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Gao X, Wang S, Shen S, Wang S, Xie M, Storey KB, Yu C, Lefai E, Song W, Chang H, Yang C. Differential bone remodeling mechanism in hindlimb unloaded and hibernating Daurian ground squirrels: a comparison between artificial and natural disuse within the same species. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:329-350. [PMID: 36988658 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Loss of bone mass can occur in mammals after prolonged disuse but the situation for hibernators that are in a state of torpor for many months of the year is not yet fully understood. The present study assesses the bone remodeling mechanisms present in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during hibernation as compared with a model of hindlimb disuse. Differences in microstructure, mechanical properties, bone remodeling-related proteins (Runx2, OCN, ALP, RANKL, CTK and MMP-9) and key proteins of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (GSK-3β and phospho-β-catenin) were evaluated in ground squirrels under 3 conditions: summer active (SA) vs. hibernation (HIB) vs. hindlimb unloaded (HLU). The results indicated that the body weight in HLU ground squirrels was lower than the SA group, and the middle tibia diameter in the HLU group was lower than that in SA and HIB groups. The thickness of cortical and trabecular bone in femurs from HLU ground squirrels was lower than in SA and HIB groups. Most parameters of the tibia in the HLU group were lower than those in SA and HIB groups, which indicated cortical bone loss in ground squirrels. Moreover, our data showed that the changes in microscopic parameters in the femur were more obvious than those in the tibia in HLU and HIB ground squirrels. The levels of Runx2 and ALP were lower in HLU ground squirrels than SA and HIB groups. The protein levels of OCN were unchanged in the three groups, but the protein levels of ALP were lower in the HLU group than in SA and HIB groups. RANKL, CTK and MMP-9 protein levels were significantly decreased in tibia of HLU ground squirrels as compared with SA and HIB groups. In addition, the protein expression levels of RANKL, CTK and MMP-9 showed no statistical difference between SA and HIB ground squirrels. Thus, the mechanisms involved in the balance between bone formation and resorption in hibernating and hindlimb unloading ground squirrels may be different. The present study showed that in femur, the Wnt signaling pathway was inhibited, the protein level of GSK-3β was increased, and the protein expression of phospho-β-catenin was decreased in the HIB group as compared with the SA group, which indicates that the Wnt signaling pathway has a great influence on the femur of the HIB group. In conclusion, the natural anti-osteoporosis properties of Daurian ground squirrels are seasonal. The squirrels do not experience bone loss when they are inactive for a long time during hibernation, but the mechanisms of anti-osteoporosis did not work in HLU summer active squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Manjiang Xie
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Caiyong Yu
- Military Medical Innovation Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Etienne Lefai
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UMR 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Wenqian Song
- Northwest University Hospital, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changbin Yang
- Military Medical Innovation Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Liao Z, Xiao M, Chen J, Yang Y, Lyu Q, Zhou J, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Fan Z, Yu J, Wu Y, Chen Q, Wu J, Xiao Q. CHRNA1 induced sarcopenia through neuromuscular synaptic elimination. Exp Gerontol 2022; 166:111891. [PMID: 35809807 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia seriously affects the quality of life of the elderly, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Degeneration in muscle innervation is related to age-related movement disorders and muscle atrophy. The expression of CHRNA1 is increased in the skeletal muscle of the elderly, and in aging rodents. Therefore, we investigated whether CHRNA1 induces the occurrence and development of sarcopenia. Compared with the control group, local injection of AAV9-CHRNA1 into the hindlimb muscles decreased the percentage of muscle innervation. At the same time, the skeletal muscle mass decreased, as manifested by a decrease in the gastrocnemius mass index and the cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers. The function of skeletal muscle also decreased, which was manifested by decreases of compound muscle action potential and muscle contractility. Therefore, we concluded that upregulation of CHRNA1 can induce and aggravate sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Minghan Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, 401147 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfei Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Lyu
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Clinic, Chongqing Medical And Pharmaceutical College, No. 82, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxing Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Yongxin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Qiunan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Jianghao Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Friendship Road 1, Yuan Jiagang, 400016 Chongqing, China.
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Gao X, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang S, Bai F, Liang J, Wu J, Wang H, Gao Y, Chang H. Differential bone remodeling mechanism in hindlimb unloaded rats and hibernating Daurian ground squirrels: a comparison between artificial and natural disuse. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:793-814. [PMID: 34002279 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine that differential bone remodeling mechanism (especially Wnt signaling) in hindlimb unloaded rats and hibernating Daurian ground squirrels, the bone microstructure, mechanical properties, and expression levels of bone remodeling related proteins and key proteins of Wnt/β-catenin signaling were analyzed in this study. The thickness of cortical and trabecular bone was decreased in femur of hindlimb unloaded rats, while it was maintained in femur of hibernating ground squirrels. Interestingly, the ultimate bending energy and ultimate normalized displacement were reduced and the bending rigidity was increased in tibia of hibernating ground squirrels. Besides, the protein level of Runx2 was decreased in femur and tibia of unloaded rats, while it was maintained in tibia and even increased in femur of hibernating ground squirrels. The protein levels of RANKL and MMP-9 were increased in femur and tibia in unloaded rats, while they were maintained in both femur and tibia of hibernating ground squirrels. The protein level of GSK-3β was increased in femur and tibia of unloaded rats, while it was maintained in both femur and tibia of hibernating ground squirrels. The phospho-β-catenin expression was increased in both femur and tibia of unloaded rats, while it was only decreased in femur, but maintained in tibia of hibernating ground squirrels. In conclusion, the femur and tibia in hindlimb unloaded rats showed obvious bone loss, while they mitigated disuse-induced bone loss in hibernating ground squirrels, involving differential protein expression of key molecules in bone remodeling. In comparison with hindlimb unloaded rats, promoting osteoblast differentiation through activating canonical GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling involving Runx2 might be an adaptation to natural disuse in femur of hibernating Daurian ground squirrels. However, there was no statistical change in the protein levels of bone formation related proteins, GSK-3β and phospho-β-catenin in tibia of hibernating Daurian ground squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Chang H, Yin R, Xu S, Wang H, Gao Y. A temporal study on musculoskeletal morphology and metabolism in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). Bone 2021; 144:115826. [PMID: 33348129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hibernators provide a natural model to study the mechanisms underlying the prevention of disuse-induced musculoskeletal deterioration. Currently, however, these mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated changes in morphology and metabolic indices in the hindlimb skeletal muscle and bone of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during different periods of hibernation, and further explored the possible mechanisms involved in the musculoskeletal maintenance of hibernators after prolonged inactivity. Results showed that, compared with levels in the summer active group (SA), almost all morphological indices of skeletal muscle and bone, including muscle mass, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, bone mass, bone length, and bone mechanical properties, were unchanged in the different periods of hibernation. Only a few microstructural parameters of bone showed deterioration in the post-hibernation group (POST), including increased specific bone surface (+71%), decreased trabecular thickness (-43%), and decreased average cortical thickness (-51%) in the tibia, and increased trabecular separation (+60%) in the femur. Furthermore, most examined metabolic indices involved in muscle protein turnover and bone remodeling were unchanged, except for several indices in the inter-bout arousal group (IBA), i.e., increase in the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) (IBA vs. SA, +80%) in the vastus medialis muscle, increase in chymotrypsin-like activity (IBA vs. SA, +62%) in the tibialis anterior muscle, increase in osteoblast number (IBA vs. SA, +110%; IBA vs. torpor (TOR), +68%) and osteoclast number (IBA vs. TOR, +105%) per bone surface in the tibia, and increase in osteoclast surface per bone surface (IBA vs. TOR, +128%) in the femur. The above evidence demonstrates that the musculoskeletal morphology of squirrels was largely preserved, and musculoskeletal metabolism was generally maintained after prolonged hibernation inactivity. These findings suggest that the well-maintained musculoskeletal metabolism may be a vital mechanism underlying the preservation of the musculoskeletal system during hibernation. The coincident up-regulation of several metabolic indicators during IBA indicates that musculoskeletal metabolism may be relatively active during this period; however, its role in musculoskeletal maintenance during hibernation needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Rongrong Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Cui Q, Yang H, Gu Y, Zong C, Chen X, Lin Y, Sun H, Shen Y, Zhu J. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of gene expression provides new insights into hindlimb unloading-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 8:1595. [PMID: 33437794 PMCID: PMC7791259 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Weightlessness-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, accompanied by complex biochemical and physiological changes, has potentially damaged consequences. However, there is still an insufficient effective strategy to treat skeletal muscle atrophy. Therefore, exploring the molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle atrophy and effective protection is necessary. Methods RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was used to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the soleus muscle at 12, 24, 36 hours, three days, and seven days after hindlimb unloading in rats. Pearson correlation heatmaps and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to analyze DEGs’ expression profiles. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used for cluster analysis of DEGs. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to analyze specific biological processes further. Results At different time points (12, 24, 36 hours, three days, seven days) after hindlimb unloading, the expression levels of 712, 1,109, 1,433, 1,162, and 1,182 genes in rat soleus muscle were upregulated, respectively, whereas the expression levels of 1,186, 1,324, 1,632, 1,446, and 1,596 genes were downregulated, respectively. PCA revealed that rat soleus muscle showed three different transcriptional phases within seven days after hindlimb unloading. KEGG and GO annotation indicated that the first transcriptional phase primarily involved the activation of stress responses, including oxidative stress, and the inhibition of cell proliferation and angiogenesis; the second transcriptional phase primarily involved the activation of proteolytic systems and, to a certain degree, inflammatory responses; and the third transcriptional phase primarily involved extensive activation of the proteolytic system, significant inhibition of energy metabolism, and activation of the aging process and slow-to-fast muscle conversion. Conclusions Different physiological processes in rat skeletal muscles were activated sequentially after unloading. From these activated biological processes, the three transcriptional phases after skeletal muscle unloading can be successively defined as the stress response phase, the atrophic initiation phase, and the atrophic phase. Our study not only helps in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying weightlessness-induced muscle atrophy but may also provide an important time window for the treatment and prevention of weightlessness-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Binhai County, Yancheng, China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chenyu Zong
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yinghao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Mirzoev TM. Skeletal Muscle Recovery from Disuse Atrophy: Protein Turnover Signaling and Strategies for Accelerating Muscle Regrowth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217940. [PMID: 33114683 PMCID: PMC7663166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers have a unique capacity to adjust their metabolism and phenotype in response to alternations in mechanical loading. Indeed, chronic mechanical loading leads to an increase in skeletal muscle mass, while prolonged mechanical unloading results in a significant decrease in muscle mass (muscle atrophy). The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is dependent on the balance between rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. While molecular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis during mechanical unloading have been relatively well studied, signaling events implicated in protein turnover during skeletal muscle recovery from unloading are poorly defined. A better understanding of the molecular events that underpin muscle mass recovery following disuse-induced atrophy is of significant importance for both clinical and space medicine. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in the activation of protein synthesis and subsequent restoration of muscle mass after a period of mechanical unloading. In addition, the efficiency of strategies proposed to improve muscle protein gain during recovery is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur M Mirzoev
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow 123007, Russia
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7
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Vikne H, Strøm V, Pripp AH, Gjøvaag T. Human skeletal muscle fiber type percentage and area after reduced muscle use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1298-1317. [PMID: 32281690 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this systematic review was to examine the effect of reduced muscle activity on the relative number of type 1 muscle fibers (%) in the human vastus lateralis muscle. Other objectives were changes in type 2A and 2X percentages and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. We conducted systematic literature searches in eight databases and included studies assessing type 1 fiber percentage visualized by ATPase or immunohistochemical staining before and after a period (≥14 days) of reduced muscle activity. The reduced muscle activity models were detraining, leg unloading, and bed rest. Forty-two studies comprising 451 participants were included. Effect sizes were calculated as the mean difference between baseline and follow-up and Generic Inverse Variance tests with random-effects models were used for the weighted summary effect size. Overall, the mean type 1 muscle fiber percentage was significantly reduced after interventions (-1.94%-points, 95% CI [-3.37, -0.51], P = .008), with no significant differences between intervention models (P = .86). Meta-regression showed no effect of study duration on type 1 fiber percentage (P = .98). Conversely, the overall type 2X fiber percentage increased after reduced muscle activity (P < .001). The CSA of the muscle fiber types decreased after the study period (all P-values < 0.001) with greater reductions in type 2 than type 1 fibers (P < .001). The result of this meta-analysis display that the type 1 muscle fiber percentage decrease as a result of reduced muscle activity, although the effect size is relatively small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Vikne
- National Advisory Unit on Occupational Rehabilitation, Rauland, Norway
| | - Vegard Strøm
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Are Hugo Pripp
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Gjøvaag
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Qaisar R, Karim A, Elmoselhi AB. Muscle unloading: A comparison between spaceflight and ground-based models. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13431. [PMID: 31840423 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged unloading of skeletal muscle, a common outcome of events such as spaceflight, bed rest and hindlimb unloading, can result in extensive metabolic, structural and functional changes in muscle fibres. With advancement in investigations of cellular and molecular mechanisms, understanding of disuse muscle atrophy has significantly increased. However, substantial gaps exist in our understanding of the processes dictating muscle plasticity during unloading, which prevent us from developing effective interventions to combat muscle loss. This review aims to update the status of knowledge and underlying mechanisms leading to cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle during unloading. We have also discussed advances in the understanding of contractile dysfunction during spaceflights and in ground-based models of muscle unloading. Additionally, we have elaborated on potential therapeutic interventions that show promising results in boosting muscle mass and strength during mechanical unloading. Finally, we have identified key gaps in our knowledge as well as possible research direction for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
| | - Asima Karim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
| | - Adel B. Elmoselhi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
- Department of Physiology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
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Zhang J, Li X, Ismail F, Xu S, Wang Z, Peng X, Yang C, Chang H, Wang H, Gao Y. Priority Strategy of Intracellular Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle Fibers During the Multiple Stresses of Hibernation. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010042. [PMID: 31877883 PMCID: PMC7016685 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
: Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis plays a vital role in the preservation of skeletal muscle. In view of the well-maintained skeletal muscle found in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during hibernation, we hypothesized that hibernators possess unique strategies of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, cytoplasmic, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, as well as the potential Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms, were investigated in skeletal muscle fibers of Daurian ground squirrels at different stages of hibernation. The results showed that cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels increased in the skeletal muscle fibers during late torpor (LT) and inter-bout arousal (IBA), and partially recovered when the animals re-entered torpor (early torpor, ET). Furthermore, compared with levels in the summer active or pre-hibernation state, the activity and protein expression levels of six major Ca2+ channels/proteins were up-regulated during hibernation, including the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1), SR Ca2+ ATPase 1 (SERCA1), mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCU complex), and calmodulin (CALM). Among these, the increased extracellular Ca2+ influx mediated by SOCE, SR Ca2+ release mediated by RyR1, and mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion mediated by LETM1 may be triggers for the periodic elevation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels observed during hibernation. Furthermore, the increased SR Ca2+ uptake through SERCA1, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake induced by MCU, and elevated free Ca2+ binding capacity mediated by CALM may be vital strategies in hibernating ground squirrels to attenuate cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and restore Ca2+ homeostasis during hibernation. Compared with that in LT or IBA, the decreased extracellular Ca2+ influx mediated by SOCE and elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake induced by MCU may be important mechanisms for the partial cytoplasmic Ca2+ recovery in ET. Overall, under extreme conditions, hibernating ground squirrels still possess the ability to maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Human Functional Genomics Laboratory, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
| | - Fazeela Ismail
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Hui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Huiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.G.)
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10
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Chang H, Peng X, Yan X, Zhang J, Xu S, Wang H, Wang Z, Ma X, Gao Y. Autophagy and Akt-mTOR signaling display periodic oscillations during torpor-arousal cycles in oxidative skeletal muscle of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). J Comp Physiol B 2019; 190:113-123. [PMID: 31729534 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Whether hibernation accelerates or suppresses autophagy is still unknown. In the current study, we examined changes in autophagy in oxidative soleus (SOL) muscle in summer active (SA), pre-hibernation (PRE), torpor (TOR), interbout arousal (IBA), and post-hibernation groups of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). Here, the SOL muscle showed no significant atrophy during hibernation in regard to muscle wet weight, fiber cross-sectional area, or MuRF1 protein level. Autophagy-related proteins beclin1 and Atg7 increased significantly, whereas LC3-II decreased significantly in the PRE group compared with the SA group. However, neither the expression nor activity of cathepsin L showed any differences between the SA and PRE groups. In addition, beclin1, LC3-II, and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio increased, p62 decreased, LC3 puncta increased, p62 puncta decreased, and cathepsin L activity increased in the TOR group compared with the PRE group. In contrast, beclin1, LC3-II, and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio decreased, p62 increased, LC3 puncta decreased, p62 puncta increased, and cathepsin L activity declined in the IBA group compared with the TOR group. Moreover, the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and mTOR (Ser2448) changed significantly during hibernation and showed an inverse relationship with autophagy changes. In conclusion, autophagy proteins displayed periodic oscillation in the torpor-arousal cycle, which may be advantageous in maintaining SOL muscle mass during the entire hibernation period. Furthermore, the Akt-mTOR signaling was decreased in TOR and increased in IBA group in the SOL muscle of Daurian ground squirrels during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zou L, Liu X, Li J, Li W, Zhang L, Li J, Zhang J. Tetramethylpyrazine Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Paclitaxel by Inhibiting Angiogenesis and Inducing Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:707. [PMID: 31293426 PMCID: PMC6603208 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent published findings have demonstrated the effectiveness of combining molecules from traditional Chinese medicine with chemotherapeutic drugs to treat cancer. Combined administration of these agents can overcome drug-mitigating responses as well as reduce adverse side effects, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the therapy. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), an alkaloid monomer from the medicinal herb Ligusticum chuanxiong hort, is known to exert a variety of antitumor effects including inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this research, we investigated antitumor effects of TMP combined with paclitaxel (PTX), a frontline chemotherapeutic drug, in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that TMP enhances the antitumor effects of PTX in ovarian cancer A2780 and SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, we found that combined treatment of TMP and PTX suppressed angiogenesis by inhibiting both ERK1/2 and Akt pathways and promoted apoptosis of tumor cells compared to TMP or PTX treatment alone. Moreover, TMP augmented the antitumor effects of PTX in ovarian cancer A2780 xenograft mouse models by significantly decreasing tumor burden and partially decreasing the toxicity of PTX, as evidenced by the decreased expression of proliferation and angiogenesis markers as well as the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and biochemical indexes assay. Overall, our findings provide novel mechanistic insight into the efficacy of combining of potent molecules present in traditional Chinese medicine with chemotherapeutic drugs for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zou
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Li
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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12
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Ma X, Chang H, Wang Z, Xu S, Peng X, Zhang J, Yan X, Lei T, Wang H, Gao Y. Differential activation of the calpain system involved in individualized adaptation of different fast-twitch muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:328-341. [PMID: 31219776 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00124.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), plantaris (PL), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles to determine whether differential activation of the calpain system is related to the degree of atrophy in these fast-twitch skeletal muscles during hibernation in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). Results from morphological indices showed various degrees of atrophy in the order LG > PL > EDL. Furthermore, all three muscles underwent fast-to-slow fiber-type conversion in hibernation. In regard to the calpain system in the LG muscle, cytosolic Ca2+ increased significantly in hibernation, followed by recovery in posthibernation. Furthermore, calpastatin expression significantly decreased, and calpain 1 and 2 expression significantly increased, which may be responsible for the increased degradation of desmin during hibernation compared with that during summer activity. In the EDL muscle, Ca2+ overload was observed during interbout arousal, and calpastatin showed an increase during hibernation and interbout arousal, which could explain the increased levels of troponin T during both periods compared with levels during summer activity. These findings suggest that cytosolic Ca2+ overload and subsequent calpain 1 and 2 activation may be an important mechanism of LG muscle atrophy during hibernation. Cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis and high expression of calpain inhibitor calpastatin during hibernation may also be an important mechanism for the EDL muscle to maintain muscle mass. Thus, the differential activation of the calpain system and selective degradation of downstream substrates may be involved in muscle atrophy of different fast-twitch muscles during hibernation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that the extent of both muscle atrophy and calpain system activation differed in fast-twitch lateral gastrocnemius (LG), plantaris (PL), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) skeletal muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels, but similar hierarchies in the order of LG > PL > EDL. The differential activation of the calpain system and selective degradation of downstream substrates may be involved in muscle atrophy in different fast-twitch muscles during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingyun Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
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13
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Zhang J, Wei Y, Qu T, Wang Z, Xu S, Peng X, Yan X, Chang H, Wang H, Gao Y. Prosurvival roles mediated by the PERK signaling pathway effectively prevent excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced skeletal muscle loss during high-stress conditions of hibernation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19728-19739. [PMID: 30941772 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stress conditions like hypoxia, ischemia, and ischemia/reperfusion can trigger excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), which can lead to cell apoptosis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in non-hibernators. However, although hibernators experience multiple stress conditions during hibernation, their skeletal muscles appear to be well protected. We hypothesize that hibernators effectively avoid cell apoptosis, at least partially, by controlling ERS level. Here, we focused on the potential occurrence of ERS and how hibernators cope with it during different hibernation states. Results indicated that the protein expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated PKR-like ER protein kinase, phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), and activating transcription factor 4 were significantly increased during hibernation, but primarily recovered in posthibernation. In the torpor-arousal cycle, the expression levels of the above indicators were lower during inter-bout arousal (IBA) than that during late torpor (LT). However, there was no change in C/EBP homologous protein expression and no apoptosis in skeletal muscles during the different hibernation states. In conclusion, the upregulation of p-eIF2α and GRP78 were identified as two crucial mechanisms mediated by the PERK signaling pathway to alleviate elevated ERS. The downregulation of ERS during IBA may be a unique countermeasure for hibernating squirrels to prevent excessive ERS. Thus, these special anti-excessive ERS abilities of ground squirrels contribute to the prevention of skeletal muscle cell apoptosis during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Qu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Muscle-specific activation of calpain system in hindlimb unloading rats and hibernating Daurian ground squirrels: a comparison between artificial and natural disuse. J Comp Physiol B 2018; 188:863-876. [PMID: 30039299 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-018-1176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether the regulation of calpain system is involved in non-hibernators and hibernators in disused condition, the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were used for investigating the muscle mass, the ratio of muscle wet weight/body weight (MWW/BW), fiber-type distribution, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and the protein expression of MuRF1, calpain-1, calpain-2, calpastatin, desmin, troponin T, and troponin C in hindlimb unloading rats and hibernating Daurian ground squirrels. The muscle mass, MWW/BW, and fiber CSA were found significantly decreased in SOL and EDL of hindlimb unloading rats, but unchanged in hibernating ground squirrels. The MuRF1 expression was increased in both SOL and EDL of unloading rats, while it was only increased in SOL, but maintained in EDL of hibernating ground squirrels. The expression levels of calpain-1 and calpain-2 were increased in different degrees in unloaded SOL and EDL in rats, while they were maintained in EDL and even reduced in SOL of hibernating ground squirrels. Besides, the expression of calpastatin was decreased in unloaded rats, but increased in hibernating ground squirrels. The desmin expression was decreased in unloaded rats, but maintained in hibernating squirrels. Interestingly, the levels of troponin T and troponin C were decreased in both SOL and EDL of unloaded rats, but increased in hibernating ground squirrels with muscle-type specificity. In conclusion, differential calpain activation and substrate-selective degradation in slow and fast muscles are involved in the mechanisms of muscle atrophy of unloaded rats and remarkable ability of muscle maintenance of hibernating ground squirrels.
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15
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Wei Y, Gong L, Fu W, Xu S, Wang Z, Zhang J, Ning E, Chang H, Wang H, Gao Y. Unexpected regulation pattern of the IKKβ/NF‐κB/MuRF1 pathway with remarkable muscle plasticity in the Daurian ground squirrel (
Spermophilus dauricus
). J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8711-8722. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Lingchen Gong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Er Ning
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Hui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Huiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
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16
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Gao Y, Arfat Y, Wang H, Goswami N. Muscle Atrophy Induced by Mechanical Unloading: Mechanisms and Potential Countermeasures. Front Physiol 2018; 9:235. [PMID: 29615929 PMCID: PMC5869217 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged periods of skeletal muscle inactivity or mechanical unloading (bed rest, hindlimb unloading, immobilization, spaceflight and reduced step) can result in a significant loss of musculoskeletal mass, size and strength which ultimately lead to muscle atrophy. With advancement in understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in disuse skeletal muscle atrophy, several different signaling pathways have been studied to understand their regulatory role in this process. However, substantial gaps exist in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved, as well as their functional significance. This review aims to update the current state of knowledge and the underlying cellular mechanisms related to skeletal muscle loss during a variety of unloading conditions, both in humans and animals. Recent advancements in understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms, including IGF1-Akt-mTOR, MuRF1/MAFbx, FOXO, and potential triggers of disuse atrophy, such as calcium overload and ROS overproduction, as well as their role in skeletal muscle protein adaptation to disuse is emphasized. We have also elaborated potential therapeutic countermeasures that have shown promising results in preventing and restoring disuse-induced muscle loss. Finally, identified are the key challenges in this field as well as some future prospectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yasir Arfat
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Unit, Otto Loewi Center of Research for Vascular Biology, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Liu W, Liu K, Zhang S, Shan L, Tang J. Tetramethylpyrazine Showed Therapeutic Effects on Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Protein Kinase RNA-Like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (PERK) Signaling-Induced Apoptosis of Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1225-1231. [PMID: 29488473 PMCID: PMC5841188 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening complication of sepsis. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has been used in the clinical treatment of vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and possible involved mechanisms on ALI. Material/Methods Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to establish a sepsis model in rats. TMP at various dosages were administrated to rats using a intragastric method. Animal survival rate was calculated. The lung functions were evaluated by lung weight/dry weight ratio (W/D), PaO2, dynamic compliance (DC), and airway resistance index (ARI). Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were isolated from lungs harvested from rats with sepsis. TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis. Protein expression and phosphorylation levels were assessed by western blotting. Results TMP administration increased the survival rate of septic rats. TMP also decreased W/D and DC, but increased PaO2 and ARI in septic rats. Moreover, PMVECs apoptosis was inhibited in septic rats that received TMP treatment. The expression levels of GRP78, ATF4, caspase-12, active caspase-3, as well as the phosphorylation levels of PERK and eIF2α were suppressed in PMVECs isolated from TMP-treated septic rats. Conclusions TMP alleviated sepsis-induced ALI by suppressing PMVECs apoptosis via PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP apoptotic signaling in endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Kaizhong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Lihong Shan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jiangfeng Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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