1
|
Duan Y, Sun W, Li Y, Shi Z, Li L, Zhang Y, Huang K, Zhang Z, Qi C, Zhang Y. Spirohypertones A and B as potent antipsoriatics: Tumor necrosis factor- α inhibitors with unprecedented chemical architectures. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2646-2656. [PMID: 38828134 PMCID: PMC11143743 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a promising target for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Spirohypertones A (1) and B (2), two unprecedented polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols with highly rearranged skeletons, were isolated from Hypericum patulum. The structures of 1 and 2 were confirmed through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Importantly, 2 showed remarkable TNF-α inhibitory activity, which could protect L929 cells from death induced by co-incubation with TNF-α and actinomycin D. It also demonstrated the ability to suppress the inflammatory response in HaCaT cells stimulated with TNF-α. Notably, in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis murine model, 2 restrained symptoms of epidermal hyperplasia associated with psoriasis, presenting anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. This discovery positions 2 as a potent TNF-α inhibitor, providing a promising lead compound for developing an antipsoriatic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yongqi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhengyi Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lanqin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yeting Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tao B, Li Y, Shi Z, Duan Y, Guo Y, Huang X, Li J, Zhang Y, Chen M, Song F, Lan X, Sun W, Gu L, Qi C, Zhang Y. Discovery of bioactive polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols with adamantine/homoadamantane skeletons from Hypericum wilsonii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 218:113953. [PMID: 38101592 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, nine previous undescribed polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols with adamantine/homoadamantane skeletons, cumilcinols A-I (1-9), along with six known analogues, were isolated and identified from the stems, leaves and flowers of Hypericum wilsonii. Their structures were determined by HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray crystallography as well as electronic circular dichroism calculations and comparisons. Compound 2 formed a unique furan ring bearing a rare acetal functionality. In bioassays, hyperacmosin G (13) could significantly inhibit the production of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell (IC50 = 4.350 ± 1.146 μM), and increased expression of related transcription factors at the gene level, inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65, and reduce the protein expression of COX-2. Additionally, compound 5 showed significant inhibitory activity on Con A-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation (IC50 = 4.803 ± 3.149 μM), and treatment of 5 could reduce the increased ratio of CD4 and CD8 subpopulations induced by Con A in vitro. Those results indicated 13 possesses potential anti-inflammatory activity, and 5 exhibits a certain degree of immunosuppressive activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyi Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Road, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinye Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeting Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqi Lan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghu Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caldeira GI, Gouveia LP, Serrano R, Silva OD. Hypericum Genus as a Natural Source for Biologically Active Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192509. [PMID: 36235373 PMCID: PMC9573133 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum L. genus plants are distributed worldwide, with numerous species identified throughout all continents, except Antarctica. These plant species are currently used in various systems of traditional medicine to treat mild depression, wounds and burns, diarrhea, pain, fevers, and their secondary metabolites previously shown, and the in vitro and/or in vivo cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and hepatoprotective activities, as well as the acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities. We conducted a systematic bibliographic search according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines to answer the question: "What is known about plants of Hypericum genus as a source of natural products with potential clinical biological activity?" We documented 414 different natural products with confirmed in vitro/in vivo biological activities, and 58 different Hypericum plant species as sources for these natural products. Phloroglucinols, acylphloroglucinols, xanthones, and benzophenones were the main chemical classes identified. The selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells, cell protection, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidepressant, anti-Alzheimer's, and adipogenesis-inhibition biological activities are described. Acylphloroglucinols were the most frequent compounds with anticancer and cell-protection mechanisms. To date, no work has been published with a full descriptive list directly relating secondary metabolites to their species of origin, plant parts used, extraction methodologies, mechanisms of action, and biological activities.
Collapse
|
4
|
Duan Y, Bu P, Guo Y, Shi Z, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Hu H, Hu H, Qi C, Zhang Y. (±)-Walskiiglucinol A, a pair of rearranged acylphloroglucinol derivative enantiomers from Hypericum przewalskii. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4970-4975. [PMID: 35674501 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00562j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(±)-Walskiiglucinol A (1a/1b), a pair of rearranged acylphloroglucinol derivatives with a new carbon skeleton, was obtained from Hypericum przewalskii. Compounds 1a/1b were the first examples of naturally occurring acylphloroglucinol derivatives possessing a unique 1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane core bearing a new 5/5 ring system. Their planar and relative structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis and NMR chemical shift calculations with DP4+ probability analysis, and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. A plausible biogenetic pathway of 1a/1b was proposed in which the breakage of the C-2/C-3 linkage via a retro-Claisen reaction and the cyclization between C-3 and C-1 were proposed as key steps. The isolates were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against a panel of cancer cell lines and anti-inflammatory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production, and compounds 1a/1b showed moderate cytotoxic activities with IC50 values ranging from 9.72 to 36.75 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengfei Bu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengyi Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunfang Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yeting Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hankun Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu W, Bai M, Liu DF, Qin SY, Lv TM, Li Q, Lin B, Song SJ, Huang XX. MS/MS-based molecular networking accelerated discovery of germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus scaber L. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 198:113136. [PMID: 35231501 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Assisted by an MS/MS-based molecular networking guided strategy, six undescribed germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones, namely scaberxones A-F, along with a known analog were obtained and characterized from Elephantopus scaber L. Their structures were unequivocally assigned by detailed spectroscopic analyses, NMR and ECD spectral calculations, and computer-assisted structure elucidation (CASE), complemented with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All compounds were measured for their production of nitric oxide (NO) levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells to assess their anti-neuroinflammatory activity. Scaberxone F showed the most potent inhibition of NO production at a concentration of 10 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - De-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Shu-Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Tian-Ming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qiao Y, Xu Q, Huang Z, Chen X, Ren X, Yuan W, Guan Z, Li P, Li F, Xiong C, Zhu H, Chen C, Gu LH, Zhou Y, Qi C, Hu Z, Liu J, Ye Y, Zhang Y. Genome Mining Reveals a New Cyclopentane-forming Sesterterpene Synthase with Unprecedented Stereo-control. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal bifunctional terpene synthases (BFTSs) catalyze formation of diverse ring systems in diterpene/sesterterpene structures. Through genome mining of fungal BFTSs, we discovered a novel sesterterpenoids gene cluster pst, consisting of...
Collapse
|
7
|
Duan Y, Deng Y, Bu P, Guo Y, Shi Z, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Hu H, Hu Z, Qi C, Zhang Y. Discovery of bioactive polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum wilsonii. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105246. [PMID: 34371372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Eleven new polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), hyperwilsones A-K (1-11), along with five known PPAPs (12-16), were isolated from Hypericum wilsonii. Their structures were established via spectroscopic methods, the careful analysis of calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the modified Mosher's method, and [Rh2(OCOCF3)4]-induced ECD. Hyperwilsone A (1) and hyperwilsone B (2) possessed the unique acetal functionality. Hyperwilsone C (3) was a rare example of [3.3.1]-type PPAP possessing a 3-isopropylfuran moiety. In bioassay, compounds 9 and 10 showed potent anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-induced NO production by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and thus reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Compounds 5, 8, 11, and 14 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against SUDHL-4 and HL60 cancer cells with IC50 values in the range of 5.74-19.82 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Bu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyi Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeting Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxi Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|