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Chen D, Wang J, Cao J, Zhu G. cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and anxiety: Where do we go next? Cell Signal 2024; 122:111311. [PMID: 39059755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an intracellular second messenger that is derived from the conversion of adenosine triphosphate catalysed by adenylyl cyclase (AC). Protein kinase A (PKA), the main effector of cAMP, is a dimeric protein kinase consisting of two catalytic subunits and two regulatory subunits. When cAMP binds to the regulatory subunits of PKA, it leads to the dissociation and activation of PKA, which allows the catalytic subunit of PKA to phosphorylate target proteins, thereby regulating various physiological functions and metabolic processes in cellular function. Recent researches also implicate the involvement of cAMP-PKA signaling in the pathologenesis of anxiety disorder. However, there are still debates on the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders from this signaling pathway. To review the function of cAMP-PKA signaling in anxiety disorder, we searched the publications with the keywords including "cAMP", "PKA" and "Anxiety" from Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI databases. The results showed that the number of publications on cAMP-PKA pathway in anxiety disorder tended to increase. Bioinformatics results displayed a close association between the cAMP-PKA pathway and the occurrence of anxiety. Mechanistically, cAMP-PKA signaling could influence brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide Y and participate in the regulation of anxiety. cAMP-PKA signaling could also oppose the dysfunctions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), intestinal flora, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroinflammation, and signaling proteins (MAPK and AMPK) in anxiety. In addition, chemical agents with the ability to activate cAMP-PKA signaling demonstrated therapy potential against anxiety disorders. This review emphasizes the central roles of cAMP-PKA signaling in anxiety and the targets of the cAMP-PKA pathway would be potential candidates for treatment of anxiety. Nevertheless, more laboratory investigations to improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the adverse effect, and continuous clinical research will warrant the drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daokang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jingji Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Clinical Medical Research Center of Anhui Province, The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China.
| | - Jian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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Zhang YY, Xue RR, Yao M, Li ZY, Hu CW, Dai YX, Fang YD, Ding X, Xu JH, Cui XJ, Mo W. A systematic review and meta-analysis of chondroitinase ABC promotes functional recovery in rat models of spinal cord injury. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:917-933. [PMID: 37950873 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2278867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To comprehensively assess the neurologic recovery potential of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS The PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for animal experiments that evaluated the use of ChABC in the treatment of SCI up to November 2022. Studies reporting neurological function using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, as well as assessments of cavity area, lesion area, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels, were included in the analysis. RESULTS A total of 46 studies were ultimately selected for inclusion. The results of the study showed that rats with SCI that received ChABC therapy exhibited a significant improvement in locomotor function after 7 days compared with controls (32 studies, weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.58, [0.33, 0.83], p < 0.00001). Furthermore, the benefits of ChABC therapy were maintained for up to 28 days according to BBB scale. The lesion area was reduced by ChABC (5 studies, WMD = -20.94, [-28.42, -13.46], p < 0.00001). Meanwhile, GFAP levels were reduced in the ChABC treatment group (8 studies, WMD = -29.15, [-41.57, -16.72], p < 0.00001). Cavity area is not statistically significant. The subgroup analysis recommended that a single injection of 10 μL (8 studies, WMD = 2.82, [1.99, 3.65], p < 0.00001) or 20 U/mL (4 studies, WMD = 2.21, [0.73, 3.70], p = 0.003) had a better effect on improving the function. The funnel plot of the BBB scale was found to be essentially symmetrical, indicating a low risk of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis has indicated that ChABC could improve functional recovery in rats after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Rui Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Spine Disease Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Spine Disease Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Wei Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Spine Disease Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Spine Disease Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-de Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hai Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Spine Disease Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Mo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wang L, Li Y, Yang J, Wu Q, Liang S, Liu Z. Poly(Propylene Carbonate)-Based Biodegradable and Environment-Friendly Materials for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2938. [PMID: 38474185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) is an emerging "carbon fixation" polymer that holds the potential to become a "biomaterial of choice" in healthcare owing to its good biocompatibility, tunable biodegradability and safe degradation products. However, the commercialization and wide application of PPC as a biomedical material are still hindered by its narrow processing temperature range, poor mechanical properties and hydrophobic nature. Over recent decades, several physical, chemical and biological modifications of PPC have been achieved by introducing biocompatible polymers, inorganic ions or small molecules, which can endow PPC with better cytocompatibility and desirable biodegradability, and thus enable various applications. Indeed, a variety of PPC-based degradable materials have been used in medical applications including medical masks, surgical gowns, drug carriers, wound dressings, implants and scaffolds. In this review, the molecular structure, catalysts for synthesis, properties and modifications of PPC are discussed. Recent biomedical applications of PPC-based biomaterials are highlighted and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jingde Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Song Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhenning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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Yang Y, Fan R, Li H, Chen H, Gong H, Guo G. Polysaccharides as a promising platform for the treatment of spinal cord injury: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121672. [PMID: 38171685 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is incurable and often results in irreversible damage to motor function and autonomic sensory abilities. To enhance the effectiveness of therapeutic substances such as cells, growth factors, drugs, and nucleic acids for treating spinal cord injuries, as well as to reduce the toxic side effects of chemical reagents, polysaccharides have been gained attention due to their immunomodulatory properties and the biocompatibility and biodegradability of polysaccharide scaffolds. Polysaccharides hold potential as drug delivery systems in treating spinal cord injuries. This article aims to present an extensive evaluation of the potential applications of polysaccharide materials in scaffold construction, drug delivery, and immunomodulation over the past five years so that offering new directions and opportunities for the treatment of spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rangrang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanlin Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Kheirollahi A, Sadeghi S, Orandi S, Moayedi K, Khajeh K, Khoobi M, Golestani A. Chondroitinase as a therapeutic enzyme: Prospects and challenges. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 172:110348. [PMID: 37898093 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The chondroitinases (Chase) are bacterial lyases that specifically digest chondroitin sulfate and/or dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans via a β-elimination reaction and generate unsaturated disaccharides. In recent decades, these enzymes have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their potential applications in various aspects of medicine from the treatment of spinal cord injury to use as an analytical tool. In spite of this diverse spectrum, the application of Chase is faced with several limitations and challenges such as thermal instability and lack of a suitable delivery system. In the current review, we address potential therapeutic applications of Chase with emphasis on the challenges ahead. Then, we summarize the latest achievements to overcome the problems by considering the studies carried out in the field of enzyme engineering, drug delivery, and combination-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Kheirollahi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Orandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Moayedi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chambel SS, Cruz CD. Axonal growth inhibitors and their receptors in spinal cord injury: from biology to clinical translation. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2573-2581. [PMID: 37449592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelin-associated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 (that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory proteins and/or their receptors are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Investigation has also been demonstrating that combinatorial therapies of growth inhibitors with other therapies, such as growth factors or stem-cell therapies, produce stronger results and their potential application in the clinics opens new venues in spinal cord injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Sousa Chambel
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto; Translational NeuroUrology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Duarte Cruz
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto; Translational NeuroUrology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Sorouri F, Hosseini P, Sharifzadeh M, Kiani S, Khoobi M. In Situ Cross-Linkable Hyaluronic-Ferulic Acid Conjugate Containing Bucladesine Nanoparticles Promotes Neural Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42251-42270. [PMID: 37647536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional clinical outcomes following spinal cord injury (SCI) result from glial scar formation, leading to the inhibition of new axon growth and impaired regeneration. Nevertheless, nerve regeneration after SCI is possible, provided that the state of neuron development in the injured environment is improved. Hence, biomaterial-based therapy would be a promising strategy to endow a desirable environment for tissue repair. Herein, we designed a novel multifunctional injectable hydrogel with antioxidant, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative effects. Bucladesine-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (BCS NPs) were first prepared and embedded in a matrix of thiol-functionalized hyaluronic acid modified with ferulic acid (HASH-FA). The target hydrogel (HSP-F/BCS) was then created through Michael-type addition between HASH-FA containing BCS NPs and four-arm polyethylene glycol-maleimide (4-Arm-PEG-Mal). The obtained hydrogel with shear thinning behavior showed viscoelastic and mechanical properties similar to the normal nerve tissue. FA conjugation significantly improved the antioxidant activity of HA, and suppressed intracellular ROS formation. In situ injection of the HSP-F/BCS hydrogel in a rat contusion model of SCI inhibited glial scar progression, reduced microglia/macrophage infiltration, promoted angiogenesis, and induced myelinated axon regeneration. As a result, a significant improvement in motor performance was observed compared to other experimental groups. Taken together, the HSP-F/BCS hydrogel developed in this study could be a promising system for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Sorouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16656-59911, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Parastoo Hosseini
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16656-59911, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16656-59911, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
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Song Y, Guo L, Jiang X, Dong M, Xiang D, Wen M, He S, Yuan Y, Lin F, Zhao G, Liu L, Liao J. Meglumine cyclic adenylate improves cardiovascular hemodynamics and motor-function in a rat model of acute T4 thoracic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2023; 61:422-429. [PMID: 37402893 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-023-00909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Animal experimental study. OBJECTIVES Spinal cord injury (SCI) at or above the T6 level causes cardiovascular dysfunction. Maintaining cAMP levels with cAMP analogs can facilitate neurological recovery. In the present study, the effects of meglumine cyclic adenylate (MCA), a cAMP analog and approved cardiovascular drug, on cardiovascular and neurological recovery in acute T4-SCI in rats were investigated. SETTING Hospital in Kunming, China. METHODS Eighty rats were randomly allocated to five groups, and groups A-D received SCI: (A) a group administered MCA at 2 mg/kg/d iv qd, (B) a group administered dopamine at 2.5 to 5 μg/kg/min iv to maintain mean arterial pressure above 85 mm Hg, (C) a group administered atropine at 1 mg/kg iv bid, (D) a group receiving an equal volume of saline iv qd for 3 weeks after SCI and (E) a group undergoing laminectomy only. The cardiovascular and behavioral parameters of the rats were examined, and spinal cord tissues were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, electron microscopy, and analysis of cAMP levels. RESULTS Compared with dopamine or atropine, MCA significantly reversed the decrease in cAMP levels in both myocardial cells and the injured spinal cord; improved hypotension, bradycardia and behavioral parameters at 6 weeks; and improved spinal cord blood flow and histological structure at 7 days post-SCI. The regression analysis suggested spinal cord motor-function improved as decreased heart rate and mean arterial pressure were stopped post-SCI. CONCLUSIONS MCA may be an effective treatment for acute SCI by sustaining cAMP-dependent reparative processes and improving post-SCI cardiovascular dysfunction. SPONSORSHIP N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Limin Guo
- Orthopedic-Traumatology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingxiong Jiang
- Orthopedic-Traumatology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Minglin Dong
- Orthopedic-Traumatology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Orthopedic-Traumatology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Wen
- Orthopedic-Traumatology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaoxuan He
- Orthopedic-Traumatology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Orthopedic-Traumatology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Orthopedic-Traumatology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Orthopedic-Traumatology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Luping Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingwu Liao
- Orthopedic-Traumatology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China.
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Sharifi A, Zandieh A, Behroozi Z, Hamblin MR, Mayahi S, Yousefifard M, Ramezani F. Sustained delivery of chABC improves functional recovery after a spine injury. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:60. [PMID: 36307768 PMCID: PMC9615228 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chondroitinase ABC (chABC) is an enzyme could improve regeneration and thereby improving functional recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) in rodent models. Degradation of the active enzyme and diffusion away from the lesion are the causes of using hydrogels as a scaffold to deliver the chABC into the lesion site. In this meta-analysis, we investigated the effects of chABC embedded in a scaffold or hydrogel on the functional recovery after SCI. METHOD Databases were searched based on keywords related to chABC and spinal cord injury (SCI). Primary and secondary screening was performed to narrow down study objectives and inclusion criteria, and finally the data were included in the meta-analysis. The standard mean difference of the score of the functional recovery that measured by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) test after SCI was used to analyze the results of the reported studies. Subgroup analysis was performed based on SCI model, severity of SCI, transplantation type, and the follow-up time. Quality control of articles was also specified. RESULTS The results showed that embedding chABC within the scaffold increased significantly the efficiency of functional recovery after SCI in animal models (SMD = 1.95; 95% CI 0.71-3.2; p = 0.002) in 9 studies. SCI model, severity of SCI, injury location, transplantation type, and the follow-up time did not affect the overall results and in all cases scaffold effect could not be ignored. However, due to the small number of studies, this result is not conclusive and more studies are needed. CONCLUSION The results could pave the way for the use of chABC embedded in the scaffold for the treatment of SCI and show that this method of administration is superior to chABC injection alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Sharifi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zandieh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behroozi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Sara Mayahi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Yousefifard
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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NPC transplantation rescues sci-driven cAMP/EPAC2 alterations, leading to neuroprotection and microglial modulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:455. [PMID: 35904607 PMCID: PMC9338125 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation represents a promising treatment strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We demonstrate that severe spinal contusion in adult rats causes transcriptional dysregulation, which persists from early subacute to chronic stages of SCI and affects nearly 20,000 genes in total tissue extracts. Functional analysis of this dysregulated transcriptome reveals the significant downregulation of cAMP signalling components immediately after SCI, involving genes such as EPAC2 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), PKA, BDNF, and CAMKK2. The ectopic transplantation of spinal cord-derived NPCs at acute or subacute stages of SCI induces a significant transcriptional impact in spinal tissue, as evidenced by the normalized expression of a large proportion of SCI-affected genes. The transcriptional modulation pattern driven by NPC transplantation includes the rescued expression of cAMP signalling genes, including EPAC2. We also explore how the sustained in vivo inhibition of EPAC2 downstream signalling via the intrathecal administration of ESI-05 for 1 week impacts therapeutic mechanisms involved in the NPC-mediated treatment of SCI. NPC transplantation in SCI rats in the presence and absence of ESI-05 administration prompts increased rostral cAMP levels; however, NPC and ESI-05 treated animals exhibit a significant reduction in EPAC2 mRNA levels compared to animals receiving only NPCs treatment. Compared with transplanted animals, NPCs + ESI-05 treatment increases the scar area (as shown by GFAP staining), polarizes microglia into an inflammatory phenotype, and increases the magnitude of the gap between NeuN + cells across the lesion. Overall, our results indicate that the NPC-associated therapeutic mechanisms in the context of SCI involve the cAMP pathway, which reduces inflammation and provides a more neuropermissive environment through an EPAC2-dependent mechanism.
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Zhou G, Wang Z, Han S, Chen X, Li Z, Hu X, Li Y, Gao J. Multifaceted Roles of cAMP Signaling in the Repair Process of Spinal Cord Injury and Related Combination Treatments. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:808510. [PMID: 35283731 PMCID: PMC8904388 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.808510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in multiple pathophysiological processes, including blood–spinal cord barrier disruption, hemorrhage/ischemia, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, scar formation, and demyelination. These responses eventually lead to severe tissue destruction and an inhibitory environment for neural regeneration.cAMP signaling is vital for neurite outgrowth and axonal guidance. Stimulating intracellular cAMP activity significantly promotes neuronal survival and axonal regrowth after SCI.However, neuronal cAMP levels in adult CNS are relatively low and will further decrease after injury. Targeting cAMP signaling has become a promising strategy for neural regeneration over the past two decades. Furthermore, studies have revealed that cAMP signaling is involved in the regulation of glial cell function in the microenvironment of SCI, including macrophages/microglia, reactive astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. cAMP-elevating agents in the post-injury milieu increase the cAMP levels in both neurons and glial cells and facilitate injury repair through the interplay between neurons and glial cells and ultimately contribute to better morphological and functional outcomes. In recent years, combination treatments associated with cAMP signaling have been shown to exert synergistic effects on the recovery of SCI. Agents carried by nanoparticles exhibit increased water solubility and capacity to cross the blood–spinal cord barrier. Implanted bioscaffolds and injected hydrogels are potential carriers to release agents locally to avoid systemic side effects. Cell transplantation may provide permissive matrices to synergize with the cAMP-enhanced growth capacity of neurons. cAMP can also induce the oriented differentiation of transplanted neural stem/progenitor cells into neurons and increase the survival rate of cell grafts. Emerging progress focused on cAMP compartmentation provides researchers with new perspectives to understand the complexity of downstream signaling, which may facilitate the clinical translation of strategies targeting cAMP signaling for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyuan Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of International Medical Service, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Gao
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Guijarro-Belmar A, Domanski DM, Bo X, Shewan D, Huang W. The therapeutic potential of targeting exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (Epac) for central nervous system trauma. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:460-469. [PMID: 32985466 PMCID: PMC7996029 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.293256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are affected by traumatic spinal cord injury, which usually results in permanent sensorimotor disability. Damage to the spinal cord leads to a series of detrimental events including ischaemia, haemorrhage and neuroinflammation, which over time result in further neural tissue loss. Eventually, at chronic stages of traumatic spinal cord injury, the formation of a glial scar, cystic cavitation and the presence of numerous inhibitory molecules act as physical and chemical barriers to axonal regrowth. This is further hindered by a lack of intrinsic regrowth ability of adult neurons in the central nervous system. The intracellular signalling molecule, cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP), is known to play many important roles in the central nervous system, and elevating its levels as shown to improve axonal regeneration outcomes following traumatic spinal cord injury in animal models. However, therapies directly targeting cAMP have not found their way into the clinic, as cAMP is ubiquitously present in all cell types and its manipulation may have additional deleterious effects. A downstream effector of cAMP, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (Epac2), is mainly expressed in the adult central nervous system, and its activation has been shown to mediate the positive effects of cAMP on axonal guidance and regeneration. Recently, using ex vivo modelling of traumatic spinal cord injury, Epac2 activation was found to profoundly modulate the post-lesion environment, such as decreasing the activation of astrocytes and microglia. Pilot data with Epac2 activation also suggested functional improvement assessed by in vivo models of traumatic spinal cord injury. Therefore, targeting Epac2 in traumatic spinal cord injury could represent a novel strategy in traumatic spinal cord injury repair, and future work is needed to fully establish its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Guijarro-Belmar
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dominik Mateusz Domanski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Xuenong Bo
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Derryck Shewan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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13
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Pavlova E, Nikishin I, Bogdanova A, Klinov D, Bagrov D. The miscibility and spatial distribution of the components in electrospun polymer–protein mats. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4672-4680. [PMID: 35495279 PMCID: PMC9049090 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10910b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable blended electrospun mats are promising for biomedical applications such as wound dressing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. Electrospun mats based on polyesters can be modified by the addition of other polymers or proteins to accelerate the degradation, improve mechanical properties or biocompatibility. However, relatively little is known about the distribution of the components throughout the blended mats. In the present work, we prepared polylactide (PLA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the blended PLA–BSA electrospun mats. We demonstrated that PLA and BSA are miscible in a common solvent HFIP (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol) at concentrations below 3%, but become immiscible as concentration increases. We used three methods (fluorescence microscopy, EDX, and Raman microspectroscopy) to validate that PLA and BSA can be blended in a single electrospun fiber despite the phase separation in the blend. The homogeneity of the blend influences on the homogeneity of the distribution of PLA and BSA components throughout the electrospun mat, as measured by Raman microspectroscopy. When the blended electrospun mats were incubated in water, they demonstrated the prolonged release of BSA. The presented results show a step-by-step approach for manufacturing blended electrospun mats made of immiscible components, which involves the analysis of component miscibility, the mat morphology, and composition. This approach can be used for the rational design of multicomponent electrospun mats. Polylactide and bovine serum albumin can be combined in a single electrospun fiber, despite the phase separation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Pavlova
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
- Moscow Region
| | - Igor Nikishin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Faculty of Biology
- Department of Bioengineering
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Bogdanova
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
- Moscow Region
| | - Dmitry Klinov
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
- Moscow Region
| | - Dmitry Bagrov
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Faculty of Biology
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14
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Recent advances in the therapeutic uses of chondroitinase ABC. Exp Neurol 2019; 321:113032. [PMID: 31398353 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many studies, using pre-clinical models of SCI, have demonstrated the efficacy of chondroitinase ABC as a treatment for spinal cord injury and this has been confirmed in laboratories worldwide and in several animal models. The aim of this review is report the current state of research in the field and to compare the relative efficacies of these new interventions to improve outcomes in both acute and chronic models of SCI. We also report new methods of chondroitinase delivery and the outcomes of two clinical trials using the enzyme to treat spinal cord injury in dogs and disc herniation in human patients. Recent studies have assessed the outcomes of combining chondroitinase with other strategies known to promote recovery following spinal cord injury and new approaches. Evidence is emerging that one of the most powerful combinations is that of chondroitinase with cell transplants. The particular benefits of each of the different cell types used for these transplant experiments are discussed. Combining chondroitinase with rehabilitation also improves outcomes. Gene therapy is an efficient method of enzyme delivery to the injured spinal cord and circumvents the issue of the enzyme's thermo-instability. Other methods of delivery, such as via nanoparticles or synthetic scaffolds, have shown promise; however, the outcomes from these experiments suggest that these methods of delivery require further optimization to achieve similar levels of efficacy to that obtained by a gene therapy approach. Pre-clinical models have also shown chondroitinase is efficacious in the treatment of other conditions, such as peripheral nerve injury, stroke, coronary reperfusion, Parkinson's disease and certain types of cancer. The wide range of conditions where the benefits of chondroitinase treatment have been demonstrated reflects the complex roles that chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (its substrate) play in health and disease and warrants the enzyme's further development as a therapy.
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Teleanu RI, Gherasim O, Gherasim TG, Grumezescu V, Grumezescu AM, Teleanu DM. Nanomaterial-Based Approaches for Neural Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E266. [PMID: 31181719 PMCID: PMC6630326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical, thermal, chemical, or ischemic injury of the central or peripheral nervous system results in neuron loss, neurite damage, and/or neuronal dysfunction, almost always accompanied by sensorimotor impairment which alters the patient's life quality. The regenerative strategies for the injured nervous system are currently limited and mainly allow partial functional recovery, so it is necessary to develop new and effective approaches for nervous tissue regenerative therapy. Nanomaterials based on inorganic or organic and composite or hybrid compounds with tunable physicochemical properties and functionality proved beneficial for the transport and delivery/release of various neuroregenerative-relevant biomolecules or cells. Within the following paragraphs, we will emphasize that nanomaterial-based strategies (including nanosized and nanostructured biomaterials) represent a promising alternative towards repairing and regenerating the injured nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ioana Teleanu
- "Victor Gomoiu" Clinical Children's Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Oana Gherasim
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - Tudor George Gherasim
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Valentina Grumezescu
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Daniel Mihai Teleanu
- Emergency University Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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Reis KP, Sperling LE, Teixeira C, Paim Á, Alcântara B, Vizcay-Barrena G, Fleck RA, Pranke P. Application of PLGA/FGF-2 coaxial microfibers in spinal cord tissue engineering: an in vitro and in vivo investigation. Regen Med 2018; 13:785-801. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Scaffolds are a promising approach for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. FGF-2 is involved in tissue repair but is easily degradable and presents collateral effects in systemic administration. In order to address the stability issue and avoid the systemic effects, FGF-2 was encapsulated into core–shell microfibers by coaxial electrospinning and its in vitro and in vivo potential were studied. Materials & methods: The fibers were characterized by physicochemical and biological parameters. The scaffolds were implanted in a hemisection SCI rat model. Locomotor test was performed weekly for 6 weeks. After this time, histological analyses were performed and expression of nestin and GFAP was quantified by flow cytometry. Results: Electrospinning resulted in uniform microfibers with a core–shell structure, with a sustained liberation of FGF-2 from the fibers. The fibers supported PC12 cells adhesion and proliferation. Implanted scaffolds into SCI promoted locomotor recovery at 28 days after injury and reduced GFAP expression. Conclusion: These results indicate the potential of these microfibers in SCI tissue engineering. [Formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P Reis
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Laura E Sperling
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Cristian Teixeira
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ágata Paim
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alcântara
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gema Vizcay-Barrena
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90020-10, Brazil
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Liu X, Wang J, Li G, Lv H. Effect of combined chondroitinase ABC and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:25-30. [PMID: 29749479 PMCID: PMC6059675 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of combined hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) enzyme therapy in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. A total of 48 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham, SCI, vehicle, HBO, ChABC enzyme and HBO + ChABC. Excluding the sham group, SCI was established in rats by a clip compression injury and rats subsequently received HBO treatment for 2 weeks with or without an intraspinal injection of 0.1 U/µl ChABC. Neuromotor functions were examined using the Basso‑Beattie‑Bresnahan locomotor rating scale and the inclined plane assessment at baseline and for 4 weeks following SCI establishment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also measured, in addition to the expression of glycogen synthase kinase‑3β (GSK3β) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Results revealed that combined HBO and ChABC treatment significantly improved neuromotor function compared with the HBO or ChABC treatments alone. HBO and/or ChABC treatment significantly increased SOD and decreased MDA levels, as well as GSK3β expression, compared with the sham and SCI rats. The combined HBO and ChABC treatment significantly inhibited SCI‑induced AQP4 expression, but ChABC alone did not. Functional recovery in the HBO + ChABC group was significantly increased compared with the HBO or ChABC groups. These results indicate that combined HBO and ChABC treatment is more effective in treating SCI than either therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jiefeng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Guangkuo Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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