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Peng D, Wang A, Shi W, Lin L. Pentacyclic triterpenes, potential novel therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s12272-024-01510-4. [PMID: 39048758 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) involve dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels and have become major health concerns worldwide. Multiple mechanisms may be involved in the occurrence and development of CVDs. Although therapies for CVDs are constantly being developed and applied, the incidence and mortality of CVDs remain high. The roles of natural compounds in CVD treatment are being explored, providing new approaches for the treatment of CVD. Pentacyclic triterpenes are natural compounds with a basic nucleus of 30 carbon atoms, and they have been widely studied for their potential applications in the treatment of CVDs, to which various pharmacological activities contribute, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. This review introduces the roles of triterpenoids in the prevention and treatment of CVDs, summarizes their potential underlying mechanisms, and provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of triterpenoids in the management of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Aizan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng X, Liu Y, Qi B, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Liang X, Chang Y, Ning M, Gao W, Li T. Glycyrrhizic acid alleviated MI/R-induced injuries by inhibiting Hippo/YAP signaling pathways. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111036. [PMID: 38185229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated that glycyrrhizic acid (GA) exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic characteristics. Using myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury as a case study, this study aims to clarify the functional significance of GA and to elucidate the mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, an MI/R injury model was established both in vivo and in vitro to investigate the impact of GA on MI/R injury. The viability of H9c2 cells was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8. Myocardial damage was assessed through the measurement of creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), HE staining, and MASSON staining. Inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α) were measured to determine the presence of inflammation. Cellular oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring ROS and MMP levels, while cardiac function was assessed using cardiac color Doppler ultrasound. Immunofluorescence staining to determine the nuclear translocation of YAP, TUNEL to determine apoptosis, and western blotting to determine gene expression. RESULTS GA treatment effectively alleviated myocardial injury induced by MI/R, as evidenced by reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and cardiac biomarkers (CK-MB, LDH) in MI/R rats. Moreover, There was a significant increase in cell viability in vitro after GA treatment and inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress, while also increasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in vitro. The Western blot findings indicate that GA treatment effectively suppressed apoptosis in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Additionally, GA demonstrated inhibitory effects on the activation of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway triggered by MI/R and facilitated YAP nuclear translocation both in vitro and in vivo. It has been found, however, in vitro, that silencing the YAP gene negates GA's protective effect against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardial injury. CONCLUSION This study suggests that GA regulates YAP nuclear translocation by inhibiting the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway, which protects ists against MI/R injury. This finding may present a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of MI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Cheng
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin 300170, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yanwu Liu
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin 300170, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingcai Qi
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin 300170, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchao Wang
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin 300170, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin 300170, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin 300170, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Chang
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin 300170, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Ning
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin 300170, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin 300170, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tong Li
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Tianjin ECMO Treatment and Training Base, Tianjin 300170, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.
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Lai T, Shen Y, Chen C, Huang B, Deng T, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Pan X. Glycyrrhizic acid ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174353. [PMID: 34274339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in regulating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats as well as the underlying mechanism. H9c2 cells were subjected to hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) to mimic the MIRI in vitro, while a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was constructed by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 0.5 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion. While flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were performed to analyze apoptosis in cells and myocardial tissue, echocardiography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were conducted to evaluate cardiac function and pathological changes, respectively. The levels of serum CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, TNF-α, and IL-6 as well as the contents of MDA and SOD in tissues were measured by ELISA, while Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins. GA treatment significantly reduced apoptosis in H9c2 cells, while it alleviated left ventricular dysfunction, fibrosis and myocardial apoptosis, down-regulated the levels of CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA, and up-regulated SOD levels in I/R rats. Moreover, GA treatment led to a decrease in the expression of CHOP, GRP78, and p-PERK in both H/R cells and I/R rats. This study demonstrates that cardioprotective role of GA in MIRI may involve the attenuation of ERS-induced apoptosis and inflammation, potentially providing an alternative strategy for intervention of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfang Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The People's Hospital of Hechi, Hechi, China
| | - Chengcai Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Tongyuan Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhaohe Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
| | - Xingshou Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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4
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Chamkhi I, Benali T, Aanniz T, El Menyiy N, Guaouguaou FE, El Omari N, El-Shazly M, Zengin G, Bouyahya A. Plant-microbial interaction: The mechanism and the application of microbial elicitor induced secondary metabolites biosynthesis in medicinal plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:269-295. [PMID: 34391201 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants and microbes interact with each other via different chemical signaling pathways. At the risophere level, the microbes can secrete molecules, called elicitors, which act on their receptors located in plant cells. The so-called elicitor molecules as well as their actions differ according to the mcirobes and induce different bilogical responses in plants such as the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Microbial compounds induced phenotype changes in plants are known as elicitors and signaling pathways which integrate elicitor's signals in plants are called elicitation. In this review, the impact of microbial elicitors on the synthesis and the secretion of secondary metabolites in plants was highlighted. Moreover, biological properties of these bioactive compounds were also highlighted and discussed. Indeed, several bacteria, fungi, and viruses release elicitors which bind to plant cell receptors and mediate signaling pathways involved in secondary metabolites synthesis. Different phytochemical classes such as terpenoids, phenolic acids and flavonoids were synthesized and/or increased in medicinal plants via the action of microbial elicitors. Moreover, these compounds compounds exhibit numerous biological activities and can therefore be explored in drugs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Chamkhi
- Centre GEOPAC, Laboratoire de Geobiodiversite et Patrimoine Naturel, Université Mohammed V de, Institut Scientifique Rabat, Maroc; University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Agrobiosciences Program, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco
| | - Tarik Aanniz
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 6203 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fatima-Ezzahrae Guaouguaou
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
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5
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Xu Z, Jin Y, Gao Z, Zeng Y, Du J, Yan H, Chen X, Ping L, Lin N, Yang B, He Q, Luo P. Autophagic degradation of CCN2 (cellular communication network factor 2) causes cardiotoxicity of sunitinib. Autophagy 2021; 18:1152-1173. [PMID: 34432562 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1965712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive macroautophagy/autophagy is one of the causes of cardiomyocyte death induced by cardiovascular diseases or cancer therapy, yet the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We and other groups previously reported that autophagy might contribute to cardiomyocyte death caused by sunitinib, a tumor angiogenesis inhibitor that is widely used in clinic, which may help to understand the mechanism of autophagy-induced cardiomyocyte death. Here, we found that sunitinib-induced autophagy leads to apoptosis of cardiomyocyte and cardiac dysfunction as the cardiomyocyte-specific Atg7-/+ heterozygous mice are resistant to sunitinib. Sunitinib-induced maladaptive autophagy selectively degrades the cardiomyocyte survival mediator CCN2 (cellular communication network factor 2) through the TOLLIP (toll interacting protein)-mediated endosome-related pathway and cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown of Ccn2 through adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) mimics sunitinib-induced cardiac dysfunction in vivo, suggesting that the autophagic degradation of CCN2 is one of the causes of sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity and death of cardiomyocytes. Remarkably, deletion of Hmgb1 (high mobility group box 1) inhibited sunitinib-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis, and the HMGB1-specific inhibitor glycyrrhizic acid (GA) significantly mitigated sunitinib-induced autophagy, cardiomyocyte death and cardiotoxicity. Our study reveals a novel target protein of autophagic degradation in the regulation of cardiomyocyte death and highlights the pharmacological inhibitor of HMGB1 as an attractive approach for improving the safety of sunitinib-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Ying Jin
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Zizheng Gao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Jiangxia Du
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Li Ping
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Nengming Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China.,Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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6
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Wang Z, Yang L. Chinese herbal medicine: Fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection on all fronts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113869. [PMID: 33485973 PMCID: PMC7825841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly pathogenic virus that has spread rapidly across the entire world. There is a critical need to develop safe and effective drugs, especially broad-spectrum antiviral and organ protection agents in order to treat and prevent this dangerous disease. It is possible that Chinese herbal medicine may play an essential role in the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. AIM OF THE REVIEW We aim to review the use of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 both in vitro and in clinical practice. Our goal was to provide a better understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine and to establish a "Chinese protocol" for the treatment of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically reviewed published research relating to traditional Chinese herbal medicines and the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 from inception to the 6th January 2021 by screening a range of digital databases (Web of Science, bioRxiv, medRxiv, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, X-MOL, Wanfang Data, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, and other resources) and public platforms relating to the management of clinical trials. We included the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, monomer preparations, crude extracts, and formulas for the treatment of COVID-19. RESULTS In mainland China, a range of Chinese herbal medicines have been recognized as very promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, including active ingredients (quercetagetin, osajin, tetrandrine, proscillaridin A, and dihydromyricetin), monomer preparations (xiyanping injection, matrine-sodium chloride injection, diammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules, and sodium aescinate injection), crude extracts (Scutellariae Radix extract and garlic essential oil), and formulas (Qingfei Paidu decoction, Lianhuaqingwen capsules, and Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid). All these agents have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 and have attracted significant attention due to their activities both in vitro and in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS As a key component of the COVID-19 treatment regimen, Chinese herbal medicines have played an irreplaceable role in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The "Chinese protocol" has already demonstrated clear clinical importance. The use of Chinese herbal medicines that are capable of inhibiting SARS-Cov-2 infection may help to address this immediate unmet clinical need and may be attractive to other countries that are also seeking new options for effective COVID-19 treatment. Our analyses suggest that countries outside of China should also consider protocols involving Chinese herbal medicines combat this fast-spreading viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China.
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Guo YZ, Jiang YN, Li YF, Kurihara H, Dai Y, He RR. Clinical Prescription-Protein-Small Molecule-Disease Strategy (CPSD), A New Strategy for Chinese Medicine Development: A Case Study in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1564. [PMID: 32038243 PMCID: PMC6987446 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese medicine is a national treasure that has been passed down for thousands of years in China. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, there are currently four billion people in the world who use Chinese medicine to treat diseases, accounting for 80% of the world's total population. However, the obscurity of its theory, its unmanageable quality, its complex compositions, and the unknown effective substances and mechanisms are great obstacles to the internationalization of Chinese medicine. Here, we propose a new strategy for the development of Chinese medicine: the clinical prescription (C)-protein (P)-small-molecule (S)-disease (D) strategy, namely the CPSD strategy. The strategy uses clinical prescriptions as the source of medicine and uses computer simulation technology to find small-molecule drugs targeting therapeutic proteins for treating specific diseases so as to deepen awareness of the value of Chinese medicine. At the same time, this article takes cardiovascular drug development as an example to introduce the application of CPSD, which will be instrumental in the further development, modernization, and internationalization of Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhi Guo
- Guangdong Province Research and Development Center for Chinese Medicine in Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Nan Jiang
- Guangdong Province Research and Development Center for Chinese Medicine in Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Province Research and Development Center for Chinese Medicine in Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Province Research and Development Center for Chinese Medicine in Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Guangdong Province Research and Development Center for Chinese Medicine in Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Province Research and Development Center for Chinese Medicine in Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Wang S, Li L, Shi L. Identification of a key candidate gene‑phenotype network mediated by glycyrrhizic acid using pharmacogenomic analysis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2657-2666. [PMID: 31322195 PMCID: PMC6691250 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is primarily used as an anti-inflammatory agent in cases of chronic hepatitis. However, its underlying mechanisms in diverse biological processes and its reported benefits are yet to be fully elucidated. In the current study, an analytical method based on pharmacogenomics was established to mine disease-modulatory activities mediated by GA. Five primary protein targets and 138 functional partners were identified for GA by querying open-source databases, including Drugbank and STRING. Subsequently, GA-associated primary and secondary protein targets were integrated into Cytoscape to construct a protein-protein interaction network to establish connectivity. GA-associated target genes were then clustered based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. The tumor necrosis factor axis was revealed to be a primary module regulated by GA-associated targets. Furthermore, 12 hub genes were queried to assess their potential anti-cancer effects using cBioPortal. The results indicated that pharmacogenomics-based analysis improved understanding of the underlying drug-target events of GA and provided predictive and definitive leads for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun Wang
- Xiaoshan Biotechnology Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Long Shi
- Xiaoshan Biotechnology Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, P.R. China
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Allawadhi P, Khurana A, Sayed N, Kumari P, Godugu C. Isoproterenol-induced cardiac ischemia and fibrosis: Plant-based approaches for intervention. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1908-1932. [PMID: 30009418 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heart is the most active and incumbent organ of the body, which maintains blood flow, but due to various pathological reasons, several acute and chronic cardiac complications arise out of which myocardial infarction is one of the teething problems. Isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial ischemia is a classical model to screen the cardioprotective effects of various pharmacological interventions. Phytochemicals present a novel option for treating various human maladies including those of the heart. A large number of plant products and their active ingredients have been screened for efficacy in ameliorating ISP-induced myocardial ischemia including coriander, curcumin, Momordica, quercetin, and Withania somnifera. These phytochemicals constituents may play key role in preventing disease and help in cardiac remodeling. Reactive oxygen species scavenging, antiinflammatory, and modulation of various molecular pathways such as Nrf2, NFкB, p-21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1), and p-smad2/3 signaling modulation have been implicated behind the claimed protection. In this review, we have provided a focused overview on the utility of ISP-induced cardiotoxicity, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac fibrosis for preclinical research. In addition, we have also surveyed molecular mechanism of various plant-based interventions screened for cardioprotective effect in ISP-induced cardiotoxicity, and their probable mechanistic profile is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Nilofer Sayed
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Preeti Kumari
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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