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Chen L, Xin X, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhao X, Li S, Xu Z. Advances in Biosynthesis of Non-Canonical Amino Acids (ncAAs) and the Methods of ncAAs Incorporation into Proteins. Molecules 2023; 28:6745. [PMID: 37764520 PMCID: PMC10534643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional pool of canonical amino acids (cAAs) has been enriched through the emergence of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs). NcAAs play a crucial role in the production of various pharmaceuticals. The biosynthesis of ncAAs has emerged as an alternative to traditional chemical synthesis due to its environmental friendliness and high efficiency. The breakthrough genetic code expansion (GCE) technique developed in recent years has allowed the incorporation of ncAAs into target proteins, giving them special functions and biological activities. The biosynthesis of ncAAs and their incorporation into target proteins within a single microbe has become an enticing application of such molecules. Based on that, in this study, we first review the biosynthesis methods for ncAAs and analyze the difficulties related to biosynthesis. We then summarize the GCE methods and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Further, we review the application progress of ncAAs and anticipate the challenges and future development directions of ncAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.X.)
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Yu Q, Mao H, Yang B, Zhu Y, Sun C, Zhao Z, Li Y, Zhang Y. Electro-polarization of protein-like substances accelerates trans-cell-wall electron transfer in microbial extracellular respiration. iScience 2023; 26:106065. [PMID: 36818305 PMCID: PMC9929677 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation has been used to strengthen microbial extracellular electron transfer (EET), however, the deep-seated reasons remain unclear. Here we reported that Bacillus subtilis, a typical gram-positive bacterium capable of extracellular respiration, obtained a higher EET capacity after the electrical domestication. After the electrical domestication, the current generated by the EET of B. subtilis was 23.4-fold that of the control group without pre-domestication. Multiple lines of evidence in bacterial cells of B. subtilis, their cell walls, and a model tripeptide indicated that the polarization of amide groups after the electrical stimulation forwarded the H-bonds recombination and radical generation of protein-like substances to develop extracellular electron transfer via the proton-coupled pattern. The improved electrochemical properties of protein-like substances benefited the trans-cell-wall electron transfer and strengthen extracellular respiration. This study was the first exploration to promote microbial extracellular respiration by improving the electrochemical properties of protein-like substances in cell envelopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haohao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yahui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China,Corresponding author
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Ljoljić Bilić V, Gašić UM, Milojković-Opsenica D, Rimac H, Vuković Rodriguez J, Vlainić J, Brlek-Gorski D, Kosalec I. Antibacterial Fractions from Erodium cicutarium Exposed—Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Focus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040492. [PMID: 35453242 PMCID: PMC9027144 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Followed by a buildup of its phytochemical profile, Erodium cicutarium is being subjected to antimicrobial investigation guided with its ethnobotanical use. The results of performed in vitro screening on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans strains, show that E. cicutarium has antimicrobial activity, with a particular emphasis on clinical S. aureus strains—both the methicillin sensitive (MSSA) and the methicillin resistant (MRSA) S. aureus. Experimental design consisted of general methods (the serial microdilution broth assay and the agar well diffusion assay), as well as observing bactericidal/bacteriostatic activity through time (the “time-kill” assay), investigating the effect on cell wall integrity and biofilm formation, and modulation of bacterial hemolysis. Observed antibacterial activity from above-described methods led to further activity-guided fractionation of water and methanol extracts using bioautography coupled with UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS4. It was determined that active fractions are predominantly formed by gallic acid derivatives and flavonol glycosides. Among the most active phytochemicals, galloyl-shikimic acid was identified as the most abundant compound. These results point to a direct connection between galloyl-shikimic acid and the observed E. cicutarium antibacterial activity, and open several new research approaches for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Ljoljić Bilić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.L.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Uroš M. Gašić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | | | - Hrvoje Rimac
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.L.B.); (H.R.)
| | | | - Josipa Vlainić
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Diana Brlek-Gorski
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Rockefeller Str. 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Kosalec
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.L.B.); (H.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1639-4492
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Bouchard M, Tremblay T, Paré-Lacroix MP, Gagné-Boulet M, Fortin S, Giguère D. Synthetic development of sugar amino acid oligomers towards novel podophyllotoxin analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 52:116501. [PMID: 34837817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed an approach for the synthesis of sugar amino acid oligomers based on the glucosamine scaffold. We found that the solid-phase approach was unsuccessful for the preparation of sugar amino acid oligomers and the limitation of the liquid-phase approach revolved around the low solubility of larger oligomers. Nevertheless, this strategy allowed the coupling of alkynylated carbohydrate amino acids with podophyllotoxin-bearing an azide functional group yielding novel podophyllotoxin analogues. Due to their low solubility, the antiproliferative study revealed no anticancer activity of these newly synthesized analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Bouchard
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thomas Tremblay
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Paré-Lacroix
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mathieu Gagné-Boulet
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe oncologie, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, QC G1L 3L5, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sébastien Fortin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe oncologie, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, QC G1L 3L5, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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