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Hu H, Chen J, Zhang F, Sheng Z, Yang Y, Xie Y, Zhou L, Liu Y. Evaluation of Efficiency of Liposome-Entrapped Iridium(III) Complexes Inhibiting Tumor Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Chem 2024; 67:16195-16208. [PMID: 39264254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, three new iridium(III) complexes: [Ir(piq)2(DFIPP)]PF6 (piq = deprotonated 1-phenylisoquinoline, DFIPP = 3,4-difluoro-2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenenthrolin-2-yl)phenol, 3a), [Ir(bzq)2(DFIPP)]PF6 (bzq = deprotonated benzo[h]quinoline, 3b), and [Ir(ppy)2(DFIPP)]PF6 (ppy = deprotonated 1-phenylpyridine, 3c), were synthesized and characterized. The complexes were found to be nontoxic to tumor cells via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Surprisingly, its liposome-entrapped complexes 3alip, 3blip, and 3clip on B16 cells showed strong cytotoxicity (IC50 = 13.6 ± 2.8, 9.6 ± 1.1, and 18.9 ± 2.1 μM). Entry of 3alip, 3blip, and 3clip into B16 cells decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, regulates Bcl-2 family proteins, releases cytochrome c, triggers caspase family cascade reaction, and induces apoptosis. In addition, we also found that 3alip, 3blip, and 3clip triggered ferroptosis and autophagy. In vivo studies demonstrated that 3blip inhibited melanoma growth in C57 mice with a high inhibitory rate of 83.95%, and no organic damage was found in C57 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhujun Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510317, PR China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Li H, Cheng W, Wang C. Annulation of 2-Aroyl D-A Cyclopropanes via Selectively Ring-Opening Process with o-Benzenediamines to Access Quinoxaline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10333-10337. [PMID: 38953243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
An annulation reaction of 2-aroyl D-A cyclopropanes with o-benzenediamines via selective cleavage of C-C bonds of cyclopropane in the presence of DBU/Sc(OTf)3 reaction systems was developed for the direct preparation of 2-aryl-3-benzylquinoxalines. This synthetic approach tolerated a wide range of readily available aroyl-substituted D-A cyclopropanes with diverse functional groups and had operationally simple and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University,180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhe Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University,180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University,180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
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Zhou S, Qu KL, Li JA, Chen SL, Zhang YG, Zhu C, Jin H, Wang Y, Pang Q, Liu HC. YY1 activates EMI2 and promotes the progression of cholangiocarcinoma through the PI3K/Akt signaling axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:699. [PMID: 34933678 PMCID: PMC8693494 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the deadliest cancers of the digestive tract. The prognosis of CCA is poor and the 5-year survival rate is low. Bioinformatic analysis showed that early mitotic inhibitor 2 (EMI2) was overexpressed in CCA but the underlying mechanism is not known. METHODS The data on bile duct carcinoma from TCGA and GEO databases were used to detect the expression of EMI2. The transcription factors of EMI2 were predicted using JASPAR and PROMO databases. Among the predicted transcription factors, YY1 has been rarely reported in cholangiocarcinoma, and was verified using the luciferase reporter gene assay. RT-PCR was performed to predict the downstream pathway of EMI2, and PI3K/Akt was suspected to be associated with it. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to verify the effects of silencing and overexpressing EMI2 and YY1 on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the bile duct cancer cells. RESULTS EMI2 was highly expressed in CCA. Silencing EMI2 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CCA cells, arrested cell cycle in the G1 phase, and promoted of apoptosis. The luciferase reporter gene assay showed that YY1 bound to the promoter region of EMI2, and after silencing YY1, the expression of EMI2 decreased and the progression of CCA was inhibited. Moreover, key proteins in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway decreased after silencing EMI2. CONCLUSION EMI2 may be one of the direct targets of YY1 and promotes the progression of CCA through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Kang Lin Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Jin Ang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Shi Lei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Gang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, No. 1868 Dangshan Road, North Second Ring, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Jin
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, No. 1868 Dangshan Road, North Second Ring, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Wang
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, No. 1868 Dangshan Road, North Second Ring, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China.
| | - Hui Chun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China. .,The Fourth Department of General Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, No. 1868 Dangshan Road, North Second Ring, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, China.
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