Synthesis of 2-methoxy-3-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)quinoline containing amino carbinols as antitubercular agents

A Comprehensive Examination of Heterocyclic Scaffold Chemistry for Antitubercular Activity

Tuberculosis is a communicable disease which affects humans particularly the lungs and is transmitted mainly through air. Despite two decades of intensive research aimed at understanding and combating tuberculosis, persistent biological uncertainties continue to hinder progress. Nowadays, heterocyclic compounds have proven themselves in effective treatment of tuberculosis because of their wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. Antituberculosis or antimycobacterial agents encompass a broad array of compounds utilized singly or in conjunction to combat Mycobacterium infections, spanning from tuberculosis to leprosy. Here, we summarize the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds which includes the greener synthetic route as well as use of nano compounds as catalyst along with their anti TB activities.

Spotlight on 4-substituted quinolines as potential anti-infective agents: Journey beyond chloroquine

Continued emerging resistance of pathogens against the clinically approved candidates and their associated limitations continuously demand newer agents having better potency with a more suited safety profile. Quinoline nuclei containing scaffolds of natural and synthetic origin have been documented for diverse types of pharmacological activities, and a number of drugs are clinically approved. In the present review, we unprecedentedly covered the biological potential of 4-substituted quinoline and elaborated a rationale for its special privilege to afford the significant number of approved clinical drugs, particularly against infectious pathogens. Compounds with 4-substituted quinoline are well documented for antimalarial activity, but in the last two decades, they have been extensively explored for activity against cancer, tuberculosis, and several other pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other infectious pathogens. In the present study, the anti-infective spectrum of this scaffold is discussed against viruses, mycobacteria, malarial parasites, and fungal and bacterial strains, along with recent updates in this area, with special emphasis on the structure-activity relationship.

Reactivity vs. selectivity of quinone methides: synthesis of pharmaceutically important molecules, toxicity and biological applications

Quinone methides (QMs) are considered to be highly reactive intermediates because of their aromatization both in chemical and biological systems. Being highly accessible, quinone methides (QMs) have been widely exploited and their concurrent use has been manifested for the synthesis of tertiary and quaternary carbon centers of bioactives, drugs and drug-like molecules. In this feature article, the synthetic routes, structure-reactivity relationships and synthetic applications of quinone methides are discussed. Formation of the intermediates during bioactivation of different chemical entities and possible chemical manifestations leading to their toxicity in biological systems are also covered.

Novel candidates in the clinical development pipeline for TB drug development and their Synthetic Approaches

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Mtb has the ability to become dormant within the host and to develop resistance. Hence, new antitubercular agents are required to overcome problems in the treatment of multidrug resistant-Tb (MDR-Tb) and extensively drug resistant-Tb (XDR-Tb) along with shortening the treatment time. Several efforts are being made to develop very effective new drugs for Tb, within the pharmaceutical industry, the academia, and through public private partnerships. This review will address the anti-tubercular activities, biological target, mode of action, synthetic approaches and thoughtful concept for the development of several new drugs currently in the clinical trial pipeline (up to October 2019) for tuberculosis. The aim of this review may be very useful in scheming new chemical entities (NCEs) for Mtb.

A new sensor based on thieno[2,3-b]quinoline for the detection of In3+ , Fe3+ and F- by different fluorescence behaviors

Based on thieno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carbohydrazide and salicylaldehyde, a novel fluorescent probe (L) was designed and synthesized. L could be used as a multifunctional sensor to sequentially detect In³⁺ and Fe³⁺ through fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence quenching in DMF/H₂ O buffer solutions. At the same time, L had good anti-interference ability, which could still detect In³⁺ and Fe³⁺ well in the presence of other metal ions. For F^- , it could be detected by enhancing the fluorescence change caused by the introduction of Al³⁺ . When other anions were present, the detection of F^- would not be interfered. The detection limits of In³⁺ , Fe³⁺ and F^- were 1.16×10^-10 M, 2.03×10^-8 M and 7.98×10^-9 M, respectively. The complexation model and sensing mechanism between L and In³⁺ , Fe³⁺ and F^- were confirmed by calculating structural optimization and energy optimization using Gaussian 09 software.

Recent Developments of Quinoline Derivatives and their Potential Biological Activities

Heterocyclic compounds containing the quinoline ring play a significant role in organic synthesis and therapeutic chemistry. Polyfunctionalized quinolines have attracted the attention of many research groups, especially those who work on drug discovery and development. These derivatives have been widely explored by the research biochemists and are reported to possess wide biological activities. This review focuses on the recent progress in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds based-quinoline and their potential biological activities.

Potent Quinoline-Containing Combretastatin A-4 Analogues: Design, Synthesis, Antiproliferative, and Anti-Tubulin Activity

A novel series of quinoline derivatives of combretastatin A-4 incorporating rigid hydrazone and a cyclic oxadiazole linkers were synthesized and have demonstrated potent tubulin polymerization inhibitory properties. Many of these novel derivatives have shown significant antiproliferative activities in the submicromolar range. The most potent compound, 19h, demonstrated superior IC50 values ranging from 0.02 to 0.04 µM against four cancer cell lines while maintaining low cytotoxicity in MCF-10A non-cancer cells, thereby suggesting 19h's selectivity towards proliferating cancer cells. In addition to tubulin polymerization inhibition, 19h caused cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that 19h holds potential for further investigation as a potent chemotherapeutic agent targeting tubulin.