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Jiang T, Wang A, Wen G, Qi H, Gu Y, Tang W, Xu C, Ren S, Zhang S, Liu S, He Y. Calycosin promotes axon growth by inhibiting PTPRS and alleviates spinal cord injury. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:60. [PMID: 38904846 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Our former studies have identified the alleviating effect of Calycosin (CA) on spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, our purpose is to explore the influence of CA on SCI from the perspective of promoting axon growth. The SCI animal model was constructed by spinal cord compression, wherein rat primary cortex neuronal isolation was performed, and the axonal growth restriction cell model was established via chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) treatment. The expressions of axon regeneration markers were measured via immunofluorescent staining and western blot, and the direct target of CA was examined using silver staining. Finally, the expression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type S (PTPRS) was assessed using western blot. CA treatment increased neuronal process outgrowth and the expressions of axon regeneration markers, such as neurofilament H (NF-H), vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGlut1), and synaptophysin (Syn) in both SCI model rats and CSPG-treated primary cortical neurons, and PTPRS levels were elevated after SCI induction. In addition, PTPRS was the direct target of CA, and according to in vivo findings, exposure to CA reduced the PTPRS content. Furthermore, PTPRS overexpression inhibited CA's enhancement of axon regeneration marker content and neuronal axon lengths. CA improves SCI by increasing axon development through regulating PTPRS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, Hainan Province, China
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Aitao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guangyu Wen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, Hainan Province, China
| | - Hao Qi
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yuntao Gu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wenhai Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chunzhao Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shanwu Ren
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shunli Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shengxing Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Yongxiong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, Hainan Province, China.
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Li M, Hasiqiqige, Huan Y, Wang X, Tao M, Jiang T, Xie H, Jisiguleng W, Xing W, Zhu Z, Wang A, He Y. Calycosin ameliorates spinal cord injury by targeting Hsp90 to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis of nerve cells. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 127:102190. [PMID: 36402284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zhenbao pill is effective in protecting against spinal cord injury (SCI). We attempt to explore the characteristics of calycosin (a main monomer of Zhenbao pill) in SCI and its relative mechanism. METHODS The target of calycosin was screened using pharmacological network analysis. The SCI cell model was constructed using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the animal model was developed by compressing spinal cord with a vascular clamp. Flow cytometry was conducted to test reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cell apoptosis. Detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were performed using relative kits. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) was examined using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Motor function tests were carried out. The hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining were conducted. RESULTS In SCI models, ROS, MDA, and cell apoptosis were elevated, SOD and HSP90 levels were restrained, while calycosin addition reversed the above results. Besides, calycosin application or HSP90 overexpression enhanced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) but weakened that of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and p38, while HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG treatment restrained the above results. Meanwhile, the injection of calycosin improved the motor function in SCI model rats. Furthermore, the pathologic results also clarified the positive effect of calycosin on SCI. CONCLUSION HSP90 was lowly expressed in SCI models. Calycosin alleviated SCI by promoting HSP90 up-regulation and inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis of nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311 Hainan Province, China
| | - Hasiqiqige
- Inner Mongolia innovative Engineering Research Center, Hohhot, 010060 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanqiang Huan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mingkai Tao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tianqi Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongbin Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wu Jisiguleng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhibo Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Aitao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Yongxiong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216 Hainan Province, China.
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Wang C, Ma H, Zhang B, Hua T, Wang H, Wang L, Han L, Li Q, Wu W, Sun Y, Yang H, Lu X. Inhibition of IL1R1 or CASP4 attenuates spinal cord injury through ameliorating NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963582. [PMID: 35990672 PMCID: PMC9389052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating trauma characterized by serious neuroinflammation and permanent neurological dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism of SCI remains unclear, and few effective medical therapies are available at present. In this study, multiple bioinformatics methods were used to screen out novel targets for SCI, and the mechanism of these candidates during the progression of neuroinflammation as well as the therapeutic effects were both verified in a rat model of traumatic SCI. As a result, CASP4, IGSF6 and IL1R1 were identified as the potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for SCI by computational analysis, which were enriched in NF-κB and IL6-JAK-STATA3 signaling pathways. In the injured spinal cord, these three signatures were up-regulated and closely correlated with NLRP3 inflammasome formation and gasdermin D (GSDMD) -induced pyroptosis. Intrathecal injection of inhibitors of IL1R1 or CASP4 improved the functional recovery of SCI rats and decreased the expression of these targets and inflammasome component proteins, such as NLRP3 and GSDMD. This treatment also inhibited the pp65 activation into the nucleus and apoptosis progression. In conclusion, our findings of the three targets shed new light on the pathogenesis of SCI, and the use of immunosuppressive agents targeting these proteins exerted anti-inflammatory effects against spinal cord inflammation by inhibiting NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thus blocking GSDMD -induced pyroptosis and immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongdao Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangke Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qisheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haisong Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuhua Lu, ; Haisong Yang,
| | - Xuhua Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuhua Lu, ; Haisong Yang,
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Jia Y, Chen X, Chen Y, Li H, Ma X, Xing W, Zhao K. Zhenbao pill attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114020. [PMID: 33716080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Zhenbao pill (ZBP) is composed of 29 traditional Chinese medicines and has been proven to exhibit a valid therapeutic effect in nervous system diseases, such as stroke and hemiplegia sequelae. AIM OF THE STUDY Whether ZBP has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells remains unknown. In this study, we established hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as an in vitro model to investigate the pharmacological effects of ZBP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the intragastric administration of ZBP (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg for seven days) in rats, drug-containing serum was obtained and cultivated with HUVECs before H2O2 treatment. The viability of HUVECs in the presence of H2O2 was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, we estimated the effects of ZBP on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Autophagic puncta were detected using a fluorescence microscope. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression levels of several genes associated with apoptosis and autophagy. RESULTS Drug-containing serum separated from rats at 1 h after intragastric administration of ZBP (0.5 g/kg) significantly offered a protective effect to HUVECs and reduced cell apoptosis rates. Meanwhile, ZBP-containing serum also repressed ROS production induced by H2O2 exposure and maintained MMP. Further investigation revealed that ZBP-containing serum effectively reduced the accumulation of autophagic puncta. ZBP-mediated inhibition on cell autophagy was found to contribute to ameliorating cell apoptosis. Western blotting also confirmed that ZBP maintained AKT and mTOR phosphorylation and antagonized the imbalance of BCL2/BAX, thereby protecting cells from apoptosis. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data indicate that ZBP inhibits ROS production, mitochondrial damage, cell autophagy, and cell apoptosis. ZBP can offer protection to vascular endothelial cells against oxidative injury through the antagonism of apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, this study enhances the understanding of the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ZBP in the process of recovery from myocardial and cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010070, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010059, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010059, PR China
| | - Yajing Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010059, PR China
| | - Hongxia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010070, PR China
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010059, PR China
| | - Wanjin Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010070, PR China.
| | - Kai Zhao
- Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010030, PR China.
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Wu Y, Wen J, Man C. Immune function of miR-214 and its application prospects as molecular marker. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10924. [PMID: 33628646 PMCID: PMC7894119 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of evolutionary conserved non-coding small RNAs that play key regulatory roles at the post-transcriptional level. In recent years, studies have shown that miR-214 plays an important role in regulating several biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, tumorigenesis, inflammation and immunity, and it has become a hotspot in the miRNA field. In this review, the regulatory functions of miR-214 in the proliferation, differentiation and functional activities of immune-related cells, such as dendritic cells, T cells and NK cells, were briefly reviewed. Also, the mechanisms of miR-214 involved in tumor immunity, inflammatory regulation and antivirus were discussed. Finally, the value and application prospects of miR-214 as a molecular marker in inflammation and tumor related diseases were analyzed briefly. We hope it can provide reference for further study on the mechanism and application of miR-214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiru Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Wen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaolai Man
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
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Lu Y, Yang J, Wang X, Ma Z, Li S, Liu Z, Fan X. Research progress in use of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110136. [PMID: 32335299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious central nervous system disorder caused by trauma that has gradually become a major challenge in clinical medical research. As an important branch of worldwide medical research, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is rapidly moving towards a path of reform and innovation. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews research related to existing TCM treatments for SCI, with the aims of identifying deficits and shortcomings within the field, and proposing feasible alternative prospects. METHODS All data and conclusions in this paper were obtained from articles published by peers in relevant fields. PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were searched for relevant articles. Results regarding TCM for SCI were identified and retrieved, then manually classified and selected for inclusion in this review. RESULTS The literature search identified a total of 652 articles regarding TCM for SCI. Twenty-eight treatments (16 active ingredients, nine herbs, and three compound prescriptions) were selected from these articles; the treatments have been used for the prevention and treatment of SCI. In general, these treatments involved antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and/or antiapoptotic effects of TCM compounds. CONCLUSIONS This paper showed that TCM treatments can serve as promising auxiliary therapies for functional recovery of patients with SCI. These findings will contribute to the development of diversified treatments for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xuexi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Sheng Li
- Lanzhou First People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, China
| | - Xuegong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Madadi S, Schwarzenbach H, Saidijam M, Mahjub R, Soleimani M. Potential microRNA-related targets in clearance pathways of amyloid-β: novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:91. [PMID: 31749959 PMCID: PMC6852943 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance between amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide synthesis and clearance results in Aβ deregulation. Failure to clear these peptides appears to cause the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, microRNAs have become established key regulators of biological processes that relate among others to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. This review article gives an overview on microRNAs that are involved in the Aβ cascade and discusses their inhibitory impact on their target mRNAs whose products participate in Aβ clearance. Understanding of the mechanism of microRNA in the associated signal pathways could identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Madadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Mahjub
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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He Y, Li M, Wujisiguleng, Lv B, Huan Y, Liu B, Wang D, Yu H, Zhang L, Shi Z. Zhenbao Pill reduces Treg cell proportion in acute spinal cord injury rats by regulating TUG1/ miR-214/HSP27 axis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180895. [PMID: 30287503 PMCID: PMC6239275 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the weakest pathologies that seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Objective: To study the mechanism of how Zhenbao Pill reduces Treg cell proportion and improves acute SCI. Methods: A rat SCI model was established. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the Treg cell proportion. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down were applied in confirming taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) and miR-214 binding. Intrathecal injection of TUG1 siRNA was also conducted to determine the effect of TUG1 in vivoResults: Zhenbao Pill promoted the expression of TUG1 and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) protein, and reduced the expression of miR-214 and forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) as well as Treg cell proportion in a concentration-dependent manner in SCI rats or in vitro cultured CD4+ T cells. Knockdown of TUG1 reversed the high protein expression of HSP27 and the inhibition of Treg cell proportion as well as Foxp3 protein induced by Zhenbao Pill, and miR-214 inhibitor canceled the TUG1 knockdown effect. Further, miR-214 mimic reversed the inhibition of Treg cell proportion and Foxp3 protein expression by Zhenbao Pill, which was abolished by the overexpression of HSP27. The mechanism was validated in animal experiments. Conclusion: Zhenbao Pill regulated TUG1/miR-214/HSP27 signaling pathway to reduce Treg cell proportion and thus relieve acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mingdong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Wujisiguleng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bokang Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanqiang Huan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia, China
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