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Zhu S, Chen W, Masson A, Li YP. Cell signaling and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis. Cell Discov 2024; 10:71. [PMID: 38956429 PMCID: PMC11219878 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The initiation of osteogenesis primarily occurs as mesenchymal stem cells undergo differentiation into osteoblasts. This differentiation process plays a crucial role in bone formation and homeostasis and is regulated by two intricate processes: cell signal transduction and transcriptional gene expression. Various essential cell signaling pathways, including Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, Hedgehog, PTH, FGF, Ephrin, Notch, Hippo, and Piezo1/2, play a critical role in facilitating osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and bone homeostasis. Key transcriptional factors in this differentiation process include Runx2, Cbfβ, Runx1, Osterix, ATF4, SATB2, and TAZ/YAP. Furthermore, a diverse array of epigenetic factors also plays critical roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis at the transcriptional level. This review provides an overview of the latest developments and current comprehension concerning the pathways of cell signaling, regulation of hormones, and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the commitment and differentiation of osteoblast lineage, as well as in bone formation and maintenance of homeostasis. The paper also reviews epigenetic regulation of osteoblast differentiation via mechanisms, such as histone and DNA modifications. Additionally, we summarize the latest developments in osteoblast biology spurred by recent advancements in various modern technologies and bioinformatics. By synthesizing these insights into a comprehensive understanding of osteoblast differentiation, this review provides further clarification of the mechanisms underlying osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, and bone formation, and highlights potential new therapeutic applications for the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhu
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Alasdair Masson
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Chen X, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Ouyang Z, Zhou H, Li L, Li L, Li F, Xie X, Hill RG, Wang S, Chen X. Halide-containing bioactive glasses enhance osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 143:213173. [PMID: 36356468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The application of bone substitutes to reconstruct bone defects is a strategy for repairing alveolar bone loss caused by periodontal disease. Bioactive glasses (BGs) are attractive synthetic bone substitutes owing to their abilities to degrade, form bone-like mineral and stimulate bone regeneration. Our previous studies showed that the incorporation of fluoride into alkali-free bioactive silicate glass promoted osteogenesis to some extent in vitro, while the incorporation of chloride facilitated glass degradation and accelerated the formation of hydroxyapatite. However, whether there is a synergistic effect of incorporating fluoride and chloride on further enhancement of osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo was not known. Therefore, we synthesized three halide-containing BGs with fluoride only, or chloride only, or mixed fluoride and chloride, investigated their physicochemical properties and osteogenic and angiogenic effects both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the addition of both fluoride and chloride in a bioactive silicate glass could combine the structural roles of both, leading to a faster apatite formation than the glass with the presence of fluoride only and a more stable fluorapatite formation than the glass with the presence of chloride only, which formed hydroxyapatite upon immersion. The studied BGs were cytocompatible, as suggested by the cytotoxicity evaluation of hPDLSCs cultivated in the extracted BGs-conditioned culture media. More importantly, these BGs stimulated osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs without adding growth factors as indicated by the fact that BGs-conditioned media up-regulated the expression of BMP-2, OPN and VEGF of hPDLSCs and promoted the formation of bone nodules and collagen in vitro. By comparison, the incorporation of fluoride facilitated the expression of osteogenic-related biomarkers and bone nodule formation preferentially, while the incorporation of chloride induced the expression of angiogenic-related biomarkers and collagen formation. The in vivo investigation results demonstrated that the developed halide-containing BGs accelerated the process of bone regeneration, while the glass with mixed fluoride and chloride showed the most significant promotion effect among the three BGs. Therefore, our findings revealed a synergistic effect of incorporating fluoride and chloride into a BG on osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and highlighted the potential of fluoride and chloride containing bioactive glasses being bone substitutes for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Chen
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuting Liu
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zechi Ouyang
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Long Li
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Robert G Hill
- Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Songlin Wang
- Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Peymanfar Y, Su YW, Hassanshahi M, Xian CJ. Methotrexate treatment suppresses osteoblastic differentiation by inducing Notch2 signaling and blockade of Notch2 rescues osteogenesis by preserving Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2258-2270. [PMID: 34935186 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used antimetabolite in cancer treatment. Its intensive use is linked with skeletal adverse effects such as reduced bone formation and bone loss, and yet little information is available on molecular mechanisms underlying MTX-induced impaired bone formation. This study investigated the effects of MTX treatment at a clinical chemotherapy relevant dose on osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3E1 osteoblastic cells. To investigate the potential mechanisms, the expression of 87 genes regulating osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis was screened in MTX-treated versus untreated cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays and results illustrated significant upregulation of Notch2 and Notch target genes at both early and late stages of MC3T3E1 differentiation following MTX treatment. To confirm the roles of Notch2 pathway and its potential action mechanisms, MC3T3E1 cells were treated with MTX with an anti-Notch2 neutralizing antibody or control IgG and effects were examined on osteogenesis and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our results demonstrated that induction of Notch2 activity is associated with MTX adverse effects on osteogenic differentiation and blocking Notch2 rescues osteoblast differentiation by preserving activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Peymanfar
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Cory J Xian
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Kina S, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Miyamoto S, Arasaki A, Sunakawa H, Kinjo T. A molecular signature of well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma reveals a resistance mechanism to metronomic chemotherapy and novel therapeutic candidates. J Drug Target 2021; 29:1118-1127. [PMID: 33979258 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1929256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), accounts for approximately 10% of all HNSCCs and, while these cases are associated with good prognosis after surgery, these are resistant to chemotherapy. Here we designed a retrospective study to evaluate the effects of histological differentiation on tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients undergoing surgery or metronomic neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The metronomic neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival of patients with poorly or moderately differentiated tumour, but not those with well-differentiated tumour. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that FAT1 mutations were significantly enriched in more differentiated HNSCC while ASPM mutations were significantly enriched among the poorly differentiated HNSCC. Interestingly, Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated in well-differentiated HNSCC. Active β-catenin is translocated to the nucleus in the well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Wnt inhibitor, Wnt974, were synergistic with methotrexate in killing well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. TCGA data analyses reveal a signature in patients with well-differentiated HNSCC who have no benefits from metronomic neoadjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting that there might be novel nosology and therapeutic candidates for improving HNSCC patient survival. Well-differentiated OSCC is synergistically killed by combination chemotherapy with Wnt inhibitor, making it promising therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Kina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sho Miyamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Akira Arasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Hajime Sunakawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Takao Kinjo
- Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, Division of Morphological Pathology, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
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Li Y, Qiao Z, Yu F, Hu H, Huang Y, Xiang Q, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Zhao Y. Transforming Growth Factor-β3/Chitosan Sponge (TGF-β3/CS) Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4982. [PMID: 31600954 PMCID: PMC6834328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is the main reason for tooth loss in adults. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are advanced technologies used to manage soft and hard tissue defects caused by periodontal disease. We developed a transforming growth factor-β3/chitosan sponge (TGF-β3/CS) to repair periodontal soft and hard tissue defects. We investigated the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation behaviors of primary human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) to determine the bioactivity and potential application of TGF-β3 in periodontal disease. We employed calcein-AM/propidium iodide (PI) double labeling or cell membranes (CM)-Dil labeling coupled with fluorescence microscopy to trace the survival and function of cells after implantation in vitro and in vivo. The mineralization of osteogenically differentiated hPDLSCs was confirmed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content. The levels of COL I, ALP, TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, and Pp38/t-p38 were assessed by western blotting to explore the mechanism of bone repair prompted by TGF-β3. When hPDLSCs were implanted with various concentrations of TGF-β3/CS (62.5-500 ng/mL), ALP activity was the highest in the TGF-β3 (250 ng/mL) group after 7 d (p < 0.05 vs. control). The calcium content in each group was increased significantly after 21 and 28 d (p < 0.001 vs. control). The optimal result was achieved by the TGF-β3 (500 ng/mL) group. These results showed that TGF-β3/CS promotes osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, which may involve the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. TGF-β3/CS has the potential for application in the repair of incomplete alveolar bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (Y.H.)
| | - Zhifen Qiao
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (Y.H.)
| | - Fenglin Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (Y.H.)
| | - Huiting Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Yadong Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (Y.H.)
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (Y.H.)
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (Y.H.)
| | - Yueping Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou 510632, China;
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