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Cao X, Gong Y. Recent developments of hydroxamic acid hybrids as potential anti-breast cancer agents. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:469-492. [PMID: 38293775 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors not only possess favorable effects on modulating tumor microenvironment and host immune cells but also can reactivate the genes silenced due to deacetylation and chromatin condensation. Hydroxamic acid hybrids as promising histone deacetylase inhibitors have the potential to address drug resistance and reduce severe side effects associated with a single drug molecule due to their capacity to simultaneously modulate multiple targets in cancer cells. Accordingly, rational design of hydroxamic acid hybrids may provide valuable therapeutic interventions for the treatment of breast cancer. This review aimed to provide insights into the in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer therapeutic potential of hydroxamic acid hybrids, together with their mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships, covering articles published from 2020 to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Cao
- School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yufeng Gong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
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2
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Kornicka A, Balewski Ł, Lahutta M, Kokoszka J. Umbelliferone and Its Synthetic Derivatives as Suitable Molecules for the Development of Agents with Biological Activities: A Review of Their Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1732. [PMID: 38139858 PMCID: PMC10747342 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbelliferone (UMB), known as 7-hydroxycoumarin, hydrangine, or skimmetine, is a naturally occurring coumarin in the plant kingdom, mainly from the Umbelliferae family that possesses a wide variety of pharmacological properties. In addition, the use of nanoparticles containing umbelliferone may improve anti-inflammatory or anticancer therapy. Also, its derivatives are endowed with great potential for therapeutic applications due to their broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, antiepileptic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antiproliferative effects. Moreover, 7-hydroxycoumarin ligands have been implemented to develop 7-hydroxycoumarin-based metal complexes with improved pharmacological activity. Besides therapeutic applications, umbelliferone analogues have been designed as fluorescent probes for the detection of biologically important species, such as enzymes, lysosomes, and endosomes, or for monitoring cell processes and protein functions as well various diseases caused by an excess of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, 7-hydroxy-based chemosensors may serve as a highly selective tool for Al3+ and Hg2+ detection in biological systems. This review is devoted to a summary of the research on umbelliferone and its synthetic derivatives in terms of biological and pharmaceutical properties, especially those reported in the literature during the period of 2017-2023. Future potential applications of umbelliferone and its synthetic derivatives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kornicka
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (Ł.B.); (M.L.); (J.K.)
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Lim JS, Kyung SY, Jeon Y, Kim IS, Kwak JH, Kim HS. Anticancer effects of the HDAC inhibitor, 3β,6β‑dihydroxyurs‑12‑en‑27‑oic acid, in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells via the inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathways. Oncol Rep 2023; 49:43. [PMID: 36633143 PMCID: PMC9868892 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Astilbe chinensis (A. chinensis) is a perennial herb that is used to treat chronic bronchitis and pain. The anticancer activity of 3β,6β‑dihydroxyurs‑12‑en‑27‑oic acid (ACT‑3), a major component isolated from A. chinensis, has not yet been investigated in detail. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and anticancer activities of ACT‑3 compared with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells. The purity of ACT‑3 was determined using high‑performance liquid chromatography. In the present study, the effects of ACT‑3 on anticancer effects of MCF‑7 cells were determined by measuring the level of apoptotic cell death and cell cycle regulator using flow cytometry analysis and western blot analysis, respectively. The effects of ACT‑3 on HDAC enzyme activity were measured using assay kits. ACT‑3 and SAHA increased the levels of acetylated histone H3 and reduced the levels of HDAC1 and HDAC3 in MCF‑7 cells. ACT‑3 significantly decreased the cell viability in a concentration‑dependent manner and induced different morphological changes at high concentrations. ACT‑3 and SAHA significantly inhibited the colony formation in MCF‑7 cells. ACT‑3 inhibited total HDAC activity in a dose‑dependent manner. ACT‑3 significantly reduced the expression levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin‑dependent kinase 4, and upregulated the expression levels of p21WAF1 and p53. A significant increase in the G1 phase cell population was observed in MCF‑7 cells and ACT‑3 induced apoptosis by reducing the ratio of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X (Bax) and releasing cleaved caspase 9. Additionally, ACT‑3 significantly increased autophagic cell death by inhibiting the serine‑threonine kinase/mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. Autophagy induction was confirmed via acridine orange staining. ACT‑3 significantly increased the pERK1/2 and p21 in MCF‑7 cells. Thus, the activated ERK pathway played an important role in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via ERK‑dependent induction of p21 in MCF‑7 cells. These data indicated that ACT‑3 can be used as a promising anticancer agent to overcome the limitations and reduce the side effects of conventional anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seung Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kyung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukyoung Jeon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea,Correspondence to: Professor Hyung Sik Kim or Dr Jong Hwan Kwak, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea, E-mail:
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea,Correspondence to: Professor Hyung Sik Kim or Dr Jong Hwan Kwak, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea, E-mail:
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4
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He X, Hui Z, Xu L, Bai R, Gao Y, Wang Z, Xie T, Ye XY. Medicinal chemistry updates of novel HDACs inhibitors (2020 to present). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113946. [PMID: 34775332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epigentic enzymes histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from the ε-N-acetylated lysine residues of various protein substrates including both histone and non-histone proteins. Different HDACs have distinct biological functions and are recruited to specific regions of the genome. Due to their important biological functions, HDACs have been validated in clinics for anticancer therapy, and are being explored for potential treatment of several other diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD), metabolic disease, viral infection, and multiple sclerosis, etc. Besides five approved drugs, there are more than thirty HDACs inhibitors currently being investigated in clinical trials. Centering on the advances of drug discovery programs in this field since 2020, this review discusses HDACs inhibitors from the aspects of the structure-based rational design, isoform selectivity, pharmacology, and toxicology of the compounds of interest. The hope is to provide the medicinal chemistry community with up-to-date information and to accelerate the drug discovery programs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui He
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China; School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, China
| | - Zi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Zongcheng Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
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Huda ZU, Mansha A, Asim S, Shahzad A. Effect of pH on Fluorescence Spectra of Coumarin Derivatives. J Fluoresc 2021; 32:57-66. [PMID: 34648128 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Colourless crystalline solid coumarin with a bitter taste and sweet vanilla-like odor mostly acts as chemical protection against predators in plants. Anticoagulants (blood thinners), anti-fungicidal, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties of coumarin are all used to treat skin diseases. Because of internal charge transfer (ICT), coumarin molecules displayed a solvatochromic effect in various solvents of varying polarity. The emission wavelength dependent fluorescence intensity was also affected by pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ul Huda
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Asim
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Alina Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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A novel aggregation induced emission probe based on coumarin scaffold for imaging hypochlorite in cells and zebrafish. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Zhao LX, Wang ZX, Peng JF, Zou YL, Hui YZ, Chen YZ, Gao S, Fu Y, Ye F. Design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity of novel phenoxypyridine derivatives containing natural product coumarin. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4785-4798. [PMID: 34161678 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) inhibitors have been widely studied as important agricultural herbicides. Our research focused on the design and synthesis of novel PPO inhibitor herbicides, through linking of a diphenylether pyridine bioisostere structure to substituted coumarins, which aims to enhance environmental and crop safety while retaining high efficacy. RESULTS A total of 21 compounds were synthesized via acylation reactions and all compounds were characterized using infrared, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectra. The respective configurations of compounds IV-6 and IV-12 were also confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The bioassay results showed that the title compounds displayed notable herbicidal activity, particularly compound IV-6 which displayed better herbicidal activity in greenhouse and field experiments, crop selectivity and safety for cotton and soybean compared with the commercial herbicide oxyfluorfen. CONCLUSION The work revealed that compound IV-6 deserves further attention as a candidate structure for a novel and safe herbicide. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Feng Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue-Li Zou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Zhuo Hui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Simic M, Petkovic M, Jovanovic P, Jovanovic M, Tasic G, Besu I, Zizak Z, Aleksic I, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Savic V. Fragment-type 4-azolylcoumarin derivatives with anticancer properties. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100238. [PMID: 34374111 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several coumarin derivatives with a directly attached azole substituent at C-4 were synthesized and biologically studied for their anticancer properties. The cell lines used for this investigation (HeLa, K-562, MDA-MB-53, and MCF-7) demonstrated different sensitivities. The best response in the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay was shown by K-562 cells, with compounds displaying activity (3c, IC50 3.06 μM; 4a, IC50 5.24 μM; 4c, IC50 4.7 μM) similar to that of cisplatin (IC50 ~6 μM), which was used as the standard. The studied azole-substituted coumarins demonstrated weaker activity toward other cell lines, except for compound 4c, which was equally potent in the case of MCF-7 cells. Additional biological evaluations supported interference with the cell cycle as a potential mechanism of action and confirmed the absence of toxicity in zebrafish embryos. On the basis of these initial results, 4-azole coumarins should be explored further. Although their activity would need additional optimization, the fact that these compounds are fragment-like structures with MW <300 and clog P <3 offers enough flexibility to fine-tune their drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Simic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Petkovic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Jovanovic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Jovanovic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Tasic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irina Besu
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Zizak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Aleksic
- Laboratory for Eco-Biotechnology and Drug Development, Institute for Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Laboratory for Eco-Biotechnology and Drug Development, Institute for Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Hai R, He L, Shu G, Yin G. Characterization of Histone Deacetylase Mechanisms in Cancer Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:700947. [PMID: 34395273 PMCID: PMC8360675 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over decades of studies, accumulating evidence has suggested that epigenetic dysregulation is a hallmark of tumours. Post-translational modifications of histones are involved in tumour pathogenesis and development mainly by influencing a broad range of physiological processes. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are pivotal epigenetic modulators that regulate dynamic processes in the acetylation of histones at lysine residues, thereby influencing transcription of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Moreover, HDACs mediate the deacetylation process of many nonhistone proteins and thus orchestrate a host of pathological processes, such as tumour pathogenesis. In this review, we elucidate the functions of HDACs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihan Hai
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuer He
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ngoc Toan V, Dinh Thanh N. Novel thiazoline–coumarin hybrid compounds containing sugar moieties: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study as antiproliferative agents. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00680k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Thiadiazoline–coumarin hybrid compounds containing d-glucose and d-galactose moieties have the cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG2, HeLa, SK-Mel-2, and LU-1 cells and also EGFR and HER2 kinases. Molecular docking showed key roles in enhancing potency against both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Ngoc Toan
- Department of Toxicological Chemistry and Radiation
- Institute for Advanced Technology (Vietnam Academy of Military Science and Technology)
- Ha Noi
- Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Nguyen Dinh Thanh
- Faculty of Chemistry
- VNU University of Science (Vietnam National University, Ha Noi)
- Ha Noi
- Vietnam
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García S, Mercado-Sánchez I, Bahena L, Alcaraz Y, García-Revilla MA, Robles J, Santos-Martínez N, Ordaz-Rosado D, García-Becerra R, Vazquez MA. Design of Fluorescent Coumarin-Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of HDACs: Synthesis, Anti-Proliferative Evaluation and Docking Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215134. [PMID: 33158250 PMCID: PMC7662212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarin-hydroxamic acid derivatives 7a-k were herein designed with a dual purpose: as antiproliferative agents and fluorescent probes. The compounds were synthesized in moderate yields (30-87%) through a simple methodology, biological evaluation was carried out on prostate (PC3) and breast cancer (BT-474 and MDA-MB-231) cell lines to determine the effects on cell proliferation and gene expression. For compounds 7c, 7e, 7f, 7i and 7j the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation was similar to that found with the reference compound at a comparable concentration (10 μM), in addition, their molecular docking studies performed on histone deacetylases 1, 6 and 8 showed strong binding to the respective active sites. In most cases, antiproliferative activity was accompanied by greater levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, downregulation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, and regulation of cyclin D1 gene expression. We conclude that compounds 7c, 7e, 7f, 7i and 7j may be considered as potential anticancer agents, considering their antiproliferative properties, their effect on the regulation of the genes, as well as their capacity to dock to the active sites. The fluorescent properties of compound 7j and 7k suggest that they can provide further insight into the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago García
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto. 36050, Mexico; (S.G.); (I.M.-S.); (L.B.); (M.A.G.-R.)
| | - Itzel Mercado-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto. 36050, Mexico; (S.G.); (I.M.-S.); (L.B.); (M.A.G.-R.)
| | - Luis Bahena
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto. 36050, Mexico; (S.G.); (I.M.-S.); (L.B.); (M.A.G.-R.)
| | - Yolanda Alcaraz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto. 36050, Mexico; (Y.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Marco A. García-Revilla
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto. 36050, Mexico; (S.G.); (I.M.-S.); (L.B.); (M.A.G.-R.)
| | - Juvencio Robles
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto. 36050, Mexico; (Y.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Nancy Santos-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (N.S.-M.); (D.O.-R.)
| | - David Ordaz-Rosado
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (N.S.-M.); (D.O.-R.)
| | - Rocío García-Becerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Miguel A. Vazquez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto. 36050, Mexico; (S.G.); (I.M.-S.); (L.B.); (M.A.G.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-473-732-0006 (ext. 1419)
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