1
|
Galkin M, Priss A, Kyriukha Y, Shvadchak V. Navigating α-Synuclein Aggregation Inhibition: Methods, Mechanisms, and Molecular Targets. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300282. [PMID: 37919046 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a yet incurable, age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the aggregation of small neuronal protein α-synuclein into amyloid fibrils. Inhibition of this process is a prospective strategy for developing a disease-modifying treatment. We overview here small molecule, peptide, and protein inhibitors of α-synuclein fibrillization reported to date. Special attention was paid to the specificity of inhibitors and critical analysis of their action mechanisms. Namely, the importance of oxidation of polyphenols and cross-linking of α-synuclein into inhibitory dimers was highlighted. We also compared strategies of targeting monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar α-synuclein species, thoroughly discussed the strong and weak sides of different approaches to testing the inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Galkin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anastasiia Priss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yevhenii Kyriukha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Volodymyr Shvadchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bui TTT, Mac DH, Quang Trung P, Pham CT. Crystal structure of 4-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-6-phenyl-1,2-di-hydro-pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:1076-1078. [PMID: 37936842 PMCID: PMC10626956 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023009180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and crystal structure of the title compound, C22H14N2O, are described. The title compound was synthesized by a three-component one-pot reaction in DMSO involving chalcone, cyano-acetamide and elemental sulfur as catalyst. The compound was characterized by spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure consists of inversion-related dimers produced by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, which further inter-act through π-π contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thai Thanh Thu Bui
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Hung Mac
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Quang Trung
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chien Thang Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen BN, Tran MH, Bui TTT, Mac DH, Pham VP, Retailleau P, Nguyen TB. Sulfur-Promoted Oxidative Condensation of Chalcones with Unsubstituted Cyanoacetamide in DMSO: Access to 3-Cyanopyrid-2-ones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37470501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur and DABCO were found to be an excellent combination to promote a one-pot cascade of condensation-oxidative cyclization of chalcones and unsubstituted cyanoacetamide in DMSO to provide 3-cyanopyrid-2-ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bich Ngoc Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Hieu Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thai Thanh Thu Bui
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dinh Hung Mac
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Phong Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, Av de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, Av de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Development of Small Molecules Targeting α-Synuclein Aggregation: A Promising Strategy to Treat Parkinson’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030839. [PMID: 36986700 PMCID: PMC10059018 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, is characterized by the accumulation of protein deposits in the dopaminergic neurons. These deposits are primarily composed of aggregated forms of α-Synuclein (α-Syn). Despite the extensive research on this disease, only symptomatic treatments are currently available. However, in recent years, several compounds, mainly of an aromatic character, targeting α-Syn self-assembly and amyloid formation have been identified. These compounds, discovered by different approaches, are chemically diverse and exhibit a plethora of mechanisms of action. This work aims to provide a historical overview of the physiopathology and molecular aspects associated with Parkinson’s disease and the current trends in small compound development to target α-Syn aggregation. Although these molecules are still under development, they constitute an important step toward discovering effective anti-aggregational therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
De Luca L, Vittorio S, Peña-Díaz S, Pitasi G, Fornt-Suñé M, Bucolo F, Ventura S, Gitto R. Ligand-Based Discovery of a Small Molecule as Inhibitor of α-Synuclein Amyloid Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314844. [PMID: 36499173 PMCID: PMC9738895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates are implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD), so inhibitors of α-Syn aggregation have been intensively explored. It has been demonstrated that small molecules might be able to reduce α-Syn aggregation in fibrils, thus exerting neuroprotective effects in models of PD. To expand our knowledge about the structural requirements for blocking the recognition process into the oligomeric assembly of α-Syn aggregates, we performed a ligand-based virtual screening procedure using two well-known α-Syn aggregation inhibitors, SynuClean-D and ZPD-2, as query compounds. A collection of thirty-four compounds bearing distinct chemical functionalities and mutual chemical features were studied in a Th-T fluorescence test, thus identifying 5-(2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1-methyl-1H-tetrazole (named MeSC-04) as a potent α-Syn amyloid formation inhibitor that demonstrated similar behavior when compared to SynuClean-D in the thioflavin-T-monitored kinetic assays, with both molecules reducing the number and size of amyloid fibrils, as evidenced by electron microscopy. Molecular modeling studies suggested the binding mode of MeSC-04 through the identification of putative druggable pockets on α-syn fibrils and a subsequent consensus docking methodology. Overall, this work could furnish new insights in the development of α-Syn amyloid inhibitors from synthetic sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Vittorio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Samuel Peña-Díaz
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Giovanna Pitasi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marc Fornt-Suñé
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Federica Bucolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Proteinopathies: Deciphering Physiology and Mechanisms to Develop Effective Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7513-7540. [PMID: 36205914 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a cluster of diseases marked by progressive neuronal loss, axonal transport blockage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and aggregation of misfolded proteins. NDs are more prevalent beyond the age of 50, and their symptoms often include motor and cognitive impairment. Even though various proteins are involved in different NDs, the mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation are very similar. Recently, several studies have discovered that, like prions, these misfolded proteins have the inherent capability of translocation from one neuron to another, thus having far-reaching implications for understanding the processes involved in the onset and progression of NDs, as well as the development of innovative therapy and diagnostic options. These misfolded proteins can also influence the transcription of other proteins and form aggregates, tangles, plaques, and inclusion bodies, which then accumulate in the CNS, leading to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. This review demonstrates protein misfolding and aggregation in NDs, and similarities and differences between different protein aggregates have been discussed. Furthermore, we have also reviewed the disposal of protein aggregates, the various molecular machinery involved in the process, their regulation, and how these molecular mechanisms are targeted to build innovative therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. In addition, the landscape of various therapeutic interventions for targeting protein aggregation for the effective prevention or treatment of NDs has also been discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Facile synthesis of 6-organyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2(1 H)-ones and their polyfluoroalkyl-containing analogs. Russ Chem Bull 2022; 71:1687-1700. [PMID: 36185466 PMCID: PMC9510450 DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The three-component cyclization of 3-polyfluoroalkyl-3-oxopropanoates and methyl ketones with ammonium acetate affords 6-organyl-4-(polyfluoroalkyl)pyridin-2(1H)-ones (organyl is alkyl, aryl, or hetaryl). The synthesized pyridones were evaluated for antifungal, antibacterial, and analgesic activity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sorokin SP, Fedoseev SV, Ershov OV. Effect of a Substituent in the Fourth Position on the Optical Properties of 2-Oxonicotinonitriles. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022; 92:2500-2506. [PMCID: PMC9746578 DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on six representatives of 2-oxonicotinonitriles, the effect of the nature of the substituent in the fourth position of the pyridine system on the photophysical characteristics was studied. The role of the donor/acceptor nature of the substituent and the solvent nature in the absorbing and fluorescent properties of the compounds was shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Sorokin
- I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia
| | - S. V. Fedoseev
- I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia
| | - O. V. Ershov
- I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia
| |
Collapse
|