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Agarwal U, Verma S, Tonk RK. Chromenone: An emerging scaffold in anti-Alzheimer drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 111:129912. [PMID: 39089526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a growing global health concern. In recent decades, natural and synthetic chromenone have emerged as promising drug candidates due to their multi-target potential. Natural chromenone, quercetin, scopoletin, esculetin, coumestrol, umbelliferone, bergapten, and methoxsalen (xanthotoxin), and synthetic chromenone hybrids comprising structures like acridine, 4-aminophenyl, 3-arylcoumarins, quinoline, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, and tacrine, have been explored for their potential to combat AD. Key reactions used for synthesis of chromenone hybrids include Perkin and Pechmann condensation. The activity of chromenone hybrids has been reported against several drug targets, including AChE, BuChE, BACE-1, and MAO-A/B. This review comprehensively explores natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic chromenone, elucidating their synthetic routes, possible mode of action/drug targets and structure-activity relationships (SAR). The acquired knowledge provides valuable insights for the development of new chromenone hybrids against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Saroj Verma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram 122103, India.
| | - Rajiv K Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, Delhi 110017, India.
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Zhao X, Du C, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Xu J, Yin X, Hu C, Mao Z, Lin Y. Discovery of novel chrysin derivatives as potential Anti-Psoriasis agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107599. [PMID: 38955004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease and is difficult to cure. In this work, a series of novel chrysin derivatives have been designed and prepared while evaluating anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, RAW264.7 cells were used to detect the inflammatory activities at first, and compounds 4h, 4k, and 4o significantly decreased the levels of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6. In particular, compound 4o showed superior anti-inflammatory activities than other compounds. Moreover, compound 4o decreased the level of IL-17A in LPS-induced HaCaT cells in vitro. The effect and mechanism of anti-inflammatory activities on psoriasis were determined by imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mice in vivo. Compound 4o deduced the level of IL-6, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, and TNF-α, and showed potent anti-psoriasis activity. Further mechanism study suggested that compound 4o could improve the skin inflammation of psoriasis by inhibiting the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Chenghong Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yongcheng Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jiacai Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xunqing Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Zewei Mao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Yuping Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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Carreiro EP, Costa AR, Antunes CM, Ernesto S, Pinto F, Rodrigues B, Burke AJ. Quercetin-1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids as Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer's Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:7495. [PMID: 38005217 PMCID: PMC10673615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise and, despite the efforts of researchers, there are still no effective treatments for this multifaceted disease. The main objective of this work was the search for multifunctional and more effective anti-Alzheimer agents. Herein, we report the evaluation of a library of quercetin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids (I-IV) in antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress protection, and cholinesterases (AChE and BuChE) inhibitory activities. Hybrids IIf and IVa-d showed potent in vitro inhibitory activity on eqBuChE (IC50 values between 11.2 and 65.7 μM). Hybrid IIf, the best inhibitor, was stronger than galantamine, displaying an IC50 value of 11.2 μM for eqBuChE, and is also a competitive inhibitor. Moreover, toxicity evaluation for the most promising hybrids was performed using the Artemia salina toxicity assay, showing low toxicity. Hybrids IIf, IVb, and IVd did not affect viability at 12.5 μM and also displayed a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in cell damage in MCF-7 cells. Hybrids IIf, IVb, and IVd act as multifunctional ligands in AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete P. Carreiro
- Institute for Research and Advanced Training (IIFA), LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Costa
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Institute of Research and Advanced Training, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- Academic Clinical Center of Alentejo, C-TRAIL, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Célia M. Antunes
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Institute of Research and Advanced Training, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- Academic Clinical Center of Alentejo, C-TRAIL, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ernesto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technologies, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Flávia Pinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technologies, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technologies, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Anthony J. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technologies, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- Faculty Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazolyl-Substituted Derivatives of the Alkaloids Sinomenine and Tetrahydrothebaine on Ring A and Their Analgesic Activity. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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