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Han ZQ, Wen LN. Application of G-quadruplex targets in gastrointestinal cancers: Advancements, challenges and prospects. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1149-1173. [PMID: 37546556 PMCID: PMC10401460 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i7.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability and inflammation are considered to be two enabling characteristics that support cancer development and progression. G-quadruplex structure is a key element that contributes to genomic instability and inflammation. G-quadruplexes were once regarded as simply an obstacle that can block the transcription of oncogenes. A ligand targeting G-quadruplexes was found to have anticancer activity, making G-quadruplexes potential anticancer targets. However, further investigation has revealed that G-quadruplexes are widely distributed throughout the human genome and have many functions, such as regulating DNA replication, DNA repair, transcription, translation, epigenetics, and inflammatory response. G-quadruplexes play double regulatory roles in transcription and translation. In this review, we focus on G-quadruplexes as novel targets for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. We summarize the application basis of G-quadruplexes in gastrointestinal cancers, including their distribution sites, structural characteristics, and physiological functions. We describe the current status of applications for the treatment of esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, as well as the associated challenges. Finally, we review the prospective clinical applications of G-quadruplex targets, providing references for targeted treatment strategies in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Qiang Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Li-Na Wen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
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Zheng BX, Yu J, Long W, Chan KH, Leung ASL, Wong WL. Structurally diverse G-quadruplexes as the noncanonical nucleic acid drug target for live cell imaging and antibacterial study. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1415-1433. [PMID: 36636928 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05945b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The formation of G-quadruplex structures (G4s) in vitro from guanine (G)-rich nucleic acid sequences of DNA and RNA stabilized with monovalent cations, typically K+ and Na+, under physiological conditions, has been verified experimentally and some of them have high-resolution NMR or X-ray crystal structures; however, the biofunction of these special noncanonical secondary structures of nucleic acids has not been fully understood and their existence in vivo is still controversial at present. It is generally believed that the folding and unfolding of G4s in vivo is a transient process. Accumulating evidence has shown that G4s may play a role in the regulation of certain important cellular functions including telomere maintenance, replication, transcription and translation. Therefore, both DNA and RNA G4s of human cancer hallmark genes are recognized as the potential anticancer drug target for the investigation in cancer biology, chemical biology and drug discovery. The relationship between the sequence, structure and stability of G4s, the interaction of G4s with small molecules, and insights into the rational design of G4-selective binding ligands have been intensively studied over the decade. At present, some G4-ligands have achieved a new milestone and successfully entered the human clinical trials for anticancer therapy. Over the past few decades, numerous efforts have been devoted to anticancer therapy; however, G4s for molecular recognition and live cell imaging and for application as antibacterial agents and antibiofilms against antibiotic resistance have been obviously underexplored. The recent advances in G4-ligands in these areas are thus selected and discussed concentratedly in this article in order to shed light on the emerging role of G4s in chemical biology and therapeutic prospects against bacterial infections. In addition, the recently published molecular scaffolds for designing small ligands selectively targeting G4s in live cell imaging, bacterial biofilm imaging, and antibacterial studies are discussed. Furthermore, a number of underexplored G4-targets from the cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA, the conserved promoter region of K. pneumoniae genomes, the RNA G4-sites in the transcriptome of E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and the mRNA G4-sites in the sequence for coding the vital bacterial FtsZ protein are highlighted to further explore in G4-drug development against human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Wei Long
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Ka Hin Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Alan Siu-Lun Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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Ma X, Shi L, Zhang B, Liu L, Fu Y, Zhang X. Recent advances in bioprobes and biolabels based on cyanine dyes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4551-4573. [PMID: 35359180 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a functional dye, cyanine dye promotes the widespread application of bioprobes in the fields of medicine, genetics and environment, owing to its advantages of good photophysical properties, excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity to biological systems. Nowadays, it is mainly used in the fields of life sciences such as fluorescent labeling of biological macromolecules, disease diagnosis, immunoassay and DNA detection, all of which lie at the core of this review. First, we briefly introduced the characteristics and principles of the cyanine dye bioprobe. Afterward, we paid attention to the recent progress of cyanine dye bioprobes widely used in the 10 years from 2010 to 2020. The application of cyanine dyes as bioprobes with different identification elements, including enzymes, organelles, immunity and DNAs, was mainly summarized. Finally, this review gave an outlook on the future development trend of cyanine dye bioprobes. This facilitates the construction of a new type of multifunctional fluorescent probe and promotes its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China.
| | - Buyue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Yao Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China.
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Zhang L, Yi M, Zhong S, Liu J, Liu X, Bing T, Zhang N, Wei Y, Shangguan D. p-Aminostyryl thiazole orange derivatives for monitoring mitochondrial viscosity in live cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120394. [PMID: 34555696 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Viscosity of cell microenvironment plays a significant role in maintaining the normal life activities of cells. Particularly, the abnormal viscosity in mitochondria is closely associated with lots of diseases and cellular dysfunctions. Herein, we developed a group of p-aminostyryl thiazole orange derivatives with different amino side chains. These probes showed good fluorescence response to viscosity with twisted intramolecular charge transfer mechanism, among them, the probes with diethylamino (TOB), dibutylamino (TOC) and pyrrolidin (TOE) side chains showed better response to the viscosity with 78-fold, 55-fold, and 88-fold fluorescence enhancement in 95% glycerol solution respectively. TOB, TOC, and TOE could enter live cells and mainly located in mitochondria. Treatment HeLa cells with nystatin, lipopolysaccharide or oleic acid caused significant fluorescence enhancement of these probes, suggesting the good potential for monitoring the variation of mitochondrial viscosity, as well as for investigating the related physiological process of inflammation and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengwen Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tao Bing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongbiao Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Dihua Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China.
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Suss O, Motiei L, Margulies D. Broad Applications of Thiazole Orange in Fluorescent Sensing of Biomolecules and Ions. Molecules 2021; 26:2828. [PMID: 34068759 PMCID: PMC8126248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent sensing of biomolecules has served as a revolutionary tool for studying and better understanding various biological systems. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to identify fluorescent building blocks that can be easily converted into sensing probes, which can detect specific targets with increasing sensitivity and accuracy. Over the past 30 years, thiazole orange (TO) has garnered great attention due to its low fluorescence background signal and remarkable 'turn-on' fluorescence response, being controlled only by its intramolecular torsional movement. These features have led to the development of numerous molecular probes that apply TO in order to sense a variety of biomolecules and metal ions. Here, we highlight the tremendous progress made in the field of TO-based sensors and demonstrate the different strategies that have enabled TO to evolve into a versatile dye for monitoring a collection of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Margulies
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (O.S.); (L.M.)
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