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Wei J, Dai Y, Zhang N, Wang Z, Tian X, Yan T, Jin X, Jiang S. Natural plant-derived polysaccharides targeting macrophage polarization: a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408377. [PMID: 39351237 PMCID: PMC11439661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cytokines induce the differentiation of macrophages into distinct types of TAMs, primarily characterized by two phenotypes: M1-polarized and M2-polarized. Cancer growth is suppressed by M1-polarized macrophages and promoted by M2-polarized macrophages. The regulation of macrophage M1 polarization has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Polysaccharides are important bioactive substances found in numerous plants, manifesting a wide range of noteworthy biological actions, such as immunomodulation, anti-tumor effects, antioxidant capabilities, and antiviral functions. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest regarding the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties of polysaccharides derived from plants. The regulatory impact of polysaccharides on the immune system is mainly associated with the natural immune response, especially with the regulation of macrophages. This review provides a thorough analysis of the regulatory effects and mechanisms of plant polysaccharides on TAMs. Additionally, an analysis of potential opportunities for clinical translation of plant polysaccharides as immune adjuvants is presented. These insights have greatly advanced the research of plant polysaccharides for immunotherapy in tumor-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Wei
- Second college of clinical medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanpeng Dai
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Processing, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinchen Tian
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Tinghao Yan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Jin
- Center for Post-Doctoral Studies, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Second college of clinical medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Kang Q, He L, Chan KI, Gu H, Xue W, Zhong Z, Tan W. Exploring the immunometabolic potential of Danggui Buxue Decoction for the treatment of IBD-related colorectal cancer. Chin Med 2024; 19:117. [PMID: 39210410 PMCID: PMC11360867 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Danggui Buxue (DGBX) decoction is a classical prescription composed of Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR), used to enrich blood, and nourish Qi in Chinese medicine, with the potential to recover energy and stimulate metabolism. Chronic inflammation is a risk factor in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related colorectal cancer (CRC). More importantly, AR and ASR have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities, as well as prefiguring a potential effect on inflammation-cancer transformation. We, therefore, aimed to review the immunometabolism potential of DGBX decoction and its components in this malignant transformation, to provide a helpful complement to manage the risk of IBD-CRC. The present study investigates the multifaceted roles of DGBX decoction and its entire components AR and ASR, including anti-inflammation effects, anti-cancer properties, immune regulation, and metabolic regulation. This assessment is informed by a synthesis of scholarly literature, with more than two hundred articles retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases within the past two decades. The search strategy employed utilized keywords such as "Danggui Buxue", "Astragali Radix", "Angelicae Sinensis Radix", "Inflammation", and "Metabolism", alongside the related synonyms, with a particular emphasis on high-quality research and studies yielding significant findings. The potential of DGBX decoction in modulating immunometabolism holds promise for the treatment of IBD-related CRC. It is particularly relevant given the heterogeneity of CRC and the growing trend towards personalized medicine, but the precise and detailed mechanism necessitate further in vivo validation and extensive clinical studies to substantiate the immunometabolic modulation and delineate the pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qianming Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Luying He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, SAR, China
| | - Hui Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenjing Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, SAR, China.
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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3
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He Z, Liu X, Qin S, Yang Q, Na J, Xue Z, Zhong L. Anticancer Mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Its Application in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:636. [PMID: 38794206 PMCID: PMC11124422 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) derived from A. membranaceus plays a crucial role in traditional Chinese medicine. These polysaccharides have shown antitumor effects and are considered safe. Thus, they have become increasingly important in cancer immunotherapy. APS can limit the spread of cancer by influencing immune cells, promoting cell death, triggering cancer cell autophagy, and impacting the tumor microenvironment. When used in combination with other therapies, APS can enhance treatment outcomes and reduce toxicity and side effects. APS combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, relay cellular immunotherapy, and cancer vaccines have broadened the application of cancer immunotherapy and enhanced treatment effectiveness. By summarizing the research on APS in cancer immunotherapy over the past two decades, this review elaborates on the anticancer mechanism of APS and its use in cancer immunotherapy and clinical trials. Considering the multiple roles of APS, this review emphasizes the importance of using APS as an adjunct to cancer immunotherapy and compares other polysaccharides with APS. This discussion provides insights into the specific mechanism of action of APS, reveals the molecular targets of APS for developing effective clinical strategies, and highlights the wide application of APS in clinical cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Simin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Qun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Jintong Na
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Zhigang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Liping Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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4
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Liu X, Sun K, Jin X, Wu X, Xia M, Sun Y, Feng L, Li G, Wan X, Chen C. Review on active components and mechanism of natural product polysaccharides against gastric carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27218. [PMID: 38449642 PMCID: PMC10915412 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the malignant tumors with a high occurrence rate worldwide is gastric carcinoma, which is an epithelial malignant tumor emerging from the stomach. Natural product polysaccharides are a kind of natural macromolecular polymers, which have the functions of regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, anti-fatigue, hypoglycemia, etc. Natural polysaccharides have remarkable effectiveness in preventing the onset, according to studies, and development of gastric cancer at both cellular and animal levels. This paper summarizes the inhibitory mechanisms and therapeutic significance of plant polysaccharides, fungi polysaccharides, and algal polysaccharides in natural product polysaccharides on the occurrence and development of gastric cancer in recent years, providing a theoretical basis for the research, development, and medicinal value of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Kaijing Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinmin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingjie Xia
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xilin Wan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Changbao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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5
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Ye D, Zhao Q, Ding D, Ma BL. Preclinical pharmacokinetics-related pharmacological effects of orally administered polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicines: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126484. [PMID: 37625759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides (TCMPs) derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), such as Ganoderma lucidum, Astragalus membranaceus, Lycium barbarum, and Panax ginseng, are considered to be the main active constituents in TCMs. However, the significant pharmacological effects of orally administered TCMPs do not align well with their poor pharmacokinetics. This article aims to review the literature published mainly from 2010 to 2022, focusing on the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects. It has been found that unabsorbed TCMPs can exert local pharmacological effects in the gut, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, regulation of intestinal flora, modulation of intestinal immunity, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Unabsorbed TCMPs can also produce systemic pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor activity and immune system modulation, by regulating intestinal flora and immunity. Conversely, some TCMPs can be absorbed and distributed to various tissues, especially the liver, where they exhibit tissue-protecting effects against inflammation and oxidative stress-induced damage and improve glucose and lipid metabolism. In future studies, it is important to improve quality control and experimental design. Furthermore, research on enhancing the oral bioavailability of TCMPs, exploring the activity of TCMP metabolites, investigating pharmacokinetic interactions between TCMPs and oral drugs, and developing oral drug delivery systems using TCMPs holds great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jingan District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing-Liang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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6
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Xu Q, Cheng W, Wei J, Ou Y, Xiao X, Jia Y. Synergist for antitumor therapy: Astragalus polysaccharides acting on immune microenvironment. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:179. [PMID: 37741920 PMCID: PMC10517906 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Various new treatments are emerging constantly in anti-tumor therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, the efficacy is still not satisfactory. Astragalus polysaccharide is an important bioactive component derived from the dry root of Radix astragali. Studies found that astragalus polysaccharides have gained great significance in increasing the sensitivity of anti-tumor treatment, reducing the side effects of anti-tumor treatment, reversing the drug resistance of anti-tumor drugs, etc. In this review, we focused on the role of astragalus polysaccharides in tumor immune microenvironment. We reviewed the immunomodulatory effect of astragalus polysaccharides on macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. We found that astragalus polysaccharides can promote the activities of macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes and induce the expression of a variety of cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, we summarized the clinical applications of astragalus polysaccharides in patients with digestive tract tumors. We summarized the effective mechanism of astragalus polysaccharides on digestive tract tumors, including apoptosis induction, proliferation inhibition, immunoactivity regulation, enhancement of the anticancer effect and chemosensitivity. Therefore, in view of the multiple functions of astragalus polysaccharides in tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical efficacy, the combination of astragalus polysaccharides with antitumor therapy such as immunotherapy may provide new sparks to the bottleneck of current treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinrui Wei
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Ou
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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7
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Li J, Wang YF, Shen ZC, Zou Q, Lin XF, Wang XY. Recent developments on natural polysaccharides as potential anti-gastric cancer substance: Structural feature and bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123390. [PMID: 36706878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is being a serious threat to human health. Seeking safer and more effective ingredients for anti-GC is of significance. Increasing natural polysaccharides (NPs) have been demonstrated to possess anti-GC activity. However, the information on anti-GC NPs is scattered. For well-understanding the potential of NPs as anti-GC substances, the recent developments on structure, bioactivity and mechanism of anti-GC NPs were comprehensively reviewed in this article. Meanwhile, the structure-activity relationship was discussed. Recent studies indicated that anti-GC NPs could be mainly divided into glucan and heteropolysaccharide, whose structures affected by sources and protocols of extraction and purification. NPs exhibited anti-GC activities in cell and animal experiments as well as clinical trials, and the mechanisms might be anti-proliferation, inducing apoptosis, anti-metastasis and anti-invasion, inducing autophagy, boosting immunity, anti-angiogenesis, reducing drug resistance, anti-angiogenesis, improving antioxidant level and changing metabolites. Moreover, structural features included molecular weight, functional groups, uronic acid and monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage type, and degree of branching and conformation might influence the activities. Otherwise, modifications could enhance the anti-GC activity of NPs, and anti-GC NPs could be combinedly used with chemotherapeutic drugs. This review supports the applications of NPs in anti-GC and provides theoretical basis for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zi-Chun Shen
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qi Zou
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Lin
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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8
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Zhen H, Tian J, Li G, Zhao P, Zhang Y, Che J, Cao B. Raltitrexed enhanced antitumor effect of anlotinib in human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells on proliferation, invasiveness, and apoptosis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:207. [PMID: 36870981 PMCID: PMC9985835 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anlotinib is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) which has exhibited encouraging clinical activity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and soft tissue sarcoma. Raltitrexed is well known to be effective in the treatment of colorectal cancer in China. The present study aims to investigate the combinatory antitumor effect of anlotinib and raltitrexed on human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells and further explore the molecular mechanisms in vitro. METHODS Human esophageal squamous cell lines KYSE-30 and TE-1 were treated with anlotinib or raltitrexed, or both, then cell proliferation was measured by MTS and colony formation assay; cell migration and invasion were detected by wound-healing and transwell assays; cell apoptosis rate was studied by flow cytometry and the transcription of apoptosis-associated proteins were monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Finally, western blot was performed to check phosphorylation of apoptotic proteins after treatment. RESULTS Treatment with raltitrexed and anlotinib showed enhanced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness compared with raltitrexed or anlotinib monotherapy. Meanwhile, raltitrexed combined with anlotinib strongly increased cell apoptosis percentage. Moreover, the combined treatment down-regulated mRNA level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and invasiveness-associated protein matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), while up-regulated pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3 transcription. Western blotting showed that the combination of raltitrexed and anlotinib could inhibit the expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), Erk (p-Erk) and MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that raltitrexed enhanced the antitumor effects of anlotinib on human ESCC cells by down-regulating phosphorylation of Akt and Erk, providing a novel treatment option for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Zhen
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, #95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jizheng Tian
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shunyi District Hospital, Shunyi Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, #95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juanjuan Che
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, #95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, #95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Liang Z, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Song J, Qian H, Jin J. Anticancer applications of phytochemicals in gastric cancer: Effects and molecular mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1078090. [PMID: 36712679 PMCID: PMC9877357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1078090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common malignant cancer and is a life-threatening disease worldwide. Phytochemicals have been shown to be a rational, safe, non-toxic, and very promising approach to the prevention and treatment of cancer. It has been found that phytochemicals have protective effects against GC through inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, suppressing cell invasion and migration, anti-angiogenesis, inhibit Helicobacter pylori infection, regulating the microenvironment. In recent years, the role of phytochemicals in the occurrence, development, drug resistance and prognosis of GC has attracted more and more attention. In order to better understand the relationship between phytochemicals and gastric cancer, we briefly summarize the roles and functions of phytochemicals in GC tumorigenesis, development and prognosis. This review will probably help guide the public to prevent the occurrence and development of GC through phytochemicals, and develop functional foods or drugs for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Liang
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Chang Zhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yumeng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Chang Zhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Chang Zhou, China
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10
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Qiang M, Cai P, Ao M, Li X, Chen Z, Yu L. Polysaccharides from Chinese materia medica: Perspective towards cancer management. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 224:496-509. [PMID: 36265542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has always been a focus of global attention, and the difficulty of treatment and poor prognosis have always plagued humanity. Conventional chemotherapeutics and treatment with synthetic disciplines will cause adverse side effects and drug resistance. Therefore, searching for a safe, valid, and clinically effective drug is necessary. At present, some natural compounds have proved to have the potential to fight cancer. Polysaccharides obtained from Chinese materia medica are good anti-cancer ingredients. Polysaccharides are macromolecular compounds of equal or distinct monosaccharides with an α- or β-glycosidic bonds. The anti-cancer activity has been fully demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. However, Chinese materia medica polysaccharides are only used as adjuvant therapy for cancer-related diseases. Hence, this review mainly discusses the chemical composition, biological activity, absorption in vivo, and clinical application of Chinese materia medica polysaccharides. Also, we discussed the anti-cancer mechanism. We also discussed the current research's limitations on treating cancer with Chinese materia medica polysaccharides and insights into future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Qiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingjun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyue Ao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lingying Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Seaweeds in the Oncology Arena: Anti-Cancer Potential of Fucoidan as a Drug—A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186032. [PMID: 36144768 PMCID: PMC9506145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are a discerning arena to search for the future generation of medications to treat a spectrum of ailments. Meanwhile, cancer is becoming more ubiquitous over the world, and the likelihood of dying from it is rising. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the mainstays of cancer treatment worldwide, but their extensive side effects limit their curative effect. The quest for low-toxicity marine drugs to prevent and treat cancer is one of the current research priorities of researchers. Fucoidan, an algal sulfated polysaccharide, is a potent therapeutic lead candidate against cancer, signifying that far more research is needed. Fucoidan is a versatile, nontoxic marine-origin heteropolysaccharide that has received much attention due to its beneficial biological properties and safety. Fucoidan has been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of conventional bioactivities, such as antiviral, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory characteristics, and anticancer activity against a wide range of malignancies has also recently been discovered. Fucoidan inhibits tumorigenesis by prompting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, blocking metastasis and angiogenesis, and modulating physiological signaling molecules. This review compiles the molecular and cellular aspects, immunomodulatory and anticancer actions of fucoidan as a natural marine anticancer agent. Specific fucoidan and membranaceous polysaccharides from Ecklonia cava, Laminaria japonica, Fucus vesiculosus, Astragalus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Codium fragile serving as potential anticancer marine drugs are discussed in this review.
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Chen L, He C, Zhou M, Long J, Li L. Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Polysaccharides against Gastric Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:5828. [PMID: 36144560 PMCID: PMC9501385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common type of cancer that poses a serious threat to human health. Polysaccharides are important functional phytochemicals, and research shows that polysaccharides have good anti-gastric cancer effects. We collated all relevant literature published from 2000 to 2020 and found that more than 60 natural polysaccharides demonstrate anti-gastric cancer activity. At the present, the sources of these polysaccharides include fungi, algae, tea, Astragalus membranaceus, Caulis Dendrobii, and other foods and Chinese herbal medicines. By regulating various signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Fas/FasL, Wnt/β-catenin, IGF-IR, and TGF-β signaling pathways, polysaccharides induce gastric cancer cell apoptosis, cause cell cycle arrest, and inhibit migration and invasion. In addition, polysaccharides can enhance the immune system and killing activity of immune cells in gastric cancer patients and rats. This comprehensive review covers the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and mechanism of plant and fungal polysaccharides against gastric cancer. We hope this review is helpful for researchers to design, research, and develop plant and fungal polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Chunrong He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jiaying Long
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
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Tan Y, Wang H, Xu B, Zhang X, Zhu G, Ge Y, Lu T, Gao R, Li J. Chinese herbal medicine combined with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of contributions of specific medicinal materials to tumor response. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977708. [PMID: 36091754 PMCID: PMC9453215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The incidence and mortality of gastric cancer ranks among the highest, and the 5-year survival rate of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is less than 10%. Currently, chemotherapy is the main treatment for AGC, and oxaliplatin is an important part of the commonly used chemotherapy regimen for AGC. A large number of RCTs have shown that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) combined with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy can improve objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), reduce the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy. There is currently a lack of systematic evaluation of the evidence to account for the efficacy and safety of CHM combined with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in AGC. Therefore, we carried out this study and conducted the sensitivity analysis on the herbal composition to explore the potential anti-tumor efficacy. Methods: Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wanfang database, and the Chinese Scientific Journals Database were searched from their inception to April 2022. RCTs evaluating the efficacy of CHM combined with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy on AGC were included. Stata 16 was used for data synthesis, RoB 2 for quality evaluation of included RCTs, and GRADE for quality of synthesized evidence. Additional sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the potential anti-tumor effects of single herbs and combination of herbs. Results: Forty trials involving 3,029 participants were included. Most included RCTs were assessed as "Some concerns" of risk of bias. Meta-analyses showed that compare to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy alone, that CHM combined with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy could increase the objective response rate (ORR) by 35% [risk ratio (RR) = 1.35, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (1.25, 1.45)], and disease control rate (DCR) by 12% [RR = 1.12, 95% CI (1.08, 1.16)]. Subgroup analysis showed that compare to SOX, FOLFOX, and XELOX regimens alone, CHM plus SOX, CHM plus FOLFOX, and CHM plus XELOX could significantly increase the ORR and DCR. Sensitivity analysis identified seven herbs of Astragalus, Liquorice, Poria, Largehead Atractylodes, Chinese Angelica, Codonopsis, and Tangerine Peel with potentials to improve tumor response of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in AGC. Conclusion: Synthesized evidence showed moderate certainty that CHM plus oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy may promote improvement in tumor response in AGC. CHM treatment is safe for AGC. Due to the poor quality of included RCTs and small samplesizes, the quality of synthesized evidence was not high. Specific combinations of herbs appeared to produce higher contributions to ORR than the herb individually. Each of this seven above mentioned herbs has been shown in experimental studies to potentially contribute to the improvement of tumor response. To support this conclusion, these seven herbs are worthy of further clinical research. Systematic Review Registration: [http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=262595], identifier [CRD42022262595].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuansha Ge
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Taicheng Lu
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruike Gao
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ghavami S, Zamani M, Ahmadi M, Erfani M, Dastghaib S, Darbandi M, Darbandi S, Vakili O, Siri M, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Zarghooni M, Wiechec E, Mokarram P. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy in gastrointestinal cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166512. [PMID: 35931405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary to manage gastrointestinal cancers (GICs). Considering the effective molecular mechanisms involved in tumor growth, the therapeutic response is pivotal in this process. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that acts as a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis and tumor inhibition in a context-dependent manner. Depending on the stage of malignancy and cellular origin of the tumor, autophagy might result in cancer cell survival or death during the GICs' progression. Moreover, autophagy can prevent the progression of GIC in the early stages but leads to chemoresistance in advanced stages. Therefore, targeting specific arms of autophagy could be a promising strategy in the prevention of chemoresistance and treatment of GIC. It has been revealed that autophagy is a cytoplasmic event that is subject to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation inside the nucleus. The effect of epigenetic regulation (including DNA methylation, histone modification, and expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cellular fate is still not completely understood. Recent findings have indicated that epigenetic alterations can modify several genes and modulators, eventually leading to inhibition or promotion of autophagy in different cancer stages, and mediating chemoresistance or chemosensitivity. The current review focuses on the links between autophagy and epigenetics in GICs and discusses: 1) How autophagy and epigenetics are linked in GICs, by considering different epigenetic mechanisms; 2) how epigenetics may be involved in the alteration of cancer-related phenotypes, including cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; and 3) how epidrugs modulate autophagy in GICs to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mehran Erfani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran; Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran; Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumni, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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15
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Zhou X, Wang X, Sun Q, Zhang W, Liu C, Ma W, Sun C. Natural compounds: A new perspective on targeting polarization and infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113096. [PMID: 35567987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development in tumor immunology, people are gradually understanding the complexity and diversity of the tumor microenvironment immune status and its important effect on tumors. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), an important part of the tumor immune microenvironment, have a double effect on tumor growth and metastasis. Many studies have focused on lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer and other "hot tumors" with typical inflammatory characteristics. The polarization and infiltration of TAMs is an important mechanism in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, such as lung cancer, and in the tumor immune microenvironment. Therapeutic drugs designed for these reasons are key to targeting TAMs in the treatment of lung cancer. A large number of reports have suggested that natural compounds have a strong potential of affecting immunity by targeting the polarization and infiltration of TAMs to improve the immune microenvironment of lung cancer and exert a natural antitumor effect. This paper discusses the infiltration and polarization effects of natural compounds on lung cancer TAMs, provides a detailed classification and systematic review of natural compounds, and summarizes the bias of different kinds of natural compounds by affecting their antitumor mechanism of TAMs, with the aim of providing new perspectives and potential therapeutic drugs for targeted macrophages in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China; College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China.
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16
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Yang Z, Xia L. Resveratrol inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration, and induces the apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells through the MALAT1/miR-383-5p/DDIT4 signaling pathway. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:985-996. [PMID: 35837196 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to study the effects and potential mechanism of resveratrol (RS) in gastric cancer (GC). Methods The human GC cell line SGC7901 was treated with different concentrations of RS (0, 1, 5 µM) for 24 hours. The messenger ribonucleic acid or protein expressions levels of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), micro ribonucleic acid-383-5p (miR-383-5p), and DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) in GC cells were determined by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain assays. Cells were then transfected with miR-383-5p inhibitor (inhibitor), inhibitor negative control (NC), MALAT1-interfering RNA (si-MALAT1), si-DDIT4 and negative interference control (si-NC). The Cell Counting Kit-8 method, scratch assay, and transwell assay were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, and the target relationship was examined by a luciferase-reporter gene analysis. Results RS treatment downregulated the expression of MALAT1, repressed cell proliferation, inhibited cell migration and invasion (all P<0.05), and induced apoptosis (P<0.05) in GC cells. When the cells were treated with RS and inhibited the expression of MALAT1 meanwhile, the above anti-cancer effects were more significant (all P<0.05). Target prediction and the luciferase-reporter gene analysis showed that MALAT1 targeted miR-383-5p (P<0.05). When suppressing the expression of MALAT1 and miR-383-5p, the anti-cancer effects caused by the silencing of MALAT1 were absent (all P<0.05). We also found that miR-383-5p targeted DDIT4 protein. When the expression of miR-383-5p and DDIT4 in the GC cells was inhibited, the promoting cancer effects caused by the inhibition of miR-383-5p were reversed (all P<0.05). Conclusions This study found that RS inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human GC cells through the metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)/miR-383-5p/DDIT4 pathway and induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuying Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Tang Z, Huang G. Extraction, structure, and activity of polysaccharide from Radix astragali. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113015. [PMID: 35468585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix astragali polysaccharide (RAP) is a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide. It is an immune promoter and regulator, and has antivirus, antitumor, anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-stress, anti-oxidation and other activitys. The extraction, separation, purification, structure, activity and modification of RAP were summarized. Some extraction methods of RAP had been introduced, and the separation and purification methods of RAP were reviewed, and the structure and activity of RAP were highly discussed. Current derivatization of RAP was outlined. Through the above discussion that the yield of crude polysaccharides from Radix astragali by enzyme-assisted extraction was significantly higher than that by other extraction methods, but each extraction method had different extraction effects under certain conditions, and the activity efficiency of RAP was also different. Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the extraction method with known better yield for the study of RAP. In addition, the purification and separation of RAP are the key factors affecting the yield and activity of RAP. At the same time, there are still few studies on the derivatiration of Radix astragali polysaccharide, but the researches in this area are very important. RAP also has many important pharmacological effects on human body, but its practical application needs further study. Finally, studies on the structure-activity relationship of RAP still need to be carried out by many scholars. This review would provide some help for further researches on various important applications of RAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Tang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Du Y, Wan H, Huang P, Yang J, He Y. A critical review of Astragalus polysaccharides: From therapeutic mechanisms to pharmaceutics. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rahman MA, Ahmed KR, Rahman MDH, Park MN, Kim B. Potential Therapeutic Action of Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Managements: Novel Treatment Strategies and Pharmacological Interventions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:813703. [PMID: 35153766 PMCID: PMC8834883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.813703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), second most leading cause of cancer-associated mortality globally, is the cancer of gastrointestinal tract in which malignant cells form in lining of the stomach, resulting in indigestion, pain, and stomach discomfort. Autophagy is an intracellular system in which misfolded, aggregated, and damaged proteins, as well as organelles, are degraded by the lysosomal pathway, and avoiding abnormal accumulation of huge quantities of harmful cellular constituents. However, the exact molecular mechanism of autophagy-mediated GC management has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we emphasized the role of autophagy in the modulation and development of GC transformation in addition to underlying the molecular mechanisms of autophagy-mediated regulation of GC. Accumulating evidences have revealed that targeting autophagy by small molecule activators or inhibitors has become one of the greatest auspicious approaches for GC managements. Particularly, it has been verified that phytochemicals play an important role in treatment as well as prevention of GC. However, use of combination therapies of autophagy modulators in order to overcome the drug resistance through GC treatment will provide novel opportunities to develop promising GC therapeutic approaches. In addition, investigations of the pathophysiological mechanism of GC with potential challenges are urgently needed, as well as limitations of the modulation of autophagy-mediated therapeutic strategies. Therefore, in this review, we would like to deliver an existing standard molecular treatment strategy focusing on the relationship between chemotherapeutic drugs and autophagy, which will help to improve the current treatments of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Global Biotechnology and Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rejvee Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - MD. Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Global Biotechnology and Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Bangladesh
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Yang S, Chen X, Sun J, Qu C, Chen X. Polysaccharides from traditional Asian food source and their antitumor activity. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13927. [PMID: 34595763 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides extracted from Asian traditional food source have been demonstrated to possess different antitumor activities mostly without side effect. In this paper, we reviewed many kinds of polysaccharides from different Asian food source and their antitumor activities. Some are common food such as different mushroom with more research. Some are special e.g., Ginseng, Salvia, Astragalus, Lycium barbarum etc. with relatively fewer research. This review mainly focused on their structure, derivatives, antitumor activities and their mechanism of action in the last decades. It aimed to bridge traditional Asian ingredients with tumor and cancer curation in order to avoid side effect of traditional treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: There are abundant resources of Asian food. And polysaccharides from these resources have been showed good antitumor activities and immunopotentiating activity. This review introduced the advance of the polysaccharides and their antitumor activities, which will promote the development antitumor medicine derived from Asian food source, or their applications as Adjuvant therapy of traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to their multiple antitumor activities, enhancing immunity potential, and non-toxic side-effects, it might be utilized for the treatment of multiple tumors and improve the health and the life quality of patients whether as anti-tumor drugs or as adjuvant therapy method. Furthermore, traditional Asian food source is rich. In the near future, more and more efficient polysaccharides with antitumor activities of Asian food source will be discovered. There will be broad application market for the polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Yang
- Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Jing Sun
- Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengming Qu
- Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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21
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Kang SY, Hwang D, Shin S, Park J, Kim M, Rahman MDH, Rahman MA, Ko SG, Kim B. Potential of Bioactive Food Components against Gastric Cancer: Insights into Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184502. [PMID: 34572730 PMCID: PMC8469857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach. Accumulated evidence and epidemiological studies have indicated that bioactive food components from natural products play an important role in gastric cancer prevention and treatment, although its mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated. Particularly, experimental studies have shown that natural bioactive food products display a protective effect against gastric cancer via numerous molecular mechanisms, such as suppression of cell metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and modulation of autophagy. Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer along with surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, as well as immunotherapy, and its adverse side effects including neutropenia, stomatitis, mucositis, diarrhea, nausea, and emesis are well documented. However, administration of naturally occurring bioactive phytochemical food components could increase the efficacy of gastric chemotherapy and other chemotherapeutic resistance. Additionally, several studies have suggested that bioactive food components with structural stability, potential bioavailability, and powerful bioactivity are important to develop novel treatment strategies for gastric cancer management, which may minimize the adverse effects. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the potential therapeutic effects of natural bioactive food products on the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer with intensive molecular mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and safety efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog Young Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Dongwon Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Soyoung Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Jinju Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Myoungchan Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
| | - MD. Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.H.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Durazzo A, Nazhand A, Lucarini M, Silva AM, Souto SB, Guerra F, Severino P, Zaccardelli M, Souto EB, Santini A. Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus Bunge): botanical, geographical, and historical aspects to pharmaceutical components and beneficial role. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-01003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMedicinal plants always are part of folk medicine and are nowadays receiving worldwide attention for prophylaxis, management, and treatment of several diseases, as an alternative to chemical drugs. The current work provided a comprehensive overview and analysis of the Astragalus and health relationship in literature. The analysis of their therapeutic potential is thus instrumental to understand their bioactivity. Among these, the flowering medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus has raised interest due to several beneficial health effects. This perspective review discussed the botanical, geographical, historical, and the therapeutic properties of A. membranaceus, with a special focus on its health improving effects and medicinal applications both in vitro and in vivo.
Graphic abstract
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23
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Chen S, Yao L. Autophagy inhibitor potentiates the antitumor efficacy of apatinib in uterine sarcoma by stimulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:323-334. [PMID: 33978839 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aims to examine the effects of apatinib combined with autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human uterine sarcoma in FU-MMT-1 and MES-SA cells and its tumor inhibition effect in xenograft model of uterine sarcoma. METHODS Different concentrations of 3-MA and apatinib were used to treat the uterine sarcoma cell lines (MES-SA and FU-MMT-1 cells). The cell viability was detected by CCK8 method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and cell cycle. Wound closure assay and Transwell assay were performed to measure the migration ability of cells. Western blot was used to determine the apoptosis proteins and autophagy proteins. A nude mice sarcoma xenograft model was established and treated with apatinib alone, 3-MA alone, or combined incubation of them. Tumor size of xenograft and the mice survival rate were measured. RESULTS Combination of 3-MA and apatinib significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration ability, but increased the apoptosis rate of uterine sarcoma cells compared to apatinib. The combination of 3-MA and apatinib significantly limited the tumor size of xenograft and increased the survival rate of mice compared to apatinib alone. Apatinib inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, while 3-MA and the combination of 3-MA and apatinib significantly activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibited autophagy. Combination of 3-MA and apatinib increased apoptosis compared to apatinib alone. The expression of VEGFR-2 was not impacted by 3-MA. CONCLUSION Combination of apatinib and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA significantly inhibited the growth and migration of uterine sarcoma cells and xenograft. Autophagy inhibition may increase the antitumor effect of apatinib via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
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Xiu T, Guo Q, Jing FB. Facing Cell Autophagy in Gastric Cancer - What Do We Know so Far? Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1647-1659. [PMID: 33976565 PMCID: PMC8104978 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s298705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process by which misfolded proteins and damaged organelles in the lysosomes of tumor cells were degraded reusing decomposed substances and avoiding accumulation of large amounts of harmful substances. Here, the role of autophagy in the development of malignant transformation of gastric tumors, and the underlying mechanisms involved in autophagy formation, and the application of targeted autophagy in the treatment of gastric cancer were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qie Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Bo Jing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zhang Y, Lou Y, Wang J, Yu C, Shen W. Research Status and Molecular Mechanism of the Traditional Chinese Medicine and Antitumor Therapy Combined Strategy Based on Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 11:609705. [PMID: 33552068 PMCID: PMC7859437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of malignant tumors encompasses multidisciplinary comprehensive diagnosis and treatment and reasonable combination and arrangement of multidisciplinary treatment, which is not a simple superimposition of multiple treatment methods, but a comprehensive consideration of the characteristics and specific conditions of the patients and the tumor. The mechanism of tumor elimination by restoring the body's immune ability is consistent with the concept of "nourishing positive accumulation and eliminating cancer by itself" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The formation and dynamic changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) involve many different types of cells and multiple signaling pathways. Those changes are similar to the multitarget and bidirectional regulation of immunity by TCM. Discussing the relationship and mutual influence of TCM and antitumor therapy on the TME is a current research hotspot. TCM has been applied in the treatment of more than 70% of cancer patients in China. Data have shown that TCM can significantly enhance the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, enhance tumor-suppressing effects, and significantly improve cancer-related fatigue, bone marrow suppression, and other adverse reactions. TCM treatments include the application of Chinese medicine monomers, extracts, classic traditional compound prescriptions, listed compound drugs, self-made compound prescriptions, as well as acupuncture and moxibustion. Studies have shown that the TCM functional mechanism related to the positive regulation of cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and interleukin-12, while negatively regulating of regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressive cells, PD-1/PD-L1, and other immune regulatory factors. However, the application of TCM in cancer therapy needs further study and confirmation. This article summarizes the existing research on the molecular mechanism of TCM regulation of the TME and provides a theoretical basis for further screening of the predominant population. Moreover, it predicts the effects of the combination of TCM and antitumor therapy and proposes further developments in clinical practice to optimize the combined strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yanni Lou
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbin Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Disease, Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cunguo Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Qinhuangdao Haigang Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Wenjuan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Cao RA, Ji R, Tabarsa M, Zhang J, Meng L, Zhang C, Zhang J, Wang L, Wu R, Wang C, Jin C, You S. Purification, characterization and immunostimulatory effects of polysaccharides from Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizomes. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:550-559. [PMID: 33465362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The crude polysaccharide was extracted from A. asphodeloides rhizomes and further purified to produce two fractions F1 (50.0%) and F2 (19.6%). The chemical constitutions of the polysaccharides were neutral sugars (51.4%-89.7%), uronic acids (1.0%-30.2%) and sulfate esters (3.4%-8.1%), with various ratios of monosaccharides including rhamnose (1.4%-6.1%), arabinose (7.1%-21.2%), xylose (0.2%-4.8%), mannose (39.9%-79.0%), glucose (6.0%-11.1%) and galactose (2.6%-22.0%). The molecular properties of the polysaccharides were investigated by the HPSEC-UV-MALLS-RI system, revealing the Mw 130.0 × 103-576.5 × 103 g/moL, Rg 87.6-382.6 nm and SVg 0.3-54.3 cm3/g. The polysaccharides stimulated RAW264.7 cells to produce considerable amounts of NO and up-regulate the expression of TNF-α, IL-1 and COX-2 genes. Polysaccharides exhibited the growth inhibitory effects on cancer cells lines of AGS, MKN-28 and MKN-45, in which F2 fraction exhibited prominent bioactivities. The AGS cells treated with F2 experienced condensed cytoplasm, shrinkage of nucleus and chromatin marginalization with the highest number of cells at early-stage apoptosis reaching 54.6%. The inhibitory effect of F2 polysaccharide on AGS cells was through MAPKs and STAT3 signaling pathways. The backbone of the F2 was mainly linked by (1 → 4)-linked mannopyranosyl and (1 → 3)-linked galactopyranosyl. Taken together, the polysaccharide from A. asphodeloides rhizomes could be utilized as medicinal, pharmacological and functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-An Cao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Agri-Food Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
| | - RuiXue Ji
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Mehdi Tabarsa
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46414-356, Iran
| | - JianQiang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Heyi Dairy Technology Co. Ltd., Daqing 163000, China
| | - LingQi Meng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - ChengTai Zhang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - JiaMiao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - LiDong Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - ChangYuan Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - ChengHao Jin
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung Daehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, South Korea.
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Yarmohammadi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Natural compounds against cytotoxic drug-induced cardiotoxicity: A review on the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22683. [PMID: 33325091 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a critical concern in the use of several cytotoxic drugs. Induction of apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy following dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway contributes to the cardiac damage induced by these drugs. Several natural compounds (NCs), including ferulic acid, gingerol, salvianolic acid B, paeonol, apigenin, calycosin, rutin, neferine, higenamine, vincristine, micheliolide, astragaloside IV, and astragalus polysaccharide, have been reported to suppress cytotoxic drug-induced cardiac injury. This article reviews these NCs that have been reported to have a protective effect against cytotoxic drug-induced cardiotoxicity through regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhen H, Li G, Zhao P, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yu J, Cao B. Raltitrexed Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Apatinib in Human Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells via Akt and Erk Pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12325-12339. [PMID: 33293826 PMCID: PMC7719348 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s276125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Apatinib has been proved effective in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer and a variety of solid tumors. Raltitrexed is emerging as a promising alternative for treating advanced colorectal cancer in China. This work aims to study the combinatory antitumor effect of apatinib and raltitrexed on human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (ESCC). Materials and Methods Two VEGFR-2-positive human ESCC lines, KYSE-30 and TE-1, were treated with apatinib or raltitrexed, or both, then the cell proliferation rate was measured by MTS assay; cell migration and invasion were studied by transwell assays; cell apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry; cellular autophagy level affected was analyzed by Western blot analysis; finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to monitor transcription and Western blot was performed to check phosphorylation of apoptotic proteins after treatment. Results Both apatinib and raltitrexed significantly inhibited KYSE-30 and TE-1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with both drugs showed enhanced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness compared with apatinib monotherapy. Apoptosis percentages in both cell lines were also remarkably increased by the combined treatment. Moreover, the combination of apatinib and raltitrexed down-regulated mRNA level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, while up-regulated pro-apoptotic protein PARP, Bax, and caspase-3 transcription. Western blot analysis showed that phosphorylation levels of Erk, Akt, and invasiveness-associated protein matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) were decreased in the combination group. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that raltitrexed enhances the antitumor effects of apatinib on human ESCC cells by down-regulating phosphorylation of Akt and Erk, implying a combination of raltitrexed and apatinib might be an effective option for treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Zhen
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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Liu X, Zheng Q, Yu Q, Hu Y, Cheng Y, Shao Z, Chen L, Ding W, Gao D. Apatinib regulates the growth of gastric cancer cells by modulating apoptosis and autophagy. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:1009-1018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Yang Y, Zhao M, Hu T, Su F, Qian F, Wang Z. Identification of an antitumor effect of demethylzeylasteral on human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:49. [PMID: 33281960 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common malignancy in China, with the second highest mortality rate worldwide. Advanced gastric cancer usually exhibits a poor prognosis with a low 5-year survival rate. Therefore, developing novel drugs for the treatment of this cancer will be beneficial for patients. Demethylzeylasteral, an extract of tripterygium wilfordii, has shown positive anticancer activities. However, the possible antitumor effect of demethylzeylasteral on gastric cancer cells and its underlying molecular mechanism remain to be determined. In the present study, the Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays revealed that demethylzeylasteral impeded the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the Transwell assay identified an inhibitory effect of demethylzeylasteral on the migration of MKN-45 cells, while flow cytometry found that treatment with demethylzeylasteral induced apoptosis and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in the cancer cells. Further investigation revealed that demethylzeylasteral downregulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and GSK-3β in MKN-45 cells. Notably, decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP were detected in the cancer cells treated with demethylzeylasteral. The present study demonstrated that demethylzeylasteral exhibits therapeutic potential for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Menglin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Fang Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Zishu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
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Synergistic anti-tumour effects of Clostridium butyricum in combination with apatinib in CT26 colorectal tumour-bearing mice. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 30:991-997. [PMID: 31205067 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the synergistic antitumour effect of Clostridium butyricum combined with apatinib on colorectal cancer in mice. Murine colorectal carcinoma cell line CT26.WT cells were xenografted into the skin of BALB/c mice. Tumour-bearing mice were randomly divided into four groups, and given different treatment options (PBS control; C. butyricum; apatinib; C. butyricum + apatinib). Real-time PCR was used to detect C. butyricum content in the intestine of mice given C. butyricum. The effects of various regimens on tumour growth were monitored, and CD31, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 expressions in tumour were analysed by immunohistochemistry. C. butyricum combined with apatinib significantly inhibits tumour growth with decreased CD31, PCNA and Bcl-2 expressions, and increased cleaved caspase-3 expressions. Our study confirms that C. butyricum combined with apatinib in the treatment of xenografted colon tumour in mice can significantly inhibit tumour growth and promote cell apoptosis than apatinib alone treatments, providing the reference for clinical treatments.
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Apatinib Inhibits the Invasion and Metastasis of Liver Cancer Cells by Downregulating MMP-Related Proteins via Regulation of the NF- κB Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3126182. [PMID: 32685465 PMCID: PMC7322602 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3126182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate whether apatinib has an inhibitory effect on the invasion and metastasis of liver cancer in vitro. Methods The anti-invasion and antimetastasis effects of apatinib in HepG2, Hep3B,Huh7 and SMMC-7721 liver cancer cell lines were tested by the wound-healing and transwell invasion assays. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the influence of apatinib on the gene expression of MMPs, TIMPs, and constituents of the NF-κB signaling pathway in Hep3B and HepG2 liver cell lines. Results Apatinib has a significant inhibitory effect on the metastasis and invasion of liver cancer cells. The expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-11, and MMP-16 were downregulated, while the expression levels of TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 were upregulated by apatinib treatment at both the mRNA and protein levels. The phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB p65 was significantly reduced compared with that in the control group. Conclusions Apatinib inhibits the invasion and metastasis of human liver cancer cells by downregulating the expression of MMP-related genes. This may be achieved by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Gan QX, Wang J, Hu J, Lou GH, Xiong HJ, Peng CY, Huang QW. Modulation of Apoptosis by Plant Polysaccharides for Exerting Anti-Cancer Effects: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:792. [PMID: 32536869 PMCID: PMC7267062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a significant public health problem with high disease burden and mortality. At present, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main means of treating cancer, but they have shown serious safety problems. The severity of this problem has caused further attention and research on effective and safe cancer treatment methods. Polysaccharides are natural products with anti-cancer activity that are widely present in a lot of plants, and many studies have found that inducing apoptosis of cancer cells is one of their important mechanisms. Therefore, this article reviews the various ways in which plant polysaccharides promote apoptosis of cancer cells. The major apoptotic pathways involved include the mitochondrial pathway, the death receptor pathway, and their upstream signal transduction such as MAPK pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, and NF-κB pathway. Moreover, the paper has also been focused on the absorption and toxicity of plant polysaccharides with reference to extant literature, making the research more scientific and comprehensive. It is hoped that this review could provide some directions for the future development of plant polysaccharides as anticancer drugs in pharmacological experiments and clinical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xia Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan-Hua Lou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Jun Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Yang QK, Chen T, Wang SQ, Zhang XJ, Yao ZX. Apatinib as targeted therapy for advanced bone and soft tissue sarcoma: a dilemma of reversing multidrug resistance while suffering drug resistance itself. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:279-298. [PMID: 32333216 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumors originated from mesenchymal tissues. They harbor more than 50 distinct subtypes and differ in pathological features and clinical courses. Despite the significant improvements in modern multi-modality treatment, the outcomes and overall survival rates remain poor for patients with advanced, refractory, metastatic, or relapsed diseases. The growth and metastasis of bone and soft tissue sarcoma largely depend on angiogenesis, and VEGF/VEGFR pathway is considered as the most prominent player in angiogenesis. Therefore, blockade of VEGF/VEGFR pathways is a promising therapeutic strategy to retard neovascularization. Several VEGFR inhibitors have been developed and revealed their favorable anti-neoplastic effects in various cancers, but such desirable anti-tumor effects are not obtained in advanced sarcomas because of multiple reasons, such as drug tolerance, short duration of response, and severe adverse effects. Fortunately, preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that apatinib is a novel promising VEGFR2 inhibitor showing potent anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic activities in advanced sarcomas. Especially, apatinib has showed notable characteristics in multidrug resistance reversal, tumor regression, vascular normalization, immunosuppression alleviation, and enhancement of chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic effects. However, apatinib also gets struck in dilemma of reversing multidrug resistance of chemotherapeutic agents while suffering drug resistance itself, and several difficulties should be tackled before full use of apatinib. In this review, we discuss the outstanding characteristics and main predicaments of apatinib as targeted therapy in advanced sarcomas. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are rare but malignant tumors originated from mesenchymal tissues. They harbor more than 100 distinct subtypes and differ in features of pathologies and clinical courses. Despite the significant improvements in modern multi-modality treatment, the outcomes and overall survival rates remain poor for patients with advanced, refractory, metastatic, or relapsed lesions. The growth and metastasis of bone and soft tissue sarcoma largely depend on angiogenesis and VEGF/VEGFR pathways play a pivotal role in angiogenesis. Therefore, blockade of VEGF/VEGFR pathways is a promising therapeutic strategy. Several VEGFR inhibitors have been developed and verified in clinical trials but with unfavorable outcomes. Fortunately, preclinical studies and clinical trials have indicated that apatinib is a novel promising VEGFR2 inhibitor showing potent anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic activities in advanced sarcomas. Actually, apatinib has showed notable characteristics in multidrug resistance reversal, tumor regression, vascular normalization, immunosuppression alleviation, enhancement of chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic effects. However, apatinib also gets struck in dilemma of reversing multidrug resistance of chemotherapeutic agents while suffering drug resistance itself, and several difficulties should be tackled before full use of apatinib. In this review, we discuss the outstanding characteristics and main predicaments of apatinib as targeted therapy in advanced sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Kun Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Shi-Qi Wang
- Troops 65651 of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Jinzhou, 121100, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China.
| | - Zhong-Xiang Yao
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Fang SQ, Huang J, Zhang F, Ni HM, Chen QL, Zhu JR, Fu ZC, Zhu L, Hao WW, Ge GB. Pharmacokinetic interaction between a Chinese herbal formula Huosu Yangwei oral liquid and apatinib in vitro and in vivo. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:979-989. [PMID: 32285478 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Huosu Yangwei oral liquid (HSYW) on cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and to investigate whether this herbal medicine could modulate the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the co-administered CYP-substrate drug apatinib.
Methods
Cytochrome P450 enzymes inhibition assays were conducted in human liver microsomes (HLM) by a LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of the oxidative metabolites of eight probe substrates for hepatic CYPs. The modulatory effects of HSYW on the oxidative metabolism of apatinib were investigated in both HLM and rat liver microsomes (RLM). The influences of HSYW on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of apatinib were investigated in rats.
Key findings
Huosu Yangwei oral liquid inhibited all tested CYPs in human liver preparations, with the IC50 values ranged from 0.3148 to 2.642 mg/ml. HSYW could also inhibit the formation of two major oxidative metabolites of apatinib in liver microsomes from both human and rat. In-vivo assays demonstrated that HSYW could significantly prolong the plasma half-life of apatinib by 7.4-fold and increase the AUC0–inf (nm·h) of apatinib by 43%, when HSYW (10 ml/kg) was co-administered with apatinib (10 mg/kg) in rats.
Conclusions
Huosu Yangwei oral liquid could inhibit mammalian CYPs and modulated the metabolic half-life of apatinib both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Quan Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ni
- Department of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Long Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Ran Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, China
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Ma Y, Yu J, Li Q, Su Q, Cao B. Addition of docosahexaenoic acid synergistically enhances the efficacy of apatinib for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:743-756. [PMID: 31889475 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1709789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the antitumor and antiangiogenesis effects of apatinib in triple-negative breast cancer in vitro and also whether the combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and apatinib is more effective than apatinib monotherapy. The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was utilized to determine the cell apoptosis rate. A wound healing assay was utilized to assess cell migration. Western blot analysis was carried out to determine the effects of apatinib and DHA on Bcl-2, BAX, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), and Akt expression. DHA in combination with apatinib showed enhanced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration compared with apatinib or DHA monotherapy. Meanwhile, DHA combined with apatinib strongly increased the cell apoptosis percentage. DHA was observed to enhance the antitumor and antiangiogenesis effects of apatinib via further downregulation of p-Akt expression.Abbreviations: FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI: propidium iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Ma
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junxian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Su
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Li W, Hu X, Wang S, Jiao Z, Sun T, Liu T, Song K. Characterization and anti-tumor bioactivity of astragalus polysaccharides by immunomodulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 145:985-997. [PMID: 31669273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has attracted growing interests in the field of anti-cancer by direct killing effect and improving immune function. In this study, the structure and composition of APS was determined, following the evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of APS targeted macrophages and host immune system based on immunoregulated strategy. The results indicated that APS had no direct cytotoxicity against 4T1 cells, but APS mediated macrophages could significantly inhibit the growth of 4T1 cells by the induction of cell cycle arrest (G2 phase) and cell apoptosis. APS mediated macrophages promoted the apoptosis of 4T1 cells mainly through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The in vivo findings demonstrated that APS could markedly improve the thymus index and spleen index, and restore the structure of the damaged thymus and spleen tissue. APS could significantly enhance the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and increase phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages in mice. Furthermore, APS was capable of up-regulating the expression of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ in peripheral blood. APS combined with 5-FU could improve the anti-tumor effect accompanied by the immunosuppressive alleviation of 5-FU on immune system, which may be suitable as an immune adjuvant for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zeren Jiao
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tongyi Sun
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Yang L, Zhao L, Zeng T, Chen H, Shao J, Yang S, Tao Z, Yang J, Chen T, Lin X, Chen X, Tang M. Mechanisms Underlying Therapeutic Effects Of Traditional Chinese Medicine On Gastric Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8407-8418. [PMID: 31571996 PMCID: PMC6754335 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s218214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. It is the fourth most common cancer and has the second highest mortality rate globally. Metastasis is an important feature of gastric cancer and is the most common cause of death. Exploring the mechanism underlying the metastasis of gastric cancer and searching for new drug targets has become the focus of several studies. Traditional Chinese medicine may show promise for treatment of gastric cancer. In this review, we report the recent progress in research on the anti-metastasis activity of Chinese medicine, to facilitate clinical development of treatments for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqian Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianni Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheying Tao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingqin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongke Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiwen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mosheng Tang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Lishui City People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Shan H, Zheng X, Li M. The effects of Astragalus Membranaceus Active Extracts on Autophagy-related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1904. [PMID: 30999666 PMCID: PMC6514605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved 'self-eating' process that maintains cellular, tissue, and organismal homeostasis. New studies on autophagy, mediated by subsets of autophagy proteins, are emerging in many physiological and pathological processes. Astragalus membranaceus (AM), also named Huangqi, is one of the fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine and its extracts have been proved to possess many biological activities related to autophagy, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anticancer, anti-photoaging, and improvement of cardiomyocyte function. Evidence suggests that AM extracts can have therapeutic potential in autophagy dysregulation-associated diseases because of their biological positive effects. Here we will review the literature concerning the effects of AM extracts on autophagy dysregulation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Xueping Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma MGC-803 cells induced by a novel Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide via intrinsic mitochondrial pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:811-819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wu J, Wang J, Su Q, Ding W, Li T, Yu J, Cao B. Traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus polysaccharide enhanced antitumor effects of the angiogenesis inhibitor apatinib in pancreatic cancer cells on proliferation, invasiveness, and apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2685-2698. [PMID: 29785118 PMCID: PMC5953274 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy have shown modest effects on the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. The current study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of apatinib, Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), and the combination of both the drugs in pancreatic cancer cells and further explore the molecular mechanisms in vitro. Materials and methods Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in human pancreatic cancer cell lines ASPC-1, PANC-1, and SW1990 was detected by Western blotting. Cell proliferation was measured by MTS, and migration and invasion were detected by wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry and cellular autophagy level affected by apatinib, and APS was analyzed by Western blotting. Results Human pancreatic cancer cell lines ASPC-1 and PANC-1 expressed VEGFR-2, but VEGFR-2 was not detected in SW1990. Either apatinib or APS inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in ASPC-1 and PANC-1. APS in combination with apatinib showed enhanced inhibitory effects on cell migration and invasion compared with apatinib monotherapy in ASPC-1 and PANC-1. Meanwhile, APS combined with apatinib strongly increased cell apoptosis percentage. Western blotting showed that the combination of APS and apatinib significantly enhanced the downregulation of phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (p-AKT and p-ERK) as well as matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) expression. In addition, both apatinib and APS induced cellular autophagy. However, the expression of autophagy-related proteins was not further elevated in the combination group. Conclusion The study first demonstrated that apatinib showed potentially inhibitory effects in pancreatic cancer cells and that APS enhanced the antitumor effects of apatinib through further downregulating the expression of phosphorylation of AKT and ERK as well as MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Li
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junxian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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