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Muema FW, Nanjala C, Oulo MA, Wangchuk P. Phytochemical Content and Antidiabetic Properties of Most Commonly Used Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants of Kenya. Molecules 2023; 28:7202. [PMID: 37894680 PMCID: PMC10609527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicinal plants have been used for decades in folk medicines in the treatment and management of several ailments and diseases including diabetes, pain, ulcers, cancers, and wounds, among others. This study focused on the phytochemical and antidiabetic activity of the commonly used antidiabetic medicinal species in Kenya. Phytochemical profiling of these species revealed flavonoids and terpenoids as the major chemical classes reported which have been linked with strong biological activities against the aforementioned diseases, among others. However, out of the selected twenty-two species, many of the natural product isolation studies have focused on only a few species, as highlighted in the study. All of the examined crude extracts from thirteen antidiabetic species demonstrated strong antidiabetic activities by inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase among other mechanisms, while nine are yet to be evaluated for their antidiabetic activities. Isolated compounds S-Methylcysteine sulfoxide, quercetin, alliuocide G, 2-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3 (2H)-benzofuranone, Luteolin-7-O-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin, 1,3,11α-Trihydroxy-9-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-7-on-2-yl)-5α-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,6,11-hexahydro-5,6,11-trioxanaphthacene-12-one and [1,3,11α-Trihydroxy-9-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-7-on-2-yl)-5α-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,6,11-hexahydro-5,6,11-trioxanaphthacene-12-one]-4'-O-D-gluco-pyranoside from Allium cepa have been found to exhibit significant antidiabetic activities. With the huge number of adults living with diabetes in Kenya and the available treatment methods being expensive yet not so effective, this study highlights alternative remedies by documenting the commonly used antidiabetic medicinal plants. Further, the study supports the antidiabetic use of these plants with the existing pharmacological profiles and highlights research study gaps. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct natural products isolation work on the selected antidiabetic species commonly used in Kenya and evaluate their antidiabetic activities, both in vitro and in vivo, to validate their antidiabetic use and come up with new antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wambua Muema
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (M.A.O.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia;
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Millicent Akinyi Oulo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (M.A.O.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd., Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
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Wang LX, Wang HL, Huang J, Chu TZ, Peng C, Zhang H, Chen HL, Xiong YA, Tan YZ. Review of lignans from 2019 to 2021: Newly reported compounds, diverse activities, structure-activity relationships and clinical applications. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113326. [PMID: 35842031 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignans, with various biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, are widely distributed in nature and mainly exist in the xylem of plants. In this paper, we summarized the structures and bioactivities of lignans reported in recent years (2019-2021) from five parts, including (1) a summary and classification of newly reported compounds; (2) the pharmacological activities of lignans; (3) molecular resources and activity distribution; (4) the structure-activity relationships; and (5) the clinical application of lignans. This review covers all undescribed compounds that were reported within the covered period of time and all bioactivity data about previously isolated lignans. The distribution of lignans in different plants and families is visualized, which improves the efficiency of searching for specific molecules. The diverse activities of different types of lignans provide an important reference for the rapid screening of these compounds. Discussion about the structure-activity relationships of lignans provides a direction for the structural modification of skeleton molecules. Combined with the clinical application of such molecules, this work will provide a valuable reference for pharmaceutical chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hong-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tian-Zhe Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yong-Ai Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Yu-Zhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Dhatwalia J, Kumari A, Verma R, Upadhyay N, Guleria I, Lal S, Thakur S, Gudeta K, Kumar V, Chao JCJ, Sharma S, Kumar A, Manicum ALE, Lorenzo JM, Amarowicz R. Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26227010. [PMID: 34834102 PMCID: PMC8624575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carissa, a genus of the Apocynaceae family, consists of evergreen species, such as shrubs as well as small trees that are native to Asia, Africa, and Oceania’s subtropical and tropical regions. Most of the Carissa species are traditionally used to treat various diseases, such as chest pain, headaches, gonorrhoea, rheumatism, syphilis, oedema, rabies, stomach pain, hepatitis, cardiac diseases, and asthma. The pharmacological studies on Carissa species revealed its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, antipyretic, analgesic, wound healing, anticonvulsant, antiarthritic, adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities, thus validating its use in indigenous medicine systems. The review article summarised the comprehensive literature available, including morphology, indigenous uses, bioactive composition, nutraceutical, and pharmacological activities of Carissa species. A total of 155 research papers were cited in this review article. The Carissa fruits are rich in dietary fibre, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamin C, and macro- and micro-elements. A total of 121 compounds (35 polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids), 30 lignans, 41 terpenoids, 7 steroids, 2 coumarins, and 6 cardiac glycosides) have been extracted from C. spinarum, C. carandas, and C. macrocarpa. Among all chemical constituents, lupeol, carissol, naringin, carisssone, scopoletin, carissaeduloside A, D, J, carandinol, sarhamnoloside, carissanol, olivil, carinol, 3β-hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13β-oilde, ursolic acid, and carissone are the key bioactive constituents responsible for pharmacological activities of genus Carissa. The gathered ethnopharmacological information in the review will help to understand the therapeutic relevance of Carissa as well as paving a way for further exploration in the discovery of novel plant-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dhatwalia
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Amita Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Navneet Upadhyay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India;
| | - Ishita Guleria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Sohan Lal
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Shabnam Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Kasahun Gudeta
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173212, HP, India; (J.D.); (R.V.); (I.G.); (S.L.); (S.T.); (K.G.)
- Department of Applied Biology, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, P.O. Box 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India;
| | - Jane C.-J. Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Somesh Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management, Solan 173229, HP, India;
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249405, India;
| | | | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (R.A.)
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