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Reigosa-Chamorro F, Cordeiro S, Pereira MT, Filipe B, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Vila JM. Effect of mono- and dinuclear thiosemicarbazone platinacycles in the proliferation of a colorectal carcinoma cell line. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39233530 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a series of thiosemicarbazone platinacycles. Their activity towards HCT116 and A2780 cancer cell lines as well as normal fibroblasts was explored and conclusions about the influence of their structures were drawn based on the results. Ligands L1-3, tetranuclear compounds [Pt(L1-3)]4, [Pt(L1-3)(PPh3)], and [Pt(L1-L3)2{Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2}], and phosphine derivatives, were deemed unpromising owing to their lack of activity. However, mono-coordinated diphosphine complexes [Pt(L1-L3)(Ph2PCH2PPh2-P)] showed high selectivity and low IC50 values, and their antiproliferative activity was further studied. The three studied derivatives 3a, 3b and 3c showed a fast internalization of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells with similar IC50 values, which induced a depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, with the subsequent triggering of apoptosis and autophagy in the case of 3c. In the case of compounds 3a and 3b, cell death mechanisms (extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, respectively) were triggered via the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The three compounds were not toxic to a chicken embryo in vivo (after 48 h), and, importantly, showed an anti-angiogenic potential after exposure to the IC50 of compounds 3a, 3b and 3c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Reigosa-Chamorro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Sandra Cordeiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Teresa Pereira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Filipe
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M Vila
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Zardi P, Piękoś J, Bravin C, Wurst K, Droghetti F, Natali M, Licini G, Zambon A, Zonta C. Novel ligands from direct benzylic functionalisation of tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:13831-13836. [PMID: 39113567 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt02022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)amines (TPA or TPMA) are polipyrydine-based ligands extensively used in catalysis and supramolecular chemistry due their capability to form stable tetradentate complexes with a large variety of metals. The unsubstituted ligand, which is also commercially available, can be synthesised by consecutive alkylation of a picoline or by reductive amination of a pyridine aldehyde. In this article, we report a novel synthetic method which opens to the post-functionalisation of these ligands in the benzylic position. This novel derivatization strategy, beside providing synthetic access to novel structures and functions, has been used to prepare a series of metal complexes which have been tested in photochemical hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Justyna Piękoś
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bravin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Federico Droghetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirco Natali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Licini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- CIRCC Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Alfonso Zambon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Zonta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- CIRCC Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Choroba K, Filipe B, Świtlicka A, Penkala M, Machura B, Bieńko A, Cordeiro S, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR. In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activities of Dipicolinate Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37311060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The work is focused on anticancer properties of dipicolinate (dipic)-based vanadium(IV) complexes [VO(dipic)(N∩N)] bearing different diimines (2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine, 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole, 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2,2'-bipyridine), as well as differently 4,7-substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines. The antiproliferative effect of V(IV) systems was analyzed in different tumors (A2780, HCT116, and HCT116-DoxR) and normal (primary human dermal fibroblasts) cell lines, revealing a high cytotoxic effect of [VO(dipic)(N∩N)] with 4,7-dimethoxy-phen (5), 4,7-diphenyl-phen (6), and 1,10-phenanthroline (8) against HCT116-DoxR cells. The cytotoxicity differences between these complexes can be correlated with their different internalization by HCT116-DoxR cells. Worthy of note, these three complexes were found to (i) induce cell death through apoptosis and autophagy pathways, namely, through ROS production; (ii) not to be cytostatic; (iii) to interact with the BSA protein; (iv) do not promote tumor cell migration or a pro-angiogenic capability; (v) show a slight in vivo anti-angiogenic capability, and (vi) do not show in vivo toxicity in a chicken embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Choroba
- University of Silesia, Institute of Chemistry, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beatriz Filipe
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Anna Świtlicka
- University of Silesia, Institute of Chemistry, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Penkala
- University of Silesia, Institute of Chemistry, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- University of Silesia, Institute of Chemistry, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Bieńko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Cordeiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Amendoeira AF, Luz A, Valente R, Roma-Rodrigues C, Ali H, van Lier JE, Marques F, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR. Cell Uptake of Steroid-BODIPY Conjugates and Their Internalization Mechanisms: Cancer Theranostic Dyes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3600. [PMID: 36835012 PMCID: PMC9963437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol-BODIPY linked via an 8-carbon spacer chain and 19-nortestosterone- and testosterone-BODIPY linked via an ethynyl spacer group were evaluated for cell uptake in the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 and prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP, as well as in normal dermal fibroblasts, using fluorescence microscopy. The highest level of internalization was observed with 11β-OMe-estradiol-BODIPY 2 and 7α-Me-19-nortestosterone-BODIPY 4 towards cells expressing their specific receptors. Blocking experiments showed changes in non-specific cell uptake in the cancer and normal cells, which likely reflect differences in the lipophilicity of the conjugates. The internalization of the conjugates was shown to be an energy-dependent process that is likely mediated by clathrin- and caveolae-endocytosis. Studies using 2D co-cultures of cancer cells and normal fibroblasts showed that the conjugates are more selective towards cancer cells. Cell viability assays showed that the conjugates are non-toxic for cancer and/or normal cells. Visible light irradiation of cells incubated with estradiol-BODIPYs 1 and 2 and 7α-Me-19-nortestosterone-BODIPY 4 induced cell death, suggesting their potential for use as PDT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. Amendoeira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - André Luz
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ruben Valente
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hasrat Ali
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Johan E. van Lier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Lenis-Rojas OA, Roma-Rodrigues C, Carvalho B, Cabezas-Sainz P, Fernández Vila S, Sánchez L, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Royo B. In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activity of Ruthenium 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Arene Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13594. [PMID: 36362381 PMCID: PMC9656482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) arene complexes exhibit promising chemotherapeutic properties. In this study, the effect of the counter anion in Ru(II) complexes was evaluated by analyzing the biological effect of two Ru(II) p-cymene derivatives with the 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione ligand of general-formula [(η6-arene)Ru(L)Cl][X] X = CF3SO3 (JHOR10) and PF6 (JHOR11). The biological activity of JHOR10 and JHOR11 was examined in the ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780, colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116, doxorubicin-resistant HCT116 (HCT116-Dox) and in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Both complexes JHOR10 and JHOR11 displayed an antiproliferative effect on A2780 and HCT116 cell lines, and low cytotoxicity in fibroblasts. Interestingly, JHOR11 also showed antiproliferative activity in the HCT116-Dox cancer cell line, while JHOR10 was inactive. Studies in A2780 cells showed that JHOR11 induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger autophagy and cellular senescence, but no apoptosis induction. Further analysis showed that JHOR11 presented no tumorigenicity, with no effect in the cellular mobility, as evaluated by thye wound scratch assay, and no anti- or pro-angiogenic effect, as evaluated by the ex-ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Importantly, JHOR11 presented no toxicity in chicken and zebrafish embryos and reduced in vivo the proliferation of HCT116 injected into zebrafish embryos. These results show that these are suitable complexes for clinical applications with improved tumor cell cytotoxicity and low toxicity, and that counter-anion alteration might be a viable clinical strategy for improving chemotherapy outcomes in multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Lenis-Rojas
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pablo Cabezas-Sainz
- Departamento de Zoología Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Sabela Fernández Vila
- Departamento de Zoología Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Departamento de Zoología Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Preclinical Animal Models Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Royo
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Sarrato J, Pinto AL, Cruz H, Jordão N, Malta G, Branco PS, Lima JC, Branco LC. Effect of Iodide-Based Organic Salts and Ionic Liquid Additives in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2988. [PMID: 36080024 PMCID: PMC9457700 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of ionic liquid and organic salts as additives for electrolyte systems in dye-sensitized solar cells have been widely described in recent years. The tunability of their physical-chemical properties according to the cation-anion selection contributes toward their high efficiencies. For this purpose, several iodide-based organic salts including imidazolium, picolinium, guanidinium and alkylammonium cations were tested using acetonitrile/valeronitrile electrolytes and their photovoltaic parameters were compared. A best efficiency of 4.48% (4.15% for the reference) was found for 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide ([C2DMIM]I) containing electrolyte, reaffirming the effectiveness of these additives. 4-tertbutylpyridine was included into the formulation to further improve the performance while determining which iodide salts demonstrate the highest synergy with this additive. [C2DMIM]I once again proved to be the superior additive, achieving an efficiency of 6.48% (6% for the reference). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to elucidate the effects of the various additives, demonstrating the relevance of the counter electrode resistance on device performance. Finally, several computational descriptors for the cationic structures were calculated and correlated with the photovoltaic and resistance parameters, showing that properties related to polarity, namely relative positive charge, molecular polarizability and partition coefficient are in good agreement with the counter-electrode resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luis C. Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Amiri Rudbari H, Saadati A, Aryaeifar M, Blacque O, Cuevas-Vicario JV, Cabral R, Raposo LR, Fernandes AR. Platinum(II) and Copper(II) complexes of asymmetric halogen-substituted [NN'O] ligands: Synthesis, characterization, structural investigations and antiproliferative activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105556. [PMID: 34959175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to better understand the effect of structure, halogen substitution, metal ions and ligand flexibility on antiproliferative activity, eight Cu(II) complexes and eight Pt(II) complexes were obtained of 2,4-X1,X2-6-((pyridine-2-ylmethylamino)methyl)phenol and 2,4-X1,X2-6-((pyridine-2-ylmethylamino)ethyl)phenol (where X is Cl, Br, or I) ligands. The compounds were characterized with various techniques, such as FT-IR, NMR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). The X-ray structures showed that ligand acts as a bidentate and tridentate donor in Cu(II) and Pt(II) complexes, respectively. This difference in structures is due to the use or non-use of base in the preparation of complexes. Also, complexation of Cl2-H2L1 with CuCl2·2H2O gives two different types of structures: polymer (Cl2-H2L1-Cupolymer) and dimer (Cl2-H2L1-Cudimer), according to the crystal color. In addition, 1H NMR spectrum for platinum complexes display two set of signals that can be attributed to the presence of two isomers in solution. All complexes induced moderate to high reduction in A2780 and HCT116 cancer cell viability. However, only complexes bearing iodo- substituted in ligands exhibited significantly low cytotoxicity in normal fibroblasts when compared with cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative effect exhibited by I2-H2L2-Cu complex in A2780 cell line was due to induction of cell death mechanisms, namely by apoptosis and autophagy. I2-H2L2-Cu complex does not cause DNA cleavage but a slight delay in cell cycle was observed for the first 24 h of exposition. High cytotoxicity was related with the induction of intracellular ROS. This increase in intracellular ROS was not accompanied by destabilization of the mitochondrial membrane which is an indication that ROS are being triggered externally by I2-H2L2-Cu complex and in agreement with an extrinsic apoptosis activation. I2-H2L2-Cu complex has a pro-angiogenic effect, increasing the vascularization of the CAM in chicken embryos. This is also a very important characteristic in cancer treatment since the increased vascularization in tumors might facilitate the delivery of therapeutic drugs. Taken together, these results support the potential therapeutic of the I2-H2L2-Cu complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Amiri Rudbari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Saadati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Aryaeifar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jose V Cuevas-Vicario
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Rui Cabral
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luis R Raposo
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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8
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Choroba K, Machura B, Szlapa-Kula A, Malecki JG, Raposo L, Roma-Rodrigues C, Cordeiro S, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR. Square planar Au(III), Pt(II) and Cu(II) complexes with quinoline-substituted 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine ligands: From in vitro to in vivo biological properties. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113404. [PMID: 33823390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Cisplatin has challenged cancer treatment; however, resistance and side effects hamper its use. New agents displaying improved activity and more reduced side effects relative to cisplatin are needed. In this work we present the synthesis, characterization and biological activities of three complexes with quinoline-substituted 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine ligand: [Pt(4'-(2-quin)-terpy)Cl](SO3CF3) (1), [Au(4'-(2-quin)-terpy)Cl](PF6)2·CH3CN (2) and [Cu(4'-(2-quin)-terpy)Cl](PF6) (3). The three complexes displayed a high antiproliferative activity in ovarian carcinoma cell line (A2780) and even more noticeable in a colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116) following the order 3 > 2 > 1. The complexes IC50 are at least 20 × lower than the IC50 displayed by cisplatin (15.4 μM) in HCT116 cell line while displaying at the same time, much reduced cytotoxicity in a normal dermal fibroblast culture. These cytotoxic activities seem to be correlated with the inclination angles of 2-quin unit to the central pyridine. Interestingly, all complexes can interact with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) in vitro via different mechanisms, although intercalation seems to be the preferred mechanism at least for 2 and 3 at higher concentrations of DNA. Moreover, circular dichroism (CD) data seems to indicate that complex 3, more planar, induces a high destabilization of the DNA double helix (shift from B-form to Z-form). Higher the deviation from planar, the lower the cytotoxicity displayed by the complexes. Cellular uptake may be also responsible for the different cytotoxicity exhibited by complexes with 3 > 2 >1. Complex 2 seems to enter cells more passively while complex 1 and 3 might enter cells via energy-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Complexes 1-3 were shown to induce ROS are associated with the increased apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, all complexes dissipate the mitochondrial membrane potential leading to an increased BAX/BCL-2 ratio that triggered apoptosis. Complexes 2 and 3 were also shown to exhibit an anti-angiogenic effect by significantly reduce the number of newly formed blood vessel in a CAM model with no toxicity in this in vivo model. Our results seem to suggest that the increased cytotoxicity of complex 3 in HCT116 cells and its potential interest for further translation to pre-clinical mice xenografts might be associated with: 1) higher % of internalization of HCT116 cells via energy-dependent and -independent mechanisms; 2) ability to intercalate DNA and due to its planarity induced higher destabilization of DNA; 3) induce intracellular ROS that trigger apoptosis and autophagy; 4) low toxicity in an in vivo model of CAM; 5) potential anti-angiogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Choroba
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Szlapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan G Malecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Luis Raposo
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cordeiro
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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9
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Reigosa-Chamorro F, Raposo LR, Munín-Cruz P, Pereira MT, Roma-Rodrigues C, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Vila JM. In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Palladacycles: Targeting A2780 Ovarian Carcinoma Cells and Modulation of Angiogenesis. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3939-3951. [PMID: 33657313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Palladacycles are versatile organometallic compounds that show potential for therapeutic use. Here are described the synthesis and characterization of mono- and dinuclear palladacycles bearing diphosphines. Their biological effect was investigated in A2780, an ovarian-derived cancer line, and in normal dermal fibroblasts. The compounds displayed selective cytotoxicity toward the A2780 cell line. Compound 3 decreased the cell viability through cell cycle retention in G0/G1, triggered apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway, and induced autophagy in A2780 cells. Compound 9 also induced cell cycle retention, apoptosis, and cellular detachment. Notably, compound 9 induced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our work demonstrated that compound 3 enters A2780 cells via active transport, which requires energy, while compound 9 enters A2780 cells mostly passively. The potential effect of palladacycles in angiogenesis was investigated for the first time in an in vivo chorioallantoic membrane model, showing that while compound 3 displayed an antiangiogenic effect crucial to fighting cancer progression, compound 9 promoted angiogenesis. These results show that palladacycles may be used in different clinical applications where pro- or antiangiogenic effects may be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Reigosa-Chamorro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luís R Raposo
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIO, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula Munín-Cruz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Teresa Pereira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIO, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIO, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIO, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José M Vila
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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10
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Raposo LR, Silva A, Silva D, Roma-Rodrigues C, Espadinha M, Baptista PV, Santos MM, Fernandes AR. Exploiting the antiproliferative potential of spiropyrazoline oxindoles in a human ovarian cancer cell line. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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