of Aβ. Compound f9 showed good potency in BuChE inhibition (IC50: 1.28 ± 0.18 μM), anti-neuroinflammatory potency (NO, IL-1β, TNF-α; IC50: 0.67 ± 0.14, 1.61 ± 0.21, 4.15 ± 0.44 μM, respectively), and inhibited of Aβ self-aggregation (51.91 ± 3.90%). Preliminary anti-inflammatory mechanism studies indicated that the representative compound f9 blocked the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, f9 exhibited 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, and an inhibitory effect on the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the bi-directional transport assay, f9 displayed proper blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. In addition, the title compound improved memory and cognitive functions in a mouse model induced by scopolamine. Hence, the compound f9 can be considered as a promising lead compound for further investigation in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiyu Du
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Siqi Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Zeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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13
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Zhang P, Wang Z, Mou C, Zou J, Xie Y, Liu Z, Benjamin Naman C, Mao Y, Wei J, Huang X, Dong J, Yang M, Wang N, Jin H, Liu F, Lin D, Liu H, Zhou F, He S, Zhang B, Cui W. Design and synthesis of novel tacrine-dipicolylamine dimers that are multiple-target-directed ligands with potential to treat Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105387. [PMID: 34628225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that has multiple causes. Therefore, multiple-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), which act on multiple targets, have been developed as a novel strategy for AD therapy. In this study, novel drug candidates were designed and synthesized by the covalent linkings of tacrine, a previously used anti-AD acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and dipicolylamine, an β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation inhibitor. Most tacrine-dipicolylamine dimers potently inhibited AChE and Aβ1-42 aggregation in vitro, and 13a exhibited nanomolar level inhibition. Molecular docking analysis suggested that 13a could interact with the catalytic active sites and the peripheral anion site of AChE, and bind to Aβ1-42 pentamers. Moreover, 13a effectively attenuated Aβ1-42 oligomers-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by activating the cAMP-response element binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway, decreasing tau phosphorylation, preventing synaptic toxicity, and inhibiting neuroinflammation. The safety profile of 13a in mice was demonstrated by acute toxicity experiments. All these results suggested that novel tacrine-dipicolylamine dimers, especially 13a, have multi-target neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing potentials, and therefore might be developed as MTDLs to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chenye Mou
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiamei Zou
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanfei Xie
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yuechun Mao
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiaxin Wei
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xinghan Huang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengxiang Yang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Haixiao Jin
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fei Zhou
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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14
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New therapeutics beyond amyloid-β and tau for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1382-1389. [PMID: 33268824 PMCID: PMC8379190 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease in elderly people, will impose social and economic burdens to the world. Currently approved drugs for the treatment of AD including cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) and an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist (memantine) are symptomatic but poorly affect the progression of the disease. In recent decades, the concept of amyloid-β (Aβ) cascade and tau hyperphosphorylation leading to AD has dominated AD drug development. However, pharmacotherapies targeting Aβ and tau have limited success. It is generally believed that AD is caused by multiple pathological processes resulting from Aβ abnormality, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and oxidative stress. In this review we updated the recent development of new therapeutics that regulate neurotransmitters, inflammation, lipid metabolism, autophagy, microbiota, circadian rhythm, and disease-modified genes for AD in preclinical research and clinical trials. It is to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and multiple-target intervention, which may provide a promising outcome for AD treatment.
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15
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Kumar B, Thakur A, Dwivedi AR, Kumar R, Kumar V. Multi-Target-Directed Ligands as an Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1757-1803. [PMID: 33982650 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210512005508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder, and multiple pathological factors are believed to be involved in the genesis and progression of the disease. A number of hypotheses, including Acetylcholinesterase, Monoamine oxidase, β-Amyloid, Tau protein, etc., have been proposed for the initiation and progression of the disease. At present, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine (NMDAR antagonist) are the only approved therapies for the symptomatic management of AD. Most of these single-target drugs have miserably failed in the treatment or halting the progression of the disease. Multi-factorial diseases like AD require complex treatment strategies that involve simultaneous modulation of a network of interacting targets. Since the last few years, Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDLs) strategy, drugs that can simultaneously hit multiple targets, is being explored as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. In the current review article, the authors have briefly described various pathogenic pathways associated with AD. The importance of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands and their design strategies in recently reported articles have been discussed in detail. Potent leads are identified through various structure-activity relationship studies, and their drug-like characteristics are described. Recently developed promising compounds have been summarized in the article. Some of these MTDLs with balanced activity profiles against different targets have the potential to be developed as drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
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16
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He F, Chou CJ, Scheiner M, Poeta E, Yuan Chen N, Gunesch S, Hoffmann M, Sotriffer C, Monti B, Maurice T, Decker M. Melatonin- and Ferulic Acid-Based HDAC6 Selective Inhibitors Exhibit Pronounced Immunomodulatory Effects In Vitro and Neuroprotective Effects in a Pharmacological Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3794-3812. [PMID: 33769811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The structures of melatonin and ferulic acid were merged into tertiary amide-based histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors to develop multi-target-directed inhibitors for neurodegenerative diseases to incorporate antioxidant effects without losing affinity and selectivity at HDAC6. Structure-activity relationships led to compound 10b as a hybrid molecule showing pronounced and selective inhibition of HDAC6 (IC50 = 30.7 nM, > 25-fold selectivity over other subtypes). This compound shows comparable DPPH radical scavenging ability to ferulic acid, comparable ORAC value to melatonin and comparable Cu2+ chelating ability to EDTA. It also lacks neurotoxicity on HT-22 cells, exhibits a pronounced immunomodulatory effect, and is active in vivo showing significantly higher efficacy in an AD mouse model to prevent both Aβ25-35-induced spatial working and long-term memory dysfunction at lower dose (0.3 mg/kg) compared to positive control HDAC6 inhibitor ACY1215 and an equimolar mixture of the three entities ACY1215, melatonin and ferulic acid, suggesting potentially disease-modifying properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - C James Chou
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Matthias Scheiner
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Eleonora Poeta
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Natalia Yuan Chen
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Sandra Gunesch
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Matthias Hoffmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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17
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Viayna E, Coquelle N, Cieslikiewicz-Bouet M, Cisternas P, Oliva CA, Sánchez-López E, Ettcheto M, Bartolini M, De Simone A, Ricchini M, Rendina M, Pons M, Firuzi O, Pérez B, Saso L, Andrisano V, Nachon F, Brazzolotto X, García ML, Camins A, Silman I, Jean L, Inestrosa NC, Colletier JP, Renard PY, Muñoz-Torrero D. Discovery of a Potent Dual Inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase with Antioxidant Activity that Alleviates Alzheimer-like Pathology in Old APP/PS1 Mice. J Med Chem 2020; 64:812-839. [PMID: 33356266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the scaffolds of the cholinesterase inhibitor huprine Y and the antioxidant capsaicin results in compounds with nanomolar potencies toward human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) that retain or improve the antioxidant properties of capsaicin. Crystal structures of their complexes with AChE and BChE revealed the molecular basis for their high potency. Brain penetration was confirmed by biodistribution studies in C57BL6 mice, with one compound (5i) displaying better brain/plasma ratio than donepezil. Chronic treatment of 10 month-old APP/PS1 mice with 5i (2 mg/kg, i.p., 3 times per week, 4 weeks) rescued learning and memory impairments, as measured by three different behavioral tests, delayed the Alzheimer-like pathology progression, as suggested by a significantly reduced Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in the hippocampus, improved basal synaptic efficacy, and significantly reduced hippocampal oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Compound 5i emerges as an interesting anti-Alzheimer lead with beneficial effects on cognitive symptoms and on some underlying disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Viayna
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Coquelle
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS UMR 5075, F-38054 Grenoble, France.,Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Pedro Cisternas
- Center of Aging and Regeneration UC (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, P.O. Box 114, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina A Oliva
- Center of Aging and Regeneration UC (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, P.O. Box 114, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, E-28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, E-28031 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, E-43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Mattia Ricchini
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisa Rendina
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mégane Pons
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 3288, 71345 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Belén Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, I-47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées BP73, 91993 Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées BP73, 91993 Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, E-28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, E-28031 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Silman
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ludovic Jean
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Center of Aging and Regeneration UC (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, P.O. Box 114, 8331150 Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, 6200000 Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Jacques-Philippe Colletier
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS UMR 5075, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Mohd Faudzi SM, Leong SW, Auwal FA, Abas F, Wai LK, Ahmad S, Tham CL, Shaari K, Lajis NH, Yamin BM. In silico studies, nitric oxide, and cholinesterases inhibition activities of pyrazole and pyrazoline analogs of diarylpentanoids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000161. [PMID: 32886410 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new series of pyrazole, phenylpyrazole, and pyrazoline analogs of diarylpentanoids (excluding compounds 3a, 4a, 5a, and 5b) was pan-assay interference compounds-filtered and synthesized via the reaction of diarylpentanoids with hydrazine monohydrate and phenylhydrazine. Each analog was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory ability via the suppression of nitric oxide (NO) on IFN-γ/LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The compounds were also investigated for their inhibitory capability toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), using a modification of Ellman's spectrophotometric method. The most potent NO inhibitor was found to be phenylpyrazole analog 4c, followed by 4e, when compared with curcumin. In contrast, pyrazole 3a and pyrazoline 5a were found to be the most selective and effective BChE inhibitors over AChE. The data collected from the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of compound 5a were then applied in a docking simulation to determine the potential binding interactions that were responsible for the anti-BChE activity. The results obtained signify the potential of these pyrazole and pyrazoline scaffolds to be developed as therapeutic agents against inflammatory conditions and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Wei Leong
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faruk A Auwal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lam K Wai
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chau L Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bohari M Yamin
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Pérez-Areales FJ, Garrido M, Aso E, Bartolini M, De Simone A, Espargaró A, Ginex T, Sabate R, Pérez B, Andrisano V, Puigoriol-Illamola D, Pallàs M, Luque FJ, Loza MI, Brea J, Ferrer I, Ciruela F, Messeguer A, Muñoz-Torrero D. Centrally Active Multitarget Anti-Alzheimer Agents Derived from the Antioxidant Lead CR-6. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9360-9390. [PMID: 32706255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease, but it should not be tackled alone rather together with other key targets to derive effective treatments. The combination of the scaffold of the polar antioxidant lead 7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-6-ol (CR-6) with that of the lipophilic cholinesterase inhibitor 6-chlorotacrine results in compounds with favorable brain permeability and multiple activities in vitro (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1), and Aβ42 and tau aggregation inhibition). In in vivo studies on wild-type and APP/presenilin 1 (PS1) mice, two selected compounds were well tolerated and led to positive trends, albeit statistically nonsignificant in some cases, on memory performance, amyloid pathology (reduced amyloid burden and potentiated non-amyloidogenic APP processing), and oxidative stress (reduced cortical oxidized proteins and increased antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) and transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)). These compounds emerge as interesting brain-permeable multitarget compounds, with a potential as anti-Alzheimer agents beyond that of the original lead CR-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Pérez-Areales
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Garrido
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Aso
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona (UB) and Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, E-08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alba Espargaró
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, IBUB, and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTC), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Raimon Sabate
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, I-47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroUB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroUB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, IBUB, and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTC), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - María Isabel Loza
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. de Barcelona s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Brea
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. de Barcelona s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona (UB) and Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, E-08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED, E-28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona (UB) and Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, E-08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Angel Messeguer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Shukla S, Tekwani BL. Histone Deacetylases Inhibitors in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuroprotection and Neuronal Differentiation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:537. [PMID: 32390854 PMCID: PMC7194116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HADC) are the enzymes that remove acetyl group from lysine residue of histones and non-histone proteins and regulate the process of transcription by binding to transcription factors and regulating fundamental cellular process such as cellular proliferation, differentiation and development. In neurodegenerative diseases, the histone acetylation homeostasis is greatly impaired, shifting towards a state of hypoacetylation. The histone hyperacetylation produced by direct inhibition of HDACs leads to neuroprotective actions. This review attempts to elaborate on role of small molecule inhibitors of HDACs on neuronal differentiation and throws light on the potential of HDAC inhibitors as therapeutic agents for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The role of HDACs in neuronal cellular and disease models and their modulation with HDAC inhibitors are also discussed. Significance of these HDAC inhibitors has been reviewed on the process of neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth and neuroprotection regarding their potential therapeutic application for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- Division of Drug Discovery, Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
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