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Khamees Thabet H, Ammar YA, Imran M, Hamdy Helal M, Ibrahim Alaqel S, Alshehri A, Ash Mohd A, Abusaif MS, Ragab A. Unveiling anti-diabetic potential of new thiazole-sulfonamide derivatives: Design, synthesis, in vitro bio-evaluation targeting DPP-4, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase with in-silico ADMET and docking simulation. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107671. [PMID: 39067419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) can be managed by targeting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), an enzyme that breaks down and deactivates peptides such as GIP and GLP-1. In this context, a new series of 2-(2-substituted hydrazineyl)thiazole derivatives 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 11 conjugated with the 2-hydroxy-5-(pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)benzylidene fragment were designed and synthesized. The virtual screening of the designed derivatives inside DPP-4 demonstrated good to moderate activity, with binding affinity ranging from -6.86 to -5.36 kcal/mol compared to Sitagliptin (S=-5.58 kcal/mol). These results encourage us to evaluate DPP-4 using in-vitro fluorescence-based assay. The in-vitro results exhibited inhibitory percentage (IP) values ranging from 40.66 to 75.62 % in comparison to Sitagliptin (IP=63.14 %) at 100 µM. Subsequently, the IC50 values were determined, and the 5-aryl thiazole derivatives 10 and 11 revealed strong potent IC50 values 2.75 ± 0.27 and 2.51 ± 0.27 µM, respectively, compared to Sitagliptin (3.32 ± 0.22 µM). The SAR study exhibited the importance of the substituents on the thiazole scaffold, especially with the hydrophobic fragment at C5 of the thiazole, which has a role in the activity. Compounds 10 and 11 were further assessed toward α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and give promising results. Compound 10 showed good activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 value of 3.02 ± 0.23 µM compared to Acarbose 3.05 ± 0.22 µM and (11 = 3.34 ± 0.10 µM). On the other hand, for α-amylase, compound 11 was found to be most effective with IC50 value of 2.91 ± 0.23 µM compared to compound 10 = 3.30 ± 0.16 µM and Acarbose (2.99 ± 0.21 µM) indicating that these derivatives could reduce glucose by more than one target. The most active derivatives 10 and 11 attracted great interest as candidates for oral bioavailability and safe toxicity profiles compared to positive controls. The in-silico docking simulation was performed to understand the binding interactions inside the DPP-4, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase pockets, and it was found to be promising antidiabetic agents through a number of interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Khamees Thabet
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, 91911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yousry A Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hamdy Helal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Ibrahim Alaqel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abida Ash Mohd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa S Abusaif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
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Cardullo N, Calcagno D, Pulvirenti L, Sciacca C, Pittalà MGG, Maccarronello AE, Thevenard F, Muccilli V. Flavonoids with lipase inhibitory activity from lemon squeezing waste: isolation, multispectroscopic and in silico studies. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7639-7648. [PMID: 38775623 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is recognized as a lifestyle-related disease and the main risk factor for a series of pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Citrus limon is an important medicinal plant, and its fruits are rich in flavonoids investigated for their potential in managing obesity. In the present work, a green extraction applied to lemon squeezing waste (LSW) was optimized to recover pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors. RESULTS The microwave-assisted procedure yielded an extract with higher lipase inhibitory activity than those obtained by maceration and ultrasound. The main compounds present in the extract were identified by high-performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, and hesperidin, eriocitrin and 4'-methyllucenin II were isolated. The three compounds were evaluated for in vitro PL inhibitory activity, and 4'-methyllucenin II resulted in the most promising inhibitor (IC50 = 12.1 μmol L-1; Ki = 62.2 μmol L-1). Multispectroscopic approaches suggested the three flavonoids act as competitive inhibitors and the binding studies indicated a greater interaction between PL and 4'-methyllucenin II. Docking analysis indicated the significant interactions of the three flavonoids with the PL catalytic site. CONCLUSION The present work highlights flavonoid glycosides as promising PL inhibitors and proposes LSW as a safe ingredient for the preparation of food supplements for managing obesity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cardullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Luana Pulvirenti
- CNR-ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Sciacca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Fernanda Thevenard
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Maccarronello AE, Cardullo N, Silva AM, Di Francesco A, Costa PC, Rodrigues F, Muccilli V. Unlocking the nutraceutical potential of Corylus avellana L. shells: microwave-assisted extraction of phytochemicals with antiradical and anti-diabetic properties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39072780 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the demand for high-quality natural extracts to be included in nutraceutical formulations has increased sharply. Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shells (HZS) are underrated agricultural by-products that could be exploited as a source of active ingredients with pro-healthy properties. In the present study, a fully green microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was established for the first time aiming to recover bioactive constituents from HZS with significant nutraceutical value. Key MAE parameters, including ethanol in water concentration, microwave power, irradiation time and solvent-to-powder ratio, were optimized through response surface methodology utilizing a Box-Behnken design to achieve the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant/antiradical activities in the final extract. RESULTS The optimal MAE conditions (28% v/v ethanol/water, 270 s, 670 W, and 37 mL g-1) yielded an extract with significant scavenging capacity against reactive oxygen species and remarkable inhibitory activity towards both α-amylase (IC50 = 7.73 μg mL-1) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 49.44 μg mL-1), demonstrating stronger hypoglycaemic properties than the anti-diabetic drug acarbose. Additionally, fluorescence spectroscopy results highlighted the ability of the optimized extract from HZS (OHS-E) to counteract advanced glycation end-product formation throughout the glycation cascade in a dose-dependent manner. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry profiling unveiled the presence of fatty acids and phenolic compounds, including lignans, flavonoids, gallic acid derivatives and diarylheptanoids. Lastly, the biocompatibility of OHS-E was attested on HT29-MTX and Caco-2 intestinal cells. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings encourage the potential application of OHS-E as an effective nutraceutical component against type 2 diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Paulo C Costa
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Vera Muccilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Elisabetta Maccarronello A, Cardullo N, Margarida Silva A, Di Francesco A, Costa PC, Rodrigues F, Muccilli V. From waste to bioactive compounds: A response surface methodology approach to extract antioxidants from Pistacia vera shells for postprandial hyperglycaemia management. Food Chem 2024; 443:138504. [PMID: 38309024 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Pistacia vera shells, an abundant agricultural by-product, are a rich source of undiscovered bioactive compounds. This study employed a response surface methodology (RSM) approach to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidants. The highest total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were achieved under the optimized extraction conditions (20 % ethanol, 1000 W, 135 s, and solvent-to-solid ratio of 27 mL/g). The resulting extract (OPVS-E) included gallic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, fatty acids, and anacardic acids. Remarkably, OPVS-E displayed potent inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 2.05 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 41.07 μg/mL), by far more powerful than the anti-diabetic drug acarbose, OPVS-E exhibited a strong antiradical capacity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) without causing toxicity in intestinal cells (HT29-MTX and Caco-2). These findings introduce OPVS-E as a potential novel dual-action nutraceutical ingredient, able to mitigate postprandial hyperglycemia and counteract the ROS overproduction occurring in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- University of Catania, Department of Chemical Sciences, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ana Margarida Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonella Di Francesco
- University of Catania, Department of Chemical Sciences, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Paulo C Costa
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Muccilli
- University of Catania, Department of Chemical Sciences, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Sciacca C, Cardullo N, Pulvirenti L, Travagliante G, D'Urso A, D'Agata R, Peri E, Cancemi P, Cornu A, Deffieux D, Pouységu L, Quideau S, Muccilli V. Synthesis of obovatol and related neolignan analogues as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107392. [PMID: 38723423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which can be counteracted by the inhibition of α-glucosidase (α-Glu) and α-amylase (α-Amy), enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates. In recent decades, many natural compounds and their bioinspired analogues have been studied as α-Glu and α-Amy inhibitors. However, no studies have been devoted to the evaluation of α-Glu and α-Amy inhibition by the neolignan obovatol (1). In this work, we report the synthesis of 1 and a library of new analogues. The synthesis of these compounds was achieved by implementing methodologies based on: phenol allylation, Claisen/Cope rearrangements, methylation, Ullmann coupling, demethylation, phenol oxidation and Michael-type addition. Obovatol (1) and ten analogues were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity towards α-Glu and α-Amy. Our investigation highlighted that the naturally occurring 1 and four neolignan analogues (11, 22, 26 and 27) were more effective inhibitors than the hypoglycemic drug acarbose (α-Amy: 34.6 µM; α-Glu: 248.3 µM) with IC5O value of 6.2-23.6 µM toward α-Amy and 39.8-124.6 µM toward α-Glu. Docking investigations validated the inhibition outcomes, highlighting optimal compatibility between synthesized neolignans and both the enzymes. Concurrently circular dichroism spectroscopy detected the conformational changes in α-Glu induced by its interaction with the studied neolignans. Detailed studies through fluorescence measurements and kinetics of α-Glu and α-Amy inhibition also indicated that 1, 11, 22, 26 and 27 have the greatest affinity for α-Glu and 1, 11 and 27 for α-Amy. Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) measurements confirmed that among the compounds studied, the neolignan 27 has the greater affinity for both enzymes, thus corroborating the results obtained by kinetics and fluorescence quenching. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity of the investigated compounds was tested on human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116). All these results demonstrate that these obovatol-based neolignan analogues constitute promising candidates in the pursuit of developing novel hypoglycemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sciacca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luana Pulvirenti
- CNR-ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, via Paolo Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - Gabriele Travagliante
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Agata
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Peri
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cancemi
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Anaëlle Cornu
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Denis Deffieux
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Pouységu
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, Talence Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Joneidi S, Alizadeh SR, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Chlorogenic Acid Derivatives: Structural Modifications, Drug Design, and Biological Activities: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:748-766. [PMID: 37608658 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230822095959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenolic acids have recently gained considerable attention because of their numerous practical, biological, and pharmacological benefits. Various polyphenolic compounds are widely distributed in plant sources. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are the two main polyphenolic compounds that many plants contain abundant polyphenols. Chlorogenic acid, one of the most abundant phenolic acids, has various biological activities, but it is chemically unstable and degrades into other compounds or different enzymatic processes. METHODS In this review, we have studied many publications about CA and its derivatives. CA derivatives were classified into three categories in terms of structure and determined each part's effects on the body. The biological evaluations, structure-activity relationship, and mechanism of action of CA derivatives were investigated. The search databases for this review were ScienceDirect, Scopus, Pub- Med and google scholar. RESULTS Many studies have reported that CA derivatives have demonstrated several biological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbes, anti-mutation, anti-carcinogenic, anti-viral, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-hypertensive, anti-bacterial, and hypoglycemic actions. The synthesis of new stable CA derivatives can enhance its metabolic stability and biological activity. CONCLUSION The present study represented different synthetic methods and biological activities of CA derivatives. These compounds showed high antioxidant activity across a wide range of biological effects. Our goal was to help other researchers design and develop stable analogs of CA for the improvement of its metabolic stability and the promotion of its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Joneidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Roya Alizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Sciacca C, Cardullo N, Pulvirenti L, Di Francesco A, Muccilli V. Evaluation of honokiol, magnolol and of a library of new nitrogenated neolignans as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106455. [PMID: 36913880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease defined as an excessive amount of body fat. It is considered a risk factor for several pathologies; therefore, there is an increasing interest in its treatment. Pancreatic lipase (PL) plays a key role in fat digestion, and its inhibition is a preliminary step in the search for anti-obesity agents. For this reason, many natural compounds and their derivatives are studied as new PL inhibitors. This study reports the synthesis of a library of new compounds inspired by two natural neolignans, honokiol (1) and magnolol (2) and bearing amino or nitro groups linked to a biphenyl core. The synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted biphenyls was achieved through an optimisation of the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction followed by the insertion of allyl chains, thus furnishing the O- and/or N-allyl derivatives, and finally, a sigmatropic rearrangement yielding in some cases, the C-allyl analogues. Magnolol, honokiol and the twenty-one synthesised biphenyls were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity toward PL. Three compounds (15b, 16 and 17b) were more effective inhibitors than the natural neolignans (magnolol IC50 = 158.7 µM and honokiol IC50 = 115.5 µM) with IC50 of 41-44 µM. Detailed studies through kinetics suggested better inhibitory activity of the synthetic analogues compared with the natural 1 and 2. Magnolol (Ki = 614.3 µM; K'i of 140.9 µM) and the synthetic biphenyls 15b (Ki = 286.4 µM; K'i = 36.6 µM) and 16 (Ki = 176.2 µM; K'i = 6.4 µM) are mixed-type inhibitors, whereas honokiol (Ki = 674.8 µM) and 17b (Ki = 249 µM) are competitive inhibitors. Docking studies corroborated these findings, showing the best fitting for intermolecular interaction between biphenyl neolignans and PL. The above outcomes highlighted how the proposed structures could be considered interesting candidates for future studies for the development of more effective PL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sciacca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6. 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6. 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Luana Pulvirenti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6. 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Francesco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6. 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6. 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Fan M, Yang W, Peng Z, He Y, Wang G. Chromone-based benzohydrazide derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitor: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106276. [PMID: 36434950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to find new α-glucosidase inhibitors with high efficiency and low toxicity, novel chromone-based benzohydrazide derivatives 6a-6s were synthesized and characterized through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. All the new synthesized compounds were tested for inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase. Compounds 6a-6s with IC50 values ranging from 4.51 ± 0.09 to 27.21 ± 0.83 μM, showed a potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity as compared to the positive control (acarbose: IC50 = 790.40 ± 0.91 μM). Compound 6i exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 4.51 ± 0.09 μM. Theinteractionbetween α-glucosidase and 6i was further confirmed by enzyme kinetic, fluorescence quenching, circular dichroism, and molecular docking study. In vivo experiment showed that 6i could suppress the rise of blood glucose levels after sucrose loading. The cytotoxicity result indicated that 6i exhibited low cytotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Fan
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yan He
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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The α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Capacity of Grape Pomace: A Review. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023; 16:691-703. [PMID: 36062030 PMCID: PMC9427156 DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The concept of functional foods is gaining more importance due to its role in maintaining a healthy status and preventing some metabolic diseases. The control of diabetes, in particular type-2 (T2DM), could be considered a big challenge since it involves other factors such as eating habits. From the pharmacological point of view, inhibiting digestive enzymes, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, is one of the mechanisms mainly used by synthetic drugs to control this disease; however, several side effects are described. For that reason, using bioactive compounds may appear as an alternative without presenting the complications synthetic drugs available on the market have. The winemaking industry generates tons of waste annually, and grape pomace (GP) is the most important. GP is recognized for its nutritional value and as a source of bioactive compounds that are helpful for human health. This review highlights the importance of GP as a possible source of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors. Also, it is emphasized the components involved in this bioactivity and the possible interactions among them. Especially, some phenolic compounds and fiber of GP are the main ones responsible for interfering with the human digestive enzymes. Preliminary studies in vitro confirmed this bioactivity; however, further information is required to allow the specific use of GP as a functional ingredient inside the market of products recommended for people with diabetes. Graphical abstract
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Benzothiazole-tethered 1,2,3-triazoles: Synthesis, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Torrisi C, Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Tringali C, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG. Characterization and Interaction with Biomembrane Model of Benzo[k,l]xanthene Lignan Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060615. [PMID: 35736322 PMCID: PMC9227282 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[k,l]xanthene lignans are a group of rare natural products belonging to the class of polyphenols with promising biological activities and are studied as potential chemotherapeutic agents. The lipophilic character of a xanthene core makes these molecules difficult to be used in an aqueous medium, limiting their employment in studies for pharmaceutical applications. To overcome this problem, a drug-delivery system which is able to improve the stability and bioavailability of the compound can be used. In this study, a bioactive benzoxanthene lignan (BXL) has been included in SLN. Unloaded and BXL-loaded SLN have been prepared using the Phase Inversion Temperature method and characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and stability. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to evaluate the thermotropic behavior and ability of SLN to act as carriers for BXL. A biomembrane model, represented by multilamellar vesicles, was used to simulate the interaction of the SLN with the cellular membrane. Unloaded and loaded SLN were incubated with the MLV, and their interactions were evaluated through variations in their calorimetric curves. The results obtained suggest that SLN could be used as a delivery system for BXL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Torrisi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (N.C.); (V.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (N.C.); (V.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (N.C.); (V.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Sarpietro
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.T.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen S, Lin B, Gu J, Yong T, Gao X, Xie Y, Xiao C, Zhan JY, Wu Q. Binding Interaction of Betulinic Acid to α-Glucosidase and Its Alleviation on Postprandial Hyperglycemia. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082517. [PMID: 35458714 PMCID: PMC9032457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the intestinal α-glucosidase can effectively control postprandial hyperglycemia for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. In the present study, we reported the binding interaction of betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene widely distributed in nature, on α-glucosidase and its alleviation on postprandial hyperglycemia. BA was verified to exhibit a strong inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 16.83 ± 1.16 μM. More importantly, it showed a synergistically inhibitory effect with acarbose. The underlying inhibitory mechanism was investigated by kinetics analysis, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and binding free energy calculation. BA showed a non-competitive inhibition on α-glucosidase. SPR revealed that it had a strong and fast affinity to α-glucosidase with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) value of 5.529 × 10−5 M and a slow dissociation. Molecular docking and MD simulation revealed that BA bound to the active site of α-glucosidase mainly due to the van der Waals force and hydrogen bond, and then changed the micro-environment and secondary structure of α-glucosidase. Free energy decomposition indicated amino acid residues such as PHE155, PHE175, HIE277, PHE298, GLU302, TRY311 and ASP347 of α-glucosidase at the binding pocket had strong interactions with BA, while LYS153, ARG210, ARG310, ARG354 and ARG437 showed a negative contribution to binding affinity between BA and α-glucosidase. Significantly, oral administration of BA alleviated the postprandial blood glucose fluctuations in mice. This work may provide new insights into the utilization of BA as a functional food and natural medicine for the control of postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510070, China; (S.C.); (T.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Bing Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Jiangyong Gu
- Research Centre for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Tianqiao Yong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510070, China; (S.C.); (T.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Xiong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510070, China; (S.C.); (T.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510070, China; (S.C.); (T.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Chun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510070, China; (S.C.); (T.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (C.X.)
| | - Janis Yaxian Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510070, China; (S.C.); (T.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (C.X.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.Z.); (Q.W.)
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Spaghetti Enriched with Inulin: Effect of Polymerization Degree on Quality Traits and α-Amylase Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082482. [PMID: 35458679 PMCID: PMC9026318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin is considered a dietary fiber and represents a noteworthy ingredient for food biofortification due to its health effects and its neutral taste. The aim of the work was the evaluation of the quality of pasta produced using whole-meal flours of two ancient Sicilian landraces (Senatore Cappelli-CAP and Timilia—TIM) fortified with two types of inulin (long-chain topinambur inulin IT and low-chain chicory inulin IC), at two different levels of substitution (2 and 4%) to evaluate its possible effect on α-amylase inhibition. The color indices L* and a* were mainly influenced by cultivars, while IT improved the sensory attributes, mainly the elasticity sensation, and influenced less the other sensory attributes: adhesiveness, color, odor, taste, and Over Quality Score for both landraces. The cooking quality was linked mainly to the landrace used, due to the very different gluten matrix of CAP and TIM. IC and IT showed promising α-Amy inhibitory activity with comparable IC50 values of 0.45 ± 0.04 and 0.50 ± 0.06 mg/mL. The enrichment of spaghetti with inulin with an inhibitory effect on α-amylase determined the hypoglycemic properties of pasta, thus lowering the corresponding IC50 value.
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