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Li Y, Liao J, Xiong L, Xiao Z, Ye F, Wang Y, Chen T, Huang L, Chen M, Chen ZS, Wang T, Zhang C, Lu Y. Stepwise targeted strategies for improving neurological function by inhibiting oxidative stress levels and inflammation following ischemic stroke. J Control Release 2024; 368:607-622. [PMID: 38423472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation accompanied by ischemic injury symptoms and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. This causes neuronal damage, for which no effective treatments or drugs exist. Herein, we provided a stepwise targeted drug delivery strategy and successfully prepared multifunctional ORD@SHp@ANG nanoparticles (NPs) that consist of a stroke homing peptide (DSPE-PEG2000-SHp), BBB-targeting peptide (DSPE-PEG2000-ANG), and ROS-responsive Danshensu (salvianic acid A) chain self-assembly. ORD@SHp@ANG NPs effectively crossed the BBB by ANG peptide and selectively targeted the ischemic brain sites using stroke-homing peptide. The results showed that ORD@SHp@ANG NPs can effective at scavenging ROS, and protect SH-SY5Y cells from oxidative damage in vitro. Furthermore, ORD@SHp@ANG NPs showed excellent biocompatibility. These NPs recognized brain endothelial cells and crossed the BBB, regulated the transformation of microglia into the anti-inflammatory phenotype, and inhibited the production of inflammatory factors in a rat ischemia-reperfusion model, thereby reducing cerebral infarction, neuronal apoptosis and preserving BBB integrity. Sequencing revealed that ORD@SHp@ANG NPs promote cell proliferation, activate immune responses, suppress inflammatory responses, and ameliorate ischemic stroke. In conclusion, this study reports a simple and promising drug delivery strategy for managing ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, or Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, or Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liyan Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, or Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, or Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, or Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, or Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, or Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Linzhang Huang
- Institute of Metabolic and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York 11439, USA.
| | - Tingfang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, or Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, or Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Fan G, Liu M, Liu J, Huang Y, Mu W. Traditional Chinese medicines treat ischemic stroke and their main bioactive constituents and mechanisms. Phytother Res 2024; 38:411-453. [PMID: 38051175 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) remains one of the leading causes of death and disability in humans. Unfortunately, none of the treatments effectively provide functional benefits to patients with IS, although many do so by targeting different aspects of the ischemic cascade response. The advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in preventing and treating IS are obvious in terms of early treatment and global coordination. The efficacy of TCM and its bioactive constituents has been scientifically proven over the past decades. Based on clinical trials, this article provides a review of commonly used TCM patent medicines and herbal decoctions indicated for IS. In addition, this paper also reviews the mechanisms of bioactive constituents in TCM for the treatment of IS in recent years, both domestically and internationally. A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies will hopefully provide new ideas to address the threat of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhao Fan
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Tran VH, Luu TG, Nguyen AT, Kim HK. Direct transformation of benzyl esters into esters, amides, and anhydrides using catalytic ferric(III) chloride under mild conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8494-8499. [PMID: 37861427 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01443f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A facile one-pot transformation of benzyl esters into esters, amides, and anhydrides is described. α,α-Dichlorodiphenylmethane and FeCl3 were employed as the chlorinating agent and catalyst respectively to convert benzyl esters into acid chloride intermediates, which directly reacted with alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acids. Various esters, amides, and anhydrides were readily obtained with high yields under mild conditions. This method is promising for the practical synthesis of esters, amides, and anhydrides from benzyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hieu Tran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Truong Giang Luu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Anh Thu Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
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Feng X, Ge J, Fu H, Miao L, Zhao F, Wang J, Sun Y, Li Y, Li Y. Discovery of small molecule β-catenin suppressors that enhance immunotherapy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106754. [PMID: 37536216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules directly downregulating β-catenin could potentially offer a more effective therapeutic approach for combating against cancer stem cells, as compared to targeting the downstream components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The challenge, however, lies in the fact that very few β-catenin suppressors have proven clinically effective, leaving a significant gap in medical solutions. Given that E-cadherin has a natural affinity for β-catenin, it stands to reason that agents designed to increase E-cadherin expression might provide an alternative method of regulating β-catenin levels. In this study, we report our discovery of DSS-C12 and DSS-B8, specific ester-based drugs derived from Dan-Shen-Su (DSS) extracted from the herb Salvia miltiorrhiza. Remarkably, these compounds display a potent ability to downregulate β-catenin, while also improving overall survival in post-surgery mice. Additionally, when these drugs are used in combination with PD-L1 checkpoint blockade, they stimulate enhanced systemic immune responses leading to significant suppression of primary tumor growth. In-depth mechanistic studies revealed that DSS-B8 functions as a vitamin D receptor agonist without inducing hypercalcemic effects. Collectively, our findings indicate that DSS-derived small molecules have considerable potential as clinically viable therapeutic strategies for β-catenin deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Feng
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jun Ge
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Fu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yingpeng Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yunfei Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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