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Cui M, Tang Z, Ahmad Z, Pan C, Lu Y, Ali K, Huang S, Lin X, Wahab A, Iqbal MZ, Kong X. Facile synthesis of manganese-hafnium nanocomposites for multimodal MRI/CT imaging and in vitro photodynamic therapy of colon cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 237:113834. [PMID: 38479259 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Precise diagnosis of complex and soft tumors is challenging, which limits appropriate treatment options to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. However, multifunctional nano-sized contrast enhancement agents based on nanoparticles improve the diagnosis accuracy of various diseases such as cancer. Herein, a facile manganese-hafnium nanocomposites (Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs) system was designed for bimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/computed tomography (CT) contrast enhancement with a complimentary function of photodynamic therapy. The solvothermal method was used to fabricate NCs, and the average size of Mn3O4 NPs and Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs was about 7 nm and 15 nm, respectively, as estimated by TEM. Dynamic light scattering results showed good dispersion and high negative (-33 eV) zeta potential, indicating excellent stability in an aqueous medium. Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs revealed negligible toxic effects on the NCTC clone 929 (L929) and mouse colon cancer cell line (CT26), demonstrating promising biocompatibility. The synthesized Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs exhibit significant enhancement in T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray computed tomography (CT), indicating the appropriateness for dual-modal MRI/CT molecular imaging probes. Moreover, ultra-small Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs show good relaxivities for MRI/CT. These nanoprobes Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs further possessed outstanding reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability under minute ultraviolet light (6 mW·cm-2) to ablate the colon cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, the designed multifunctional Mn3O4-HfO2 NCs were ideal candidates for cancer diagnosis and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Cui
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics and Fibers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chunshu Pan
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315192, China
| | - Yuguang Lu
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kamran Ali
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqi Huang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - M Zubair Iqbal
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Mechanisms of bone pain: Progress in research from bench to bedside. Bone Res 2022; 10:44. [PMID: 35668080 PMCID: PMC9170780 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe field of research on pain originating from various bone diseases is expanding rapidly, with new mechanisms and targets asserting both peripheral and central sites of action. The scope of research is broadening from bone biology to neuroscience, neuroendocrinology, and immunology. In particular, the roles of primary sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells in the peripheral tissues as important targets for bone pain treatment are under extensive investigation in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. An understanding of the peripheral mechanisms underlying pain conditions associated with various bone diseases will aid in the appropriate application and development of optimal strategies for not only managing bone pain symptoms but also improving bone repairing and remodeling, which potentially cures the underlying etiology for long-term functional recovery. In this review, we focus on advances in important preclinical studies of significant bone pain conditions in the past 5 years that indicated new peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal mechanisms, novel targets for potential clinical interventions, and future directions of research.
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Wu P, Zhu Y, Liu S, Xiong H. Modular Design of High-Brightness pH-Activatable Near-Infrared BODIPY Probes for Noninvasive Fluorescence Detection of Deep-Seated Early Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: Remarkable Axial Substituent Effect on Performance. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:2039-2048. [PMID: 34963896 PMCID: PMC8704040 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a series of high-brightness pH-activatable near-infrared (NIR) BODIPY probes for high-contrast intravital imaging of deep-seated early breast cancer bone metastasis by harnessing the axial substituent effect. These probes exhibit tunable pK a, higher brightness, and antiquenching capabilities in aqueous solution, which can be simultaneously adjusted by axial steric substituents. The optimized probe BODO-3 bearing axial dimethyl substituents exhibited a higher pK a value of 5.6 and a brighter NIR fluorescence under tumor acidic pH, showing 10.3-fold and 6.5-fold enhanced brightness (εΦ) at pH 5.5 and 6.5, respectively. Due to the higher brightness, BODO-3 with a brilliant NIR emission at 700 nm allows for deep optical penetrations of 5 and 8 mm at pH 6.5 and 4.5, respectively. Meanwhile, covalent functionalization with glucose (BODO-3-Glu) could further enhance breast cancer and its soft tissue metastasis imaging in vivo. Notably, covalent functionalization with bisphosphonate (BODO-3-PO 3 H 2 ) allowed the successful targeting and visualization of deep-seated bone metastases of breast cancer with a high tumor to normal contrast of 8/1, outperforming X-rays in early detection. This strategy may provide insights for designing high-brightness activatable NIR probes for detecting deep-seated tumors and metastases.
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Transmission Electron Microscopy as a Powerful Tool to Investigate the Interaction of Nanoparticles with Subcellular Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312789. [PMID: 34884592 PMCID: PMC8657944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedical research necessarily involves the study of the interactions between nanoparticulates and the biological environment. Transmission electron microscopy has proven to be a powerful tool in providing information about nanoparticle uptake, biodistribution and relationships with cell and tissue components, thanks to its high resolution. This article aims to overview the transmission electron microscopy techniques used to explore the impact of nanoconstructs on biological systems, highlighting the functional value of ultrastructural morphology, histochemistry and microanalysis as well as their fundamental contribution to the advancement of nanomedicine.
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Recent advances in the targeted fluorescent probes for the detection of metastatic bone cancer. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-9990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gao X, Li L, Cai X, Huang Q, Xiao J, Cheng Y. Targeting nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of bone tumors: Opportunities and challenges. Biomaterials 2020; 265:120404. [PMID: 32987273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A variety of targeted nanoparticles were developed for the diagnosis and therapy of orthotopic and metastatic bone tumors during the past decade. This critical review will focus on principles and methods in the design of these bone-targeted nanoparticles. Ligands including bisphosphonates, aspartic acid-rich peptides and synthetic polymers were grafted on nanoparticles such as PLGA nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers and inorganic nanoparticles for bone targeting. Besides, other ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides and aptamers targeting biomarkers on tumor/bone cells were identified for targeted diagnosis and therapy. Examples of targeted nanoparticles for the early detection of bone metastatic tumors and the ablation of cancer via chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, gene therapy and combination therapy will be intensively reviewed. The development of multifunctional nanoparticles to break down the "vicious" cycle between tumor cell proliferation and bone resorption, and the challenges and perspectives in this area will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Lin Li
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiaopan Cai
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Quan Huang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, 200241, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Nguyen MP, Thuy VTT, Kim D. Integration of iron oxide nanoparticles and polyaspartamide biopolymer for MRI image contrast enhancement and an efficient drug-delivery system in cancer therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:335712. [PMID: 32357358 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8f49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We integrate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with polyaspartamide (PA) biopolymer to form a biological construct that functions as a tracking, targeting and drug-delivery system for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Iron oxide nanoparticles with uniformly distributed average spherical diameters of around 10 nm and superparamagnetic characteristics play a key role in increasing the transverse 1/T 2 relaxation rate or darkening the T 2-weighted MR image for cancer diagnosis using MRI. In in vitro MRI testing on cancer cells, the MR images of samples with the bio-constructshow a much clearer contrast effect than those of controls. The PA biopolymer plays an essential role in enhancing the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the bio-construct. In addition, as a multifunctional polymer, PA is conjugated with biotin and doxorubicin (Dox) functional groups to enhance targeting and impairment of cancer cells. In in vivo testing on cancer tumors, injection with the bio-construct decreased the magnitude of cancer tumor volume growth by three times compared with that of uninjected controls. The physicochemical characteristics of the bio-construct and the roles of biotin and Dox functional groups are examined and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Phuong Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
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Carton F, Repellin M, Lollo G, Malatesta M. Alcian blue staining to track the intracellular fate of hyaluronic-acid-based nanoparticles at transmission electron microscopy. Eur J Histochem 2019; 63. [PMID: 31833331 PMCID: PMC6927094 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2019.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main step in the assessment of nanomaterial safety and suitability for biomedical use is the location and the dynamic tracking of nanoparticles (NPs) inside cells or tissues. To precisely investigate the uptake mechanisms and intracellular fate of NPs, transmission electron microscopy is the technique of choice; however, the detection of NPs may sometimes be problematic. In fact, while NPs containing strongly electron dense (e.g. metal) components do not require specific detection methods at the ultrastructural level, organic NPs are hardly detectable in the intracellular environment due to their intrinsic moderate electron density. In this study, the critical-electrolyte-concentration Alcian Blue method set up by Schofield et al. in 1975 was applied to track hyaluronic-acidbased NPs in muscle cells in vitro. This long-established histochemical method proved to be a powerful tool allowing to identify not only whole NPs while entering cells and moving into the cytoplasm, but also their remnants following lysosomal degradation and extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Carton
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona.
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Fernandes RS, de Aguiar Ferreira C, Soares DCF, Maffione AM, Townsend DM, Rubello D, de Barros ALB. The role of radionuclide probes for monitoring anti-tumor drugs efficacy: A brief review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:469-476. [PMID: 28865367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the development of new therapeutic agents and diagnostic imaging modalities, cancer is still one of the main causes of death worldwide. A better understanding of the molecular signature of cancer has promoted the development of a new generation of anti-cancer drugs and diagnostic agents that specifically target molecular components such as genes, ligands, receptors and signaling pathways. However, intrinsic heterogeneity of tumors has hampered the overall success of target therapies even among patients with similar tumor types but unpredictable different responses to therapy. In this sense, post-treatment response monitoring becomes indispensable and nuclear medicine imaging modalities could provide the tools for an early indication of therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we briefly discuss the current role of PET and SPECT imaging in monitoring cancer therapy together with an update on the current radiolabeled probes that are currently investigated for tumor therapy response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Salgado Fernandes
- Laboratório de radioisótopos, Departamento de análises Clinicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Cristian Ferreira Soares
- Laboratório de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Margherita Maffione
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Medical Physics and Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Medical Physics and Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Laboratório de radioisótopos, Departamento de análises Clinicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Xiong H, Zuo H, Yan Y, Occhialini G, Zhou K, Wan Y, Siegwart DJ. High-Contrast Fluorescence Detection of Metastatic Breast Cancer Including Bone and Liver Micrometastases via Size-Controlled pH-Activatable Water-Soluble Probes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700131. [PMID: 28563903 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Early detection would save many lives, but current fluorescence imaging probes are limited in their detection ability, particularly of bone and liver micrometastases. Herein, probes that are capable of imaging tiny (<1 mm) micrometastases in the liver, lung, pancreas, kidneys, and bone, that have disseminated from the primary site, are reported. The influence of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain length on the performance of water-soluble, pH-responsive, near-infrared 4,4'-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) probes is systematically investigated to demonstrate that PEG tuning can provide control over micrometastasis tracking with high tumor-to-background contrast (up to 12/1). Optimized probes can effectively visualize tumor boundaries and successfully detect micrometastases with diameters <1 mm. The bone-metastasis-targeting ability of these probes is further enhanced by covalent functionalization with bisphosphonate. This improved detection of both bone and liver micrometastases (<2 mm) with excellent tumor-to-normal contrast (5.2/1). A versatile method is thus introduced to directly synthesize modular water-soluble probes with broad potential utility. Through a single intravenous injection, these materials can image micrometastases in multiple organs with spatiotemporal resolution. They thus hold promise for metastasis diagnosis, image-guided surgery, and theranostic PEGylated drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xiong
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Gino Occhialini
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kejin Zhou
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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Lee CH, Shih YL, Lee MH, Au MK, Chen YL, Lu HF, Chung JG. Bufalin Induces Apoptosis of Human Osteosarcoma U-2 OS Cells through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Caspase- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030437. [PMID: 28287444 PMCID: PMC6155407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer is one of the cancer-related diseases, and there are increased numbers of patients with bone cancer worldwide. Therefore the efficacy of treatment of bone cancer is considered extremely vital. Bufalin has been showed to have biological activities including anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact associated mechanisms for bufalin induced apoptosis in human bone cancer cells are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of bufalin on the cytotoxic effects in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. For examining apoptotic cell deaths, we used flow cytometry assay, Annexin V/PI double staining, and TUNNEL assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and caspase-8, -9 and -3 activities were measured by flow cytometry assay. Furthermore, western blotting and a confocal laser microscopy examination were used for measuring the alterations of apoptotic associated protein expression and translocation, respectively. The results indicated that bufalin induced cell morphological changes, decreased the viable cell number, induced apoptotic cell death, and increased the apoptotic cell number, and affected apoptotic associated protein expression in U-2 OS cells. Bufalin increased apoptotic proteins such as Bak, and decreased anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-x in U-2 OS cells. Furthermore, bufalin increased the protein levels of cytochrome c (Cyto c), AIF (Apoptosis inducing factor) and Endo G (Endonuclease G) in cytoplasm that were also confirmed by confocal microscopy examination. Based on those findings, bufalin induced apoptotic cell death in U-2 OS cells may be via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caspase-, and mitochondria-dependent pathways; thus, we may suggest that bufalin could be used as an anti-cancer agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma in the future, and further in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsiao Lee
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli Country 356, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hui Lee
- Department of Genetic Counseling Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Man-Kuan Au
- Department of Orthopedics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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Malatesta M. Transmission electron microscopy for nanomedicine: novel applications for long-established techniques. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2751. [PMID: 28076938 PMCID: PMC5178805 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last twenty years, the research in nanoscience and nanotechnology has dramatically increased and, in the last decade, the interest has progressively been oriented towards biomedical applications, giving rise to a new field termed nanomedicine. Transmission electron microscopy is a valuable technique not only for the thorough physico-chemical characterization of newly synthesized nanoparticulates, but especially to explore the effects of nanocomposites on biological systems, providing essential information for the development of efficient therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Thus, for the progress of nanotechnology in the biomedical field, experts in cell biology, histochemistry and ultramicroscopy should always support the chemists, physicists and pharmacologists engaged in the synthesis and characterization of innovative nanoconstructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona.
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