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Lathwal E, Kumar S, Sharma V, Sharma A, Choudhury T, Mistry T, Nasare VD. Design and Synthesis of Propargyloxy Functionalized Pyrazole-Based Aurones: Exploring Their Potent Anticancer Properties Against AGS and MCF-7 Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202402186. [PMID: 39641371 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202402186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
FDA-approved numerous commercial and natural drugs used in cancer treatment feature either pyrazole or alkyne moieties. On the basis of this, we designed and synthesized 20 novel propargyloxy-substituted pyrazole-based aurones (10a-j and 11a-j) and evaluated for their anticancer potential against cancerous MCF-7 and human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell lines, as well as normal cell line human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293), through MTT assay. Among these tested compounds, five (10d-f, 11e, and 11f) displayed potent cytotoxic properties for AGS cancer cell line with IC50 values ranging from 19.7 to 28.5 µM, better than the reference drugs leucovorin (IC50 = 30.8 µM) and oxaliplatin (IC50 = 29.8 µM). Furthermore, compounds 10b, 10c, 11a, 11c, and 11d demonstrated a significant cytotoxic potential against the MCF-7 cancer cell line with a single-digit micromolar IC50 potency (4.8-8.5 µM) compared to the standard drug paclitaxel (IC50 = 19.7 µM). The cytotoxic studies of above selected potent active hybrid compounds, against HEK-293, normal cell line, further highlight the potential use of 10c molecule (IC50 = 4.8 µM against MCF-7 cells) as an anticancer agent for breast cancer with a selectivity index of 2.597. The cytotoxic results were further supported by the molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
- Department of Chemistry, Pt. Chiranji Lal Sharma Government College, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
- Department of Chemistry, Pt. Chiranji Lal Sharma Government College, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Arpana Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Trisha Choudhury
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanuma Mistry
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Vilas D Nasare
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Vashisth C, Raghav N. Preferential inhibition of α-amylase by cinnamaldehyde-based hydrazones: A comparative study. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136654. [PMID: 39423966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
The escalating issue of obesity and related health conditions, including diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease, necessitates the development of digestive enzyme inhibitors. Targeting pancreatic lipase to inhibit fatty acid generation to attain reduced lipid absorption is a promising approach for identifying effective agents. Orlistat, the only clinically approved pancreatic lipase inhibitor, is associated with gastrointestinal side effects like oily stools, spotting, and flatulence. Concurrently, α-amylase inhibitors can mitigate rapid spikes in blood sugar levels. With the growing significance of natural products in pharmaceutical research, cinnamaldehyde has been recognized as a potential enzyme inhibitor. This study explores the effects of cinnamaldehyde-derived hydrazone Schiff bases on lipase and α-amylase through in vitro experiments. The synthesized compounds exhibited IC50 value for lipase in the same range ((0.41-12.58) × 10-8 M) as exhibited by the commercial drug orlistat (5.76 × 10-8 M). However, for α-amylase inhibition, the compounds (IC50 value = 0.37-9.54 × 10-9 M) were found effective inhibitors of acarbose (IC50 value = 6.76 × 10-6 M) and curcumin (IC50 value = 467 × 10-9 M). In silico DFT studies, molecular docking, drug likeliness, bioactivity score, ADME, and toxicity are also investigated for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Vashisth
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India.
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Kumar G, Saroha B, Kumar S, Kumari B, Arya P, Raghav N, Ghosh S, Nassare VD. 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Based New Aurones as Anticancer Agents with the Capability to Target Extracellular Digestive Enzymes. ChemistrySelect 2024; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202403885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
AbstractThis study involves the synthesis of a series of dimethyl substituted novel aurones, featuring 1,2,3‐triazole as an integral structure. All the newly synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized using various spectroscopic tools and also subjected to computational analysis utilizing the DFT/B3LYP methodology, which involved the determination of frontier molecular orbital energy values and the computation of various quantum chemical parameters. Further their impact on cell viability and cytotoxic activity on the adenocarcinoma gastric cell line (AGS) was investigated using cell‐based MTT assay. Compounds 6d, 6o and 6p displayed significant cytotoxic activity, reducing cell viability to a greater extent with IC50 values of 9.74, 20.09, and 5.92 µM, respectively and even better than the standard chemotherapeutic drug leucovorin (IC50 = 30.8 µM). In addition, all the compounds were also screened for their extracellular enzymatic assay and through in vitro results compound 6n emerged as the efficient inhibitor of amylase (% inhibition = 51.92) and trypsin (% inhibition = 68.36), whereas an activation is observed for lipase (% activation = 269.48). In silico molecular docking was also conducted to assess the interactions between proteins and ligands, revealing the binding patterns of the synthesized compounds and the standard drug with receptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana 136119 India
- Biomedical Engineering Department Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon 97201 USA
| | - Bhavna Saroha
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana 136119 India
- Department of Chemistry Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal Sonipat 131039 India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana 136119 India
| | - Bavita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana 136119 India
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Priyanka Arya
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana 136119 India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana 136119 India
| | - Sushmita Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road Kolkata 700026 India
| | - Vilas D. Nassare
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road Kolkata 700026 India
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Kaur P, Raghav N, Berar U. Chalcones as potential pepsin inhibitors: Synthesis, characterization, DFT and molecular docking studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:137009. [PMID: 39476922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
Pepsin, a unique protease activity at acidic environment in the stomach, can cause chronic inflammation in surrounding tissues after becoming hyperactive lead to enlarged tonsils, vocal fold polyps, laryngopharyngeal cancers, and other diseases. Therefore, design and development of new effective pepsin inhibitors becomes significant. In the present work, we synthesized, and characterized thiophene-based chalcones as anti-pepsin agents. The synthesized chalcones exhibited significantly better pepsin inhibition than commercially available drugs omeprazole and pantoprazole. The in-vitro screening revealed that the synthesized compounds exhibited pepsin inhibition in the range of 53.19-91.14 % at 3 × 10-8 M concentration showing promising results controlling elevated pepsin levels. Compound 3p was found the best inhibitor with an IC50 value 1.02 × 10-9 M. Molecular docking studies executed show the decrease in energy of interaction between pepsin and the synthesized compounds 3(a-t) varies from -69.104 to -83.124 kcal/mol and the highest decreased interaction energy with compound 3p. DFT analyses were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the structural parameters. Energy minimization and quantum chemical parameters computed using Avagadro and ORCA software indicated ΔE values in the range 9.593-10.246 eV as per DFT calculations. The results obtained from the in vitro studies were supported with in silico studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjot Kaur
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India.
| | - Urmila Berar
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India.
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Lathwal E, Kumar S, Sahoo PK, Ghosh S, Mahata S, Nasare VD, Kapavarapu R, Kumar S. Pyrazole-based and N,N-diethylcarbamate functionalized some novel aurone analogs: Design, synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation, docking and SAR studies, against AGS cancer cell line. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26843. [PMID: 38463825 PMCID: PMC10920165 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study involves the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of thirty-three, pyrazole-based and N,N-diethylcarbamate functionalized, novel aurone analogs, against AGS cancer cell line. These novel aurone analogs are obtained from the reaction of pyrazole-based 6-hydroxyaurones with diethyl carbamoyl chloride using mild basic reagent. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated against a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) and disclosed some potential outcomes as several analogs were found to have cytotoxicity better than the reference drugs Oxaliplatin and Leucovorin. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study further unveiled the critical role of replacing the hydroxyl group in ring A with a carbamoyl group for cytotoxic activity. Among these aurone analogs, 8e and 8f, with IC50 values of 6.5 ± 0.024 μM and 6.6 ± 0.035 μM, respectively, are identified as the most active compounds. Molecular docking studies were conducted against HER2, a human epidermal growth factor involved in gastric and ovarian cancer, to investigate the binding interactions between the compounds and the protein HER2, where7e and 8e exhibited maximum interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
- Govt. College, Tigaon, Faridabad, 121101, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
- PGT Chemistry, KendriyaVidyalaya Kokrajhar, Assam, 783370, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Sushmita Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Sutapa Mahata
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Vilas D. Nasare
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Ravikumar Kapavarapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Atmakur, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
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Thi Vo CV, Thanh Nguyen T, Ngoc Dang T, Quoc Dao M, Thao Vo V, Thi Tran O, Thanh Vu L, Tran TD. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of alkoxyaurones as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 98:129574. [PMID: 38052378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Aurones are a minor subgroup of flavonoids. Unlike other subgroups such as chalcones, flavones, and isoflavones, aurones have not been extensively explored as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. In this work, we studied the pancreatic lipase inhibitory potency of synthetic aurone derivatives. Thirty-six compounds belonging to four series (4,6-dihydroxyaurone, 6-hydroxyaurone, 4,6-dialkoxyaurone, and 6-alkoxyaurone) were designed and synthesized. Their in vitro inhibitory activities were determined by spectrophotometric assay in comparison with quercetin and orlistat. Alkoxyaurone derivatives with long-chain (6-10 carbons) alkoxy substituents showed greater potency. Of them, 4,6-dialkoxyaurone 8 displayed the highest activity against pancreatic lipase (IC50 of 1.945 ± 0.520 µM) relative to quercetin (IC50 of 86.98 ± 3.859 µM) and orlistat (IC50 of 0.0334 ± 0.0015 µM). Fluorescence quenching measurement confirmed the affinity of alkoxyaurone derivatives to pancreatic lipase. Kinetic study showed that 8 inhibited lipase through a competitive mechanism (Ki of 1.288 ± 0.282 µM). Molecular docking results clarified the role of long-chain substituents on ring A in interacting with the hydrophobic pockets and pushing the inhibitor molecule closer to the catalytic triad. The findings in this study may contribute to the development of better pancreatic lipase inhibitors with aurone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam-Van Thi Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Trang Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Thien Ngoc Dang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Manh Quoc Dao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Vy Thao Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Oanh Thi Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Loc Thanh Vu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Dao Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
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