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Zhang J, Sun J, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Yang L, Yin Y. Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits Candida albicans growth and biofilm formation. AMB Express 2023; 13:82. [PMID: 37540386 PMCID: PMC10403490 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans infections are threatening public health but there are only several antifungal drugs available. This study was to assess the effects of dehydrocostus lactone (DL) on the Candida albicans growth and biofilms Microdilution assays revealed that DL inhibits a panel of standard Candida species, including C. albicans, as well as 9 C. albicans clinical isolates. The morphological transition of C. albicans in RPMI-1640 medium and the adhesion to polystyrene surfaces can also be decreased by DL treatment, as evidenced by microscopic, metabolic activity and colony forming unit (CFU) counting assays. The XTT assay and microscopy inspection demonstrated that DL can inhibit the biofilms of C. albicans. Confocal microscopy following propidium iodide (PI) staining and DCFH-DA staining after DL treatment revealed that DL can increase the membrane permeability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. N-acetyl-cysteine could mitigate the inhibitory effects of DL on growth, morphological transition and biofilm formation, further confirming that ROS production induced by DL contributes to its antifungal and antibiofilm effects. This study showed that DL demonstrated antifungal and antibiofilm activity against C. albicans. The antifungal mechanisms may involve membrane damage and ROS overproduction. This study shows the potential of DL to fight Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218# Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218# Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218# Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218# Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218# Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Longfei Yang
- Jilin provincial key laboratory on molecular and chemical genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 265# Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Yongjie Yin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218# Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
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Yu B, Li B, Chen T, Yang J, Wang X, Peng B, Hu Q. A NF-κB-Based High-Throughput Screening for Immune Adjuvants and Inhibitors. Inflammation 2023; 46:598-611. [PMID: 36306023 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family is crucial for regulating immune and inflammatory responses. The activation of the immune cell signaling pathway usually activates NF-κB, causing a protective immune response. NF-κB can also cause excessive inflammatory responses by activating a cascade reaction of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines. In this study, we used an NF-κB luciferase reporter gene system. Out of more than 800 compounds screened, four NF-κB agonists were identified with strong activity at nontoxic concentrations. Subsequently, the adjuvant effect was verified on mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and macrophages RAW264.7. It was found that fostamatinib (R788) disodium increased the production of IL-6, IL-12p40, and TNF-α, indicating that R788 disodium could induce the maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In addition, three compounds were screened to significantly inhibit NF-κB at nontoxic doses, including dehydrocostus lactone (DHL)-a known NF-κB inhibitor. The results showed that DHL significantly reduced the release of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12). Our findings indicate that the NF-κB-based high-throughput screening can be used to discover potential immune adjuvants and anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Yu
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Boye Li
- Civil Aviation Medicine Center, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - Tian Chen
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jinning Yang
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Qin Hu
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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Kemboi D, Langat MK, Siwe-Noundou X, Tshiwawa T, Krause RWM, Davison C, Smit CJ, de la Mare JA, Tembu VJ. 13-amino derivatives of dehydrocostus lactone display greatly enhanced selective toxicity against breast cancer cells and improved binding energies to protein kinases in silico. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271389. [PMID: 35998145 PMCID: PMC9397875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activities of dehydrocostus lactone and its analogues are suggested to be mediated by the lactone ring and α,β-methylene-γ-lactone. However, few studies exist on the structure-activity relationship of 13-amino derivatives of dehydrocostus latone. In this study new 13-amino derivatives of dehydrocostus lactone DHLC (1–4) were synthesized through Michael addition reactions, and were screened against three different breast cancer cell lines, namely hormone receptor positive breast cancer (MCF-7), triple-negative breast cancer (HCC70), and non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial (MCF-12A) cell lines. Dehydrocostus lactone (DHLC) exhibited IC50 values of 1.11 (selectivity index (SI) = 0.06), 24.70 (SI = 0.01) and 0.07 μM against HCC70, MCF-7 and MCF-12A cells, respectively. All the amino derivatives, except DHLC-3 displayed low micromolar IC50 values (ranging from 0.07–4.24 μM) against both breast cancer cell lines, with reduced toxicity towards MCF-12A non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells (SI values ranging from 6.00–126.86). DHLC-1 and DHLC-2 demonstrated the greatest selectivity for the MCF-7 cells (with SI of 121 and 126.86 respectively) over the MCF-12A cells. This reveals that, overall, the derivatives display greatly improved selectivity for breast cancer over non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells, with between 100-fold and 12 000-fold higher SI values. The improved docking scores were recorded for all the 13-amino dehydrocostus lactone derivatives for the enzymes analyzed. Compounds DHLC-4, and DHLC-3 recorded higher docking scores of -7.33 and -5.97 Kca/mol respectively, compared to the parent structure, dehydrocostus lactone (-5.34 Kca/mol) for protein kinase (PKC) theta (1XJD) and -6.22 and -5.88 Kca/mol, respectively for protein kinase iota (1RZR). The compounds further showed promising predicted adsorption, distribution, metabolisms and excretion (ADME) properties. Predicting the ADME properties of these derivatives is of importance in evaluating their drug-likeness, which could in turn be developed into potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Kemboi
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda (Grahamstown), South Africa
- * E-mail: (DK); (JT)
| | - Moses K. Langat
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda (Grahamstown), South Africa
| | - Candace Davison
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda (Grahamstown), South Africa
| | - Christie Jane Smit
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda (Grahamstown), South Africa
| | - Jo-Anne de la Mare
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda (Grahamstown), South Africa
| | - Vuyelwa Jacqueline Tembu
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail: (DK); (JT)
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Naseer S, Iqbal J, Naseer A, Kanwal S, Hussain I, Tan Y, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Cossio-Bayugar R, Zajac Z, Bin Jardan YA, Mahmood T. Deciphering Chemical Profiling, Pharmacological Responses and Potential Bioactive Constituents of Saussurea lappa Decne. extracts through In Vitro Approaches. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1355-1366. [PMID: 35280548 PMCID: PMC8913551 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancement in modern medicines, plant derived medicines have still wide range utilities as they have less side effects and are cheap and biocompitable. Sassurea lappa is an extensively used plant in traditional medicinal formulations. Plant roots are used to cure various diseases including cancer, rheumatic pain, abdominal and nervous disorders. The present study was aimed for the evalution of biological potentials of methanolic and chloroform extracts of Saussurea lappa root, leaf, seed and flower. The methanolic and chloroform extracts were subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses. Identification of functional groups was performed using Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Antioxidant potential was determined via diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total reducing power (TRP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) method, anti-hemolytic potential was conducted on human RBCs, antibacterial activity was evaluated against six American type culture collection (ATCC) and three multi drug resistance (MDR) strains, cytotoxic and phytotoxic potentials were evaluated through brine shrimp lethality assay and raddish seed assay respectively. Experiments were performed in triplicates and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied using statistics version-8.1. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sixteen secondary metabolites. Fourteen functional groups were identified through FTIR. S. lappa root methanolic (SLRM) showed maximum antioxidant activity index (AAI-79.42%) whereas chloroform extract of leaves (SLLC) gave highest antibacterial activity with maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.4 mm). Maximum cytotoxicity was observed for SLRM with lethal dose concentration (LC50) of 58.8 µg/mL. However, root extracts showed significant phytotoxicity (15% germination). The current study investigated that bioactive compounds present in S. lappa leaves, seed, flower and roots were responsible for enhanced biological potentials. Further studies on isolation and characterization of these bioactive compounds may help in drug development. In future, we recommend different in-vitro and in-vivo studies to further confirm it biopharmacological potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Naseer
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Abeel Naseer
- Department of Physiology, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Kanwal
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Hussain
- Department Biological Sciences, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Km 11 Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla, No. 8534, Col. Progreso, CP 62550 Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Raquel Cossio-Bayugar
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Km 11 Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla, No. 8534, Col. Progreso, CP 62550 Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Zbigniew Zajac
- Department of Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11 st, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Gan XG, Xu HT, Wang ZH. Phosphatidylserine eversion regulated by phospholipid scramblase activated by TGF-β1/Smad signaling in the early stage of kidney stone formation. Urolithiasis 2021; 50:11-20. [PMID: 34860265 PMCID: PMC8784500 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-021-01292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying phosphatidylserine eversion in renal tubule cells following calcium oxalate-mediated damage remains unclear; therefore, we investigated the effects of TGF-β1/Smad signaling on phosphatidylserine eversion in the renal tubule cell membrane during the early stage of kidney stone development. In a rat model of early stage of calcium oxalate stone formation, phosphatidylserine eversion on the renal tubular cell membrane was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1), Smad7, and phospholipid scramblase in the renal tubular cell membrane was measured by western blotting. We observed that the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway increased phosphatidylserine eversion at the organism level. The results of in vitro studies demonstrated that oxalate exposure to renal tubule cells induced TGF-β1 expression, increasing phospholipid scramblase activity and phosphatidylserine eversion in the renal tubule cell membrane. These results indicate that TGF-β1 stimulates phosphatidylserine eversion by increasing the phospholipid scramblase activity in the renal tubule cell membrane during the early stage of kidney stone development. The results of this study form a basis for further detailed research on the development of therapeutic agents that specifically treat urolithiasis and exert fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Guo Gan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Hai Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi Hao Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Xiong Y, Cui X, Zhou Y, Chai G, Jiang X, Ge G, Wang Y, Sun H, Che H, Nie Y, Zhao P. Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in mice via the JNK and p38 MAPK-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107780. [PMID: 34118645 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and irreversible inflammatory disease with a high mortality rate and limited therapeutic options. This study explored the potential role and mechanisms of Dehydrocostus lactone (DHL) in the inflammatory and fibrotic responses in a bleomycin (BLM) induced model. Treatment with DHL significantly reduced pathological injury and fibrosis, the secretion of BLM-induced pro-fibrotic mediators TGF-β and α-SMA, and components of the extracellular matrix (fibronectin). Additionally, in the early stages of inflammation, DHL administration inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and downregulated the expression of TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-6, indicating that DHL treatment effectively alleviated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, BLM induced the production of IL-33 in vivo, which initiated and progressed pulmonary fibrosis by activating macrophages and enhancing the production of IL-13 and TGF-β. In contrast, a significant decrease in the expression of IL-33 after DHL treatment in vitro showed that DHL strongly reduced IL-13 and TGF-β. Regarding the mechanism, BLM-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB were significantly reduced after DHL treatment, which further led to the down-regulation of IL-33 expression, thereby decreasing IL-13 and TGF-β. Collectively, our data suggested that DHL could exert its anti-fibrosis effect via inhibiting the early inflammatory response by downregulating the JNK/p38 MAPK-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress macrophage activation. Therefore, DHL has therapeutic potential for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Cui
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, PR China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Gaoshang Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiufeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Guizhi Ge
- The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hongxu Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Huilian Che
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yunjuan Nie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Nie Y, Wang Z, Chai G, Xiong Y, Li B, Zhang H, Xin R, Qian X, Tang Z, Wu J, Zhao P. Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury and Macrophage Activation through NF-κB Signaling Pathway Mediated by p38 MAPK and Akt. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081510. [PMID: 30999647 PMCID: PMC6514677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe clinical disease marked by dysregulated inflammation response and has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Macrophages, which play diverse roles in the inflammatory response, are becoming therapeutic targets in ALI. In this study we investigated the effects of dehydrocostus lactone (DHL), a natural sesquiterpene, on macrophage activation and LPS-induced ALI. The macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and primary lung macrophages were incubated with DHL (0, 3, 5, 10 and 30 μmol/L) for 0.5 h and then challenged with LPS (100 ng/mL) for up to 8 hours. C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally injected with LPS (5 mg/kg) to induce acute lung injury (ALI) and then treated with a range of DHL doses intraperitoneally (5 to 20 mg/kg). The results showed that DHL inhibited LPS-induced production of proinflammatory mediators such as iNOS, NO, and cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12 p35 by suppressing the activity of NF-κB via p38 MAPK/MK2 and Akt signaling pathway in macrophages. The in vivo results revealed that DHL significantly attenuated LPS-induced pathological injury and reduced cytokines expression in the lung. NF-κB, p38 MAPK/MK2 and Akt signaling molecules were also involved in the anti-inflammatory effect. Collectively, our findings suggested that DHL is a promising agent for alleviating LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjuan Nie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhongxuan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gaoshang Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Boyu Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruiting Xin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaohang Qian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zihan Tang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Zoledronic acid induces micronuclei formation, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and cytostasis in kidney cells. Life Sci 2018; 203:305-314. [PMID: 29729261 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Zoledronic acid (ZA), a FDA approved drug has used widely in the treatment of bone metastasis complications, has been linked to renal toxicity with unclear mechanism. The present study is aimed at investigating the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ZA in renal epithelial cells. MAIN METHODS The genotoxic effect of ZA in Vero and MDCK cells determined by cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. The cytotoxic effect assessed by analysing cell cycle profile, cell death and mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry using propidium iodide, AnnexinV-FITC/PI and JC1 dye staining, respectively, BAX and Bcl-2 expression by Western blotting and caspase activity by spectrofluorimetry. KEY FINDINGS The cytotoxic effect of ZA based on MTT assay revealed variable sensitivities of Vero and MDCK cells, with IC50 values of 7.41 and 109.58 μM, respectively. The CBMN assay has shown prominent dose-dependent (IC10-50) induction of micronuclei formation in both cells, indicating ZA's clastogenic and aneugenic potential. Further, the ZA treatment led the cells to apoptosis, evident from dose-dependent increase in the percentage of cells in subG1 phase and display of membranous phosphatidylserine translocation. Studies also confirmed apoptosis through mitochondria, evident from the prominent increase in BAX/Bcl-2 ratio, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-3/7 activity. In addition, ZA reduces cytokinetic activity of renal cells, evident from dose-wise lowered replicative indices. SIGNIFICANCE The study depict ZA's potential genotoxic effect along with cytotoxic effect in renal epithelial cells, could be key factors for the development of renal complications associated with it, which prompts renal safety measures in lieu with ZA usage.
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