Antioxidant and anti-sickling activity of glucal-based triazoles compounds - An in vitro and in silico study

Exploring Substituted Tetrazoloquinazoline: Biological Activities, Molecular Docking Analysis, and Anti-Breast Cancer MCF7/HER2 Effects

Breast cancer is a condition where breast tissue cells grow uncontrollably. Various natural and synthesized compounds, such as quinazoline, have been studied for their potential as anticancer agents. Quinazoline derivatives have shown diverse bioactivities, including antimalarial, antifungal, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. This research aims to synthesize substituted tetrazoloquinazoline and evaluate its potential as an anticancer agent using molecular docking studies with the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software. Furthermore, molecular dynamic was also performed to analyze the binding stability of this protein-ligand complex. Additionally, the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of quinazoline compounds were assessed using the website https://www.swissadme.ch. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds was evaluated using the MTT assay. The docking results revealed that substituted tetrazoloquinazoline exhibited a significantly different range of binding free energy compared to the positive control. Moreover, the substituted tetrazoloquinazoline compounds comply with Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ro5), indicating that they are easily absorbable and have good permeability. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds was found to have an IC50 value of >1000 ppm, classifying them as noncytotoxic. It therefore paved the way for the discovery of promising next-generation drugs against breast cancer.

An updated review on 1,2,3-/1,2,4-triazoles: synthesis and diverse range of biological potential

The synthesis of triazoles has attracted a lot of interest in the field of organic chemistry because of its versatile chemical characteristics and possible biological uses. This review offers an extensive overview of the different pathways used in the production of triazoles. A detailed analysis of recent research indicates that triazole compounds have a potential range of pharmacological activities, including the ability to inhibit enzymes, and have antibacterial, anticancer, and antifungal activities. The integration of computational and experimental methods provides a thorough understanding of the structure-activity connection, promoting sensible drug design and optimization. By including triazoles as essential components in drug discovery, researchers can further explore and innovate in the synthesis, biological assessment, and computational studies of triazoles as drugs, exploring the potential therapeutic significance of triazoles.

Emerging Aspects of Triazole in Organic Synthesis: Exploring its Potential as a Gelator

Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) - commonly known as the "click reaction" - serves as the most effective and highly reliable tool for facile construction of simple to complex designs at the molecular level. It relates to the formation of carbon heteroatomic systems by joining or clicking small molecular pieces together with the help of various organic reactions such as cycloaddition, conjugate addition, ring-opening, etc. Such dynamic strategy results in the generation of triazole and its derivatives from azides and alkynes with three nitrogen atoms in the five-membered aromatic azole ring that often forms gel-assembled structures having gelating properties. These scaffolds have led to prominent applications in designing advanced soft materials, 3D printing, ion sensing, drug delivery, photonics, separation, and purification. In this review, we mainly emphasize the different mechanistic aspects of triazole formation, which includes the synthesis of sugar-based and non-sugar-based triazoles, and their gel applications reported in the literature for the past ten years, as well as the upcoming scope in different branches of applied sciences.

Discovery of new 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles: in silico ADME profiling, molecular docking and biological evaluation studies

In this work, eight new 1,2,3-triazoles (6a-h) were synthesized from acetylenes' "click" reaction with p-substituted azide derivatives. The structures of the compounds were characterized using standard analytical and spectroscopic methods (elemental analysis, FT-IR, ¹H(¹³C)NMR). The anticancer, antioxidant, α-amylase, ADME, molecular docking studies of synthesized triazoles were investigated. According to α -amylase enzyme inhibition results, all compounds except 6c (IC₅₀: 2299 μg/mL) were found to have a higher IC₅₀ value than the standard drug acarbose (IC₅₀: 891 μg/mL). Compound 6g (IC₅₀: 68 μg/mL) exhibited 13 times higher activity than standard acarbose. All compounds, except 6e, have been shown to have greater DPPH radical scavenging capabilities than BHT and β-carotene standards. According to ABTS radical scavenging studies, all compounds showed higher scavenging activity than ascorbic acid and Trolox. To determine the anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds, they were screened against the Hela cell line, and the results were compared with standard cisplatin (IC₅₀: 16.30 μg/mL). Compound 6a (IC₅₀: 49.03 μg/mL) was determined to have moderate activity relative to cisplatin. The compounds were examined comprehensively for ADME characteristics and did not violate any drug-likeness rule. ADME data showed that all physicochemical and pharmacological parameters of the compounds remained within defined limits as specified in Lipinski's rules (RO5) and put forth a high bioavailability profile. The molecular docking findings show that all molecules have a high affinity by exhibiting polar and apolar contact with essential residues in the binding pocket of α-amylase.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Biological Evaluation of 4-(1H-triazol-1-yl)benzoic Acid Hybrids as Antioxidant Agents: In Vitro Screening and DFT Study

Fourteen triazole benzoic acid hybrids were previously characterized. This work aimed to screen their in vitro antioxidant activity using different assays, i.e., DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), reducing the power capability, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidants power) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylben zothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical scavenging. The 14 compounds showed antioxidant properties in relation to standard BHA (butylated hydroxylanisole) and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid). Higher antioxidant activity was observed by the parent (1) at a concentration of 100 µg/mL (89.95 ± 0.34 and 88.59 ± 0.13%) when tested by DPPH and ABTS methods in relation to BHA at 100 µg/mL (95.02 ± 0.74 and 96.18 ± 0.33%). The parent (2) demonstrated remarkable scavenging activity when tested by ABTS (62.00 ± 0.24%), however, 3 was less active (29.98 ± 0.13%). Compounds 5, 6, 9, and 11 exhibited good scavenging activity compared to 1. DFT studies were performed using the B3LYP/6-311++g (2d,2p) level of theory to evaluate different antioxidant descriptors for the targets. Three antioxidant mechanisms, i.e., hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), sequential electron transfer proton transfer (SETPT) and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) were suggested to describe the antioxidant properties of 1–14. Out of the 14 triazole benzoic acid hybrids, 5, 9, 6, and 11 showed some good theoretical results, which were in agreement with some experimental outcomes. Based on the computed (PA and ETE) and (BDE and IP) values in (SPLET) and (HAT and SETPT) mechanisms, respectively, compound 9 emerged has having good antioxidant activity.