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Tamraz M, Al Ghossaini N, Temraz S. The Role of Wheatgrass in Colorectal Cancer: A Review of the Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5166. [PMID: 38791211 PMCID: PMC11121291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of colon cancer is either genetic in nature or results from inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; nevertheless, dietary habits play a crucial role in the disease. Wheatgrass is a dietary supplement that is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants which contribute to health promotion in cardiovascular diseases, liver disease, blood diseases, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as in several types of cancers, such as oral squamous cell cancer, cervical cancer, and breast cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the prospect that wheatgrass possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, and its use as an adjunctive therapy, have been minimally investigated and evidence is still limited. In this review, we compiled the available evidence pertaining to wheatgrass and its likely impact on CRC, described the pathways of inflammation in which wheatgrass could possibly play a role, and identified future research needs on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magie Tamraz
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. BOX 446, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon;
| | - Najib Al Ghossaini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ain Wazein Medical Village, Chouf P.O. Box 1503-210/02, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon;
| | - Sally Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology/Hematology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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2
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Li X, Hsu JC, Son MH, Ha LN, Cai W. Cancer photodynamic therapy with chlorin e6-loaded, goat milk-derived extracellular vesicles: [ 18F]FDG lights up the way. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:247-250. [PMID: 36357594 PMCID: PMC9822859 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of WI - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica C Hsu
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of WI - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mai Hong Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital 108, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Ngoc Ha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital 108, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of WI - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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3
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Yao H, Yan J, Zhou Z, Shen S, Wu Y, Liu P, Zhang H, Wang X. A chlorin e6 derivative‐mediated photodynamic therapy for patients with cervical and vaginal low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: a retrospective analysis. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Yao
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jia Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Shuzhan Shen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yun Wu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Pei Liu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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Zheng YW, Miao XY, Xiong L, Chen B, Kong FH, Zhou JJ, Liu ZT, Wen Y, Zhang ZJ, Zou H. Sulfasalazine Sensitizes Polyhematoporphyrin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Cholangiocarcinoma by Targeting xCT. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:723488. [PMID: 34483935 PMCID: PMC8414975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.723488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which is highly malignant, shows a relatively poor prognosis, due to the insensitivity of the tumour to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising palliative therapeutic option for patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), while the functional amount of ROS is limited by intracellular redox systemen. Sulfasalazine (SASP), a well-known anti-inflammatory agent, which also acts as an inhibitor of the amino acid transport system xc (xCT), decreases the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, thus weakening the antioxidant defence of the cell by inhibition of the antiporter. However, the combination of SASP and PDT remains unexplored. We have reported that polyhematoporphyrin (PHP)-mediated PDT inhibits the cell viability of CCA cells and organoids. Furthermore, in PHP-enriched HCCC-9810 and TFK-1CCA cells, SASP enhances the sensitivity to PHP-mediated PDT through a GSH-dependent mechanism. We found that PHP-PDT can up-regulate xCT expression to promote cells against overloaded ROS, while SASP reduces GSH levels. After the combination of SASP and PHP-PDT, cell viability and GSH levels were significantly inhibited. xCT was also observed to be inhibited by SASP in human organoid samples. Our findings suggest that, in combination with PDT, SASP has potential as a promising approach against CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wen Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong-Ying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan-Hua Kong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang-Jiao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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5
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Rizzi V, Gubitosa J, Fini P, Fraix A, Sortino S, Agostiano A, Cosma P. Development of Spirulina sea-weed raw extract/polyamidoamine hydrogel system as novel platform in photodynamic therapy: Photostability and photoactivity of chlorophyll a. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 119:111593. [PMID: 33321637 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present and characterize Polyamidoamine-based hydrogels (PAA) as scaffolds to host photoactive Chlorophyll a (Chl a) from Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) sea-weed Extract (SE), for potential applications in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). The pigment extracted from SE was blended inside PAA without further purification, according to Green Chemistry principles. A comprehensive investigation of this hybrid platform, PAA/SE-based, was thus performed in our laboratory and, by means of Visible absorption and emission spectroscopies, the Chl a features, stability and photoactivity were studied. The obtained results evidenced the presence of two main Chl a forms, monomeric and dimeric, interacting with hydrogel polyamidoamines network. To better understand the nature of this interaction, the spectroscopic investigation of this system was performed both before and after the solidification of the hydrogel, that occurred at least in 24 h. Then, focusing the attention on solid scaffold, the 1Chl a⁎ fluorescence lifetime and FTIR-ATR analyses of PAA/SE were carried out, confirming the findings. The swelling and Point Zero Charge (PZC) measurements of solid PAA and PAA/SE were additionally performed to investigate the hydrogel behavior in water. Chl a molecules blended in PAA were (photo) stable and photoactive, and this latter feature was demonstrated showing that the pigment induced, when swelled in water and under irradiation, the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2), measured by direct and indirect methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Rizzi
- Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro" di Bari, Dip. Chimica, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jennifer Gubitosa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-IPCF, UOS Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Fini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-IPCF, UOS Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Aurore Fraix
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Agostiano
- Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro" di Bari, Dip. Chimica, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-IPCF, UOS Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Pinalysa Cosma
- Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro" di Bari, Dip. Chimica, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-IPCF, UOS Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Avisar A, Cohen M, Katz R, Shentzer Kutiel T, Aharon A, Bar-Sela G. Wheatgrass Juice Administration and Immune Measures during Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Colon Cancer Patients: Preliminary Results. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E129. [PMID: 32585974 PMCID: PMC7345549 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in high-risk stage II-III colorectal cancer (CC). We examine the effect of daily wheatgrass juice (WGJ) intake in addition to chemotherapy on immune parameters, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and white blood cells (WBCs) among CC patients. In a controlled prospective trial, 100 stage II-III CC patients were enrolled. According to patient preference, they were divided into two subgroups, control group and intervention group, 50 patients each, all of whom received the same standard postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, plus consumption of 60 cc WGJ daily in the intervention group. Blood samples were collected at baseline (T0) and upon treatment termination, 5-6 months later (T1). Cytokine concentrations were assessed using ELISA kits. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher in the WGJ group than in the control group at T1. The decline in WBC counts between T0 and T1 was significantly lower in the WGJ group. No significant differences were observed in IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12 concentrations between the study groups. The higher levels of IL-10 and the attenuating of WBC decline during chemotherapy may constitute preliminary evidence of the beneficial effects of WGJ on immune parameters, when given as a supplement to standard care. In light of these preliminary results, WGJ supports immunological parameters during adjuvant chemotherapy. Nevertheless, future studies are needed in order to translate those results to clinical recommendations for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Avisar
- The Graduate Studies Authority, University of Haifa, Haifa 31000, Israel;
| | - Miri Cohen
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa 31000, Israel;
| | - Rina Katz
- Clinical Immunology and Tissue Typing Lab, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31000, Israel;
| | | | - Anat Aharon
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel;
| | - Gil Bar-Sela
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31000, Israel
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, 21 Yitzhak Rabin Blvd., Afula 1834111, Israel
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Chen D, Lu S, Yang G, Pan X, Fan S, Xie X, Chen Q, Li F, Li Z, Wu S, He J. The seafood Musculus senhousei shows anti-influenza A virus activity by targeting virion envelope lipids. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113982. [PMID: 32305436 PMCID: PMC7162792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyropheophorbide a (PPa) was isolated from the seafood of M. senhousei. PPa shows a potent activity against a broad panel of influenza A viral strains. The mechanism of PPa is to block the entry of virus in the early stage of infection. The target of PPa may be that of lipid bilayer of the enveloped viruses.
Marine environments are known to be a new source of structurally diverse bioactive molecules. In this paper, we identified a porphyrin derivative of Pyropheophorbide a (PPa) from the mussel Musculus senhousei (M. senhousei) that showed broad anti-influenza A virus activity in vitro against a panel of influenza A viral strains. The analysis of the mechanism of action indicated that PPa functions in the early stage of virus infection by interacting with the lipid bilayer of the virion, resulting in an alteration of membrane-associated functions, thereby blocking the entry of enveloped viruses into host cells. In addition, the anti-influenza A virus activity of PPa was further assessed in mice infected with the influenza A virus. The survival rate and mean survival time of mice were apparently prolonged compared with the control group which was not treated with the drug. Therefore, PPa and its derivatives may represent lead compounds for controlling influenza A virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiwei Chen
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shengsheng Lu
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Sheng Fan
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xi Xie
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Zhonghuang Li
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jian He
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Gao YH, Zhu XX, Zhu W, Wu D, Chen DY, Yan YJ, Wu XF, O'Shea DF, Chen ZL. Synthesis and evaluation of novel chlorophyll a derivatives as potent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111959. [PMID: 31846830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a exhibits excellent photosensitive activity in photosynthesis. The unstability limited its application as photoensitizer drug in photodynamic therapy. Here a series of novel chlorophyll a degradation products pyropheophorbide-a derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for lung cancer in PDT. These compounds have strong absorption in 660-670 nm with high molar extinction coefficient, and fluorescence emission in 660-675 nm upon excitation with 410-415 nm light. They all have much higher ROS yields than pyropheophorbide-a, and compound 10 was even higher than [3-(1-hexyloxyethyl)]-pyrophoeophorbide a (HPPH). Distinctive phototoxicity was observed in vitro and the inhibition effect was in light dose-dependent and drug dose-dependent style. They can effectively inhibit the growth of lung tumor in vivo. Among them, compound 8 and 11 have outstanding photodynamic anti-tumor effects without obvious skin photo-toxicity, so they can act as new drug candidates for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Gao
- Department of pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xue-Xue Zhu
- Department of pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dan-Ye Chen
- Department of pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Donal F O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW PRODUCTION METHOD OF HEALTHFUL CRYOFROZEN NANOADDITIVES OF CHLOROPHYLL-CONTAINING VEGETABLES USING CRYOMECHANICAL PROCESSES. EUREKA: LIFE SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5695.2019.001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work is to develop the new production method of healthful cryofrozen nanoadditives of chlorophyll-containing vegetables (CCV) in the nanosize form, using liquid and gas-like nitrogen with a high degree of chlorophyll preservation, without losses at defrost and without synthetic admixtures. The new method is based on using cryogenic “shock” freezing and low-temperature comminution as an innovation. Their joint use is accompanied by cryodestruction and cryomechanochemistry processes. The offered method gives a possibility not only to preserve chlorophylls, carotenoids and other BAS of initial raw materials, but also to transform hidden forms of BAS, bound with biopolymers, in free more completely.
Chlorophyll-containing vegetables were used as raw materials: spinach leaves, verdure of celery and parsley. There is offered and developed the new production method of healthful cryofrozen nanoadditives of CCV, allowing not only to preserve chlorophyll, β-carotene and other BAS of initial raw materials, but also to release their hidden, inactive forms more fully. The last ones are bound in fresh CCV in nanoassociates and nanopolymers. At getting cryofrozen additives, there takes extraction (or release) of BAS into the free nanoform, easily assimilated by the human organism. It is established, that fresh CCV contain 3.0…3.5 times more bound inactive chlorophyll, than free one.
It is established, that the use of the new method of processing CCV in cryofrozen additives at cryogenic “shock” freezing to temperature within a product –35…–40 °С and fine-dispersed comminution result in the high degree of releasing hidden forms of chlorophylls and other BAS from vegetables. Their mass share is 2.5…3.5 times more than in fresh vegetables. At developing the new method of getting cryofrozen additives, the essential amount of hidden (bound) forms of chlorophylls and other BAS in CCV were discovered – hidden reserves of raw materials, unknown to the scientific community. It is established, that the storage term of obtained cryofrozen additives of CCV is 12 months, during which chlorophyll is fully preserved. At the same time it is demonstrated, that at defrost of additives with CCV, losses of chlorophyll and other BAS are not observed.
There are also studied enzymatic processes at CCV cryoprocessing, especially the activity of oxidizing enzymes (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) that influence a preservation degree of chlorophyll and other BAS. It is established, that at freezing CCV to –18 °С in a product, inactivation of oxidizing enzymes doesn’t take place. At that at further defrost of CCV, there takes place the increase of enzymatic activity in 1.4…1.5 times, comparing with fresh chlorophyll-containing vegetables. It is established, that at cryodestruction of CCV to –35…–40 °С there takes place the complete inactivation of oxidizing enzymes, which activity is not renewed at defrosting a product.
The obtained cryofrozen additives with CCV in the nanosize form are a source of the unique complex of phytocomponents – chlorophyll, β-carotene, vitamin C, polyphenol compounds and other BAS and don’t have analogues in the world. Cryoadditives with CCV are five in one: BAS source, coloring agents, stiffeners, structure-formers and gel-formers. A green line of healthy products is developed, using cryoadditives of CCV: nanosorbets, nanobeverages, sponge cakes, sauces-dressings, cheese desserts and so on
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Efficacy of SXN in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Phase IV Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8796234. [PMID: 30941201 PMCID: PMC6421013 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8796234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Shengxuening (SXN) tablet is extracted from the excrement of the silkworm and has effects on hematopoiesis. The main components of SXN are chlorophyll derivatives and sodium iron chlorophyllin (SIC). The present study aims to investigate the efficiency and safety of SXN on iron deficiency anemia. This phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 31 hospitals in China from June 2001 to April 2002. Adults and children were randomly divided into low-dose (L-SXN), medium-dose (M-SXN), and high-dose (H-SXN) groups, respectively. The course of treatment was 1 month. Peripheral hemogram levels and iron status were examined before and after treatment. Adults in all three dose groups demonstrated a significant increase in hemoglobin (HGB) concentration. Children who received SXN treatment in medium and high doses also demonstrated increased HGB concentration. Reticulocyte counts increased at the end of treatment in the M-SXN and H-SXN adult groups and in the M-SXN child group. For both children and adults, SXN in the three dose groups was found to significantly elevate red blood cell level, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The total effective rate in the SXN-treated group reached 84.8%. The incidence of adverse events was 4.07%. The most common side effects were nausea (2.83%), diarrhea (0.74%), and rash (0.25%). SXN was proved to be efficient and safe for adults and children with iron deficiency anemia.
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DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW METHOD OF STORAGE AND MAXIMUM SEPARATION OF CHLOROPHILS FROM CHLOROPHYLCONTAINING VEGETABLES AT RECEPTION OF HEALTHFULL NANOPRODUCTS. EUREKA: LIFE SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5695.2018.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work is the development of a new way of deep processing of chlorophyll-containing vegetables that gives a possibility not only to preserve chlorophylls a and b and other biologically active substances (BAS) of raw materials, but also to transform hidden bound (inactive) forms of chlorophyll in the free easy-digestible form at getting steam-thermally processed semi-products and healthy food products in the nanoform.
For achieving the aim, the complex effect of steam-thermal processing and mechanolysis at fine-dyspersed comminution using the new equipment was applied as an innovation for thermal processing and comminution.
There was developed the new method of getting healthy products of chlorophyll-containing vegetables (broccoli, spinach, Brussels cabbage, green leguminous haricot bean), steam-thermally processed (by hot steam) in the steam-convectional stove and fine-dyspersed with high contents of chlorophylls and other BAS and prebiotics. The method is based on the complex effect of processes of thermodestruction, mechanodestruction and non-enzymatic catalysis on raw materials at fine-dyspersed comminution. It was demonstrated, that at steam thermal processing of chlorophyll-containing vegetables (CCV) in the steam-convectomat during 5 minutes, there takes place not only preservation of chlorophylls a and b, but more full separation (in 1,33…1,4 times) from the hidden (bound) form, comparing with fresh vegetables. There was elucidated the mechanism of this process. The more full extraction of hidden forms of β-carotene (2 times more than in fresh CCV) takes place in parallel.
The essentially more effect of transforming hidden forms was revealed at fine-dyspersed comminution of steam-thermally processed CCV. It was demonstrated, that thermally processed nanoproducts of CCV contain 2…2,1 more chlorophylls a and b, 2,0…3,3 times more carotenoids in the bound form than fresh vegetables.
The quality of obtained new types of fine-dyspersated steam-thermally processed green products as puree and soups-purees of CCV exceeds one of known analogues by contents of chlorophylls a and b, β-carotene and other BAS, which are in nanosize easy-digestible form.
Using new types of fine-dyspersated purees of CCV, there was developed the new green line of healthy nanoproducts: soups-purees, nanodrinks, nanosorbets, sauces-dressings, sauces-deeps, ice-cream, snacks and so on. It was demonstrated, that new products exceed existing analogues by BAS content (chlorophylls, β-carotene, L-ascorbic acid, phenol compounds).
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