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Xing W, Liu G, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Lou H, Fan P. Selective Antitumor Effect and Lower Toxicity of Mitochondrion-Targeting Derivatization of Triptolide. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1093-1114. [PMID: 38169372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Triptolide has a significant antitumor activity, but its toxicity limits its clinical application. As the mitochondrion-targeting strategy showed an advantage in selective antitumor effect based on the higher mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in tumor cells than normal cells, the lipophilic cations triphenylphosphonium and E-4-(1H-indol-3-yl vinyl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide (F16) were selected as targeting carriers for structural modification of triptolide. The derivatives bearing F16 generally retained most antitumor activities, overcame its inhibition plateau phenomena, and enhanced its selective antitumor effect in lung cancer. The representative derivative F9 could accumulate in the mitochondria of NCI-H1975 cells, inducing apoptosis and a dose-dependent increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species and reducing MMP. Moreover, no effects were observed in normal cells BEAS-2B. In vivo studies showed that the developmental, renal, and liver toxicities of F9 to zebrafish were significantly lower than those of triptolide. This study provides a promising idea to relieve the toxicity problem of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Xing
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroprotective Drugs, Shandong Qidu Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Zibo 255400, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Peihong Fan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
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Zhang H, Lu G. Synthesis of celastrol derivatives as potential non-nucleoside hepatitis B virus inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1380-1386. [PMID: 32573976 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of para-quinone methide (pQM) moiety and C-20- modified derivatives of celastrol were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg as well as the inhibitory effect against HBV DNA replication. The results suggested that amidation of C-20 carboxylic group could generate derivatives with good anti-HBV profile, among them compound 14 showed the best inhibitory activity on the secretion of HBsAg (IC50 = 11.9 µμ) and HBeAg (IC50 = 13.1 µμ) with SI of 3.3 and 3.0, respectively. In addition, 14 also showed potent inhibitory effect against HBV DNA replication (48.5 ± 15.1%, 25 µM). This is, to our knowledge, the first report of celastrol derivatives as potential non-nucleoside HBV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Beijing BeiqinBiotech Co. Ltd., Xinggu Economic Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Gongxi Lu
- Beijing BeiqinBiotech Co. Ltd., Xinggu Economic Development Zone, Beijing, China
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Noh S, Choi E, Hwang CH, Jung JH, Kim SH, Kim B. Dietary Compounds for Targeting Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102401. [PMID: 31597327 PMCID: PMC6835786 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the burden of the disease is increased. Although several chemotherapies have been used, concerns about the side effects have been raised, and development of alternative therapy is inevitable. The purpose of this study is to prove the efficacy of dietary substances as a source of anti-tumor drugs by identifying their carcinostatic activities in specific pathological mechanisms. According to numerous studies, dietary substances were effective through following five mechanisms; apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastasis, microRNA (miRNA) regulation, and anti-multi-drug-resistance (MDR). About seventy dietary substances showed the anti-prostate cancer activities. Most of the substances induced the apoptosis, especially acting on the mechanism of caspase and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. These findings support that dietary compounds have potential to be used as anticancer agents as both food supplements and direct clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Noh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Eunseok Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Cho-Hyun Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
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Zhang X, Xiao Z, Xu H. A review of the total syntheses of triptolide. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1984-1995. [PMID: 31501665 PMCID: PMC6720243 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is a complex triepoxide diterpene natural product that has attracted considerable interest in the organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry societies due to its intriguing structural features and multiple promising biological activities. In this review, progress in the total syntheses of triptolide are systematically summarized. We hope to gain a better understanding of the field and provide constructive suggestions for future studies of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zaozao Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Hou W, Liu B, Xu H. Triptolide: Medicinal chemistry, chemical biology and clinical progress. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:378-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Noel P, Von Hoff DD, Saluja AK, Velagapudi M, Borazanci E, Han H. Triptolide and Its Derivatives as Cancer Therapies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:327-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Triptolide-targeted delivery methods. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:342-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hou W, Fan Q, Su L, Xu H. Synthesis of Oridonin Derivatives via Mizoroki-Heck Reaction and Click Chemistry for Cytotoxic Activity. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:935-947. [PMID: 30657049 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190118121439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products (NPs) are evolutionarily chosen "privileged structures" that have a profound impact upon the anticancer drug discovery and development progress. However, the search for new drugs based on structure modification of NPs has often been hindered due to the tedious and complicated synthetic pathways. Fortunately, Mizoroki-Heck reaction and copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) could provide perfect strategies for selective modification on NPs even in the presence of liable functionalities. OBJECTIVE Here, we used oridonin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid that showed a wide range of biological activities, as a parent molecule for the generation of analogues with anticancer activity. METHODS Derivatives of oridonin were generated based on the structure-activity relationship study of oridonin and synthesized via Mizoroki-Heck reaction and CuAAC. The cytotoxicity of new oridonin derivatives were evaluated on both cancer cells and normal cells. Furthermore, the apoptotic effect and cell cycle arrest effect of the selected potent analogue were evaluated by flow cytometry and western blotting analysis. RESULTS Two series of novel C-14 and C-17 modified derivatives of oridonin were obtained via Heck reaction and copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), respectively. In vitro antiproliferative activities showed that the introduction of C-14 (2-triazole)acetoxyl- moiety could retain or enhance cytotoxicity, whereas the introduction of C-17 phenyl ring might exert negative effect. Further studies demonstrated that derivative 23 exhibited broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity, effectively overcame drug-resistance and showed weak cytotoxicity on non-cancer cells. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that 23 might cause G2/M phase arrest and induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells. CONCLUSION Mizoroki-Heck reaction and CuAAC are perfect strategies for structure modification of complex natural products. The introduction of C-14 (2-triazole)acetoxyl- moiety could retain or enhance the cytotoxicity of oridonin, the introduction of C-17 phenyl group might exert negative effect on its cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology (IDD&CB), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiuju Fan
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology (IDD&CB), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Yang YQ, Liang J, Han XD, Tian RM, Liu XS, Mao W, Xu HT, Liu B, Xu P. Dual-function of triptriolide in podocytes injury: inhibiting of apoptosis and restoring of survival. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1932-1939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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10
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Hou W, Zhang G, Luo Z, Su L, Xu H. Click chemistry‐based synthesis and cytotoxic activity evaluation of 4α‐triazole acetate podophyllotoxin derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:473-483. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceInstitute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology (IDD & CB)Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceTianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Shanghai Evergene Biotech Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceInstitute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology (IDD & CB)Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
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11
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Fan D, Guo Q, Shen J, Zheng K, Lu C, Zhang G, Lu A, He X. The Effect of Triptolide in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Basic Research towards Clinical Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020376. [PMID: 29373547 PMCID: PMC5855598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), a major extract of the herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), has been shown to exert potent pharmacological effects, especially an immunosuppressive effect in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its multiorgan toxicity prevents it from being widely used in clinical practice. Recently, several attempts are being performed to reduce TP toxicity. In this review, recent progress in the use of TP for RA, including its pharmacological effects and toxicity, is summarized. Meanwhile, strategies relying on chemical structural modifications, innovative delivery systems, and drug combinations to alleviate the disadvantages of TP are also reviewed. Furthermore, we also discuss the challenges and perspectives in their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Fan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Qingqing Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Jiawen Shen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Hou W, Zhang G, Luo Z, Li D, Ruan H, Ruan BH, Su L, Xu H. Identification of a diverse synthetic abietane diterpenoid library and insight into the structure-activity relationships for antibacterial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5382-5386. [PMID: 29153424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A diverse natural product-like (NPL) synthetic abietane diterpenoid library containing 86 compounds were obtained and the SARs were studied based on their antibacterial potential. Further in vitro cytotoxic and in silico drug-like properties evaluation showed that the potent antibacterial compound 84 had good drug-like properties and displayed low cytotoxicity toward noncancerous mammalian cells, indicating the study of AA and DHAA might be a good starting point for the search of novel antimicrobial molecules. Future work should be focused on the optimization of their potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Shanghai Evergene Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201499, PR China
| | - Di Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Haoqiang Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Benfang Helen Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, PR China.
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Hou W, Luo Z, Zhang G, Cao D, Li D, Ruan H, Ruan BH, Su L, Xu H. Click chemistry-based synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of novel C-14 1,2,3-triazole dehydroabietic acid hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:1042-1052. [PMID: 28759877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A concise and efficient synthetic approach has been established to readily access a series of novel C-14 1,2,3-triazole-tethered dehydroabietic acid derivatives in moderate to high yields. In vitro antiproliferative activity evaluation indicated that most of the hybrids exhibited potent inhibitory activities in a variety of cancer cell lines with low micromolar to submicromolar IC50 values. Further studies demonstrated that some of these analogues such as 20, 21, and 24 were also effective against adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 clone at low concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the most potent compound 24, which possesses a 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl-substituted triazole moiety, not only exhibited obviously improved IC50 values ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 μM against a panel of tested cancer cells, but also showed very weak cytotoxicity on normal cells. Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that compound 24 could induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells and was worth developing into a novel natural product-like anticancer lead by proper structure modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Shanghai Evergene Biotech Co,. Ltd., Shanghai 201499, PR China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Danhui Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Di Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Haoqiang Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Benfang Helen Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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