1
|
Kofman K, Levin M. Bioelectric pharmacology of cancer: A systematic review of ion channel drugs affecting the cancer phenotype. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 191:25-39. [PMID: 38971325 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a pernicious and pressing medical problem; moreover, it is a failure of multicellular morphogenesis that sheds much light on evolutionary developmental biology. Numerous classes of pharmacological agents have been considered as cancer therapeutics and evaluated as potential carcinogenic agents; however, these are spread throughout the primary literature. Here, we briefly review recent work on ion channel drugs as promising anti-cancer treatments and present a systematic review of the known cancer-relevant effects of 109 drugs targeting ion channels. The roles of ion channels in cancer are consistent with the importance of bioelectrical parameters in cell regulation and with the functions of bioelectric signaling in morphogenetic signals that act as cancer suppressors. We find that compounds that are well-known for having targets in the nervous system, such as voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, proton pumps, and gap junctions are especially relevant to cancer. Our review suggests further opportunities for the repurposing of numerous promising candidates in the field of cancer electroceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Kofman
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Montenegro I, Pazmiño R, Araque I, Madrid A, Besoain X, Werner E, Espinoza-Catalán L, Olea AF, Parra C, Navarrete Molina V, Godoy P, Olguín Y, Cuellar MA. Antimicrobial Activity of Drimanic Sesquiterpene Compounds from Drimys winteri against Multiresistant Microorganisms. Molecules 2024; 29:2844. [PMID: 38930909 PMCID: PMC11206827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, a group of ten sesquiterpene drimanes, including polygodial (1), isopolygodial (2), and drimenol (3) obtained from the bark of Drimys winteri F. and seven synthetic derivatives, were tested in vitro against a unique panel of bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes with standardized procedures against bacterial strains K. pneumoniae, S. tiphy, E. avium, and E. coli. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and bactericidal activities were evaluated using standardized protocols. Polygodial (1) was the most active compound, with MBC 8 μg/mL and MIC 16 μg/mL in E. avium; MBC 16 μg/mL and MIC 32 μg/mL in K. pneumoniae; MBC 64 μg/mL and MIC 64 μg/mL in S. typhi; and MBC 8 μg/mL and MIC 16 μg/mL and MBC 32 μg/mL and MIC 64 μg/mL in E. coli, respectively. The observed high potency could be attributed to the presence of an aldehyde group at the C8-C9 position. The antifungal activity of 1 from different microbial isolates has been evaluated. The results show that polygodial affects the growth of normal isolates and against filamentous fungi and oomycetes with MFC values ranging from 8 to 64 μg/mL. Sesquiterpene drimanes isolated from this plant have shown interesting antimicrobial properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Montenegro
- Núcleo Milenio Bioproductos, Genómica Y Microbiología Ambiental—Biogem, Center of Interdisciplinary Biomedical and Engineering Research for Health (MEDING), Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Rolando Pazmiño
- Centro de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación de Productos Bioactivos (CINBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1093, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (R.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Ileana Araque
- Centro de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación de Productos Bioactivos (CINBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1093, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (R.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Alejandro Madrid
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y Síntesis Orgánica (LPNSO), Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avda. Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Ximena Besoain
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile;
| | - Enrique Werner
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bio-Bio Campus Chillán, Avda. Andrés Bello 720, Casilla 447, Chillán 3800708, Chile;
| | - Luis Espinoza-Catalán
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Grupo QBAB, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseauux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile;
| | - Claudio Parra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile;
| | - Valentina Navarrete Molina
- Núcleo Milenio Bioproductos, Genómica Y Microbiología Ambiental—Biogem, Center of Interdisciplinary Biomedical and Engineering Research for Health (MEDING), Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Patricio Godoy
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Laureles s/n, Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Yusser Olguín
- Departamento de Química y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Valparaíso (CCTVal), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Mauricio A. Cuellar
- Centro de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación de Productos Bioactivos (CINBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1093, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (R.P.); (I.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Navarro M, Urrejola F, Espinoza M, Silva S, González S, Utreras D, Fernandez K, Bravo J. Biological activity of the essential oil of Drimys winteri. Front Chem 2024; 12:1321300. [PMID: 38666047 PMCID: PMC11043559 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1321300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Chilean indigenous culture, the tree Drimys winteri (Winteraceae) Canelo is of great importance and is considered the sacred Mapuche tree. It has antibacterial and disinfectant properties and is used in the treatment of various diseases, such as fevers, ulcers, cancers, and respiratory tract problems. The essential oil obtained from D. winteri, DW_EO, is bioactive, possesses insecticidal and repellent properties against pests, and shows activity toward plant growth regulators. It also has a phytotoxic effect against the growth and germination of weeds. The essential oil obtained from the leaves and bark of Drimys winteri has demonstrated antifungal, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties in in vitro and in vivo studies. It also possesses antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects. The essential oil contains monoterpenes such as zafrol, pinenes, and linalool, among others, that contribute to its bioactivity. The DW_EO and bioactive compounds have great potential in various applications in medicine, industrial food, sanitizer, and other areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Navarro
- Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Urrejola
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Misael Espinoza
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón Silva
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián González
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Utreras
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Fernandez
- Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Bravo
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Daressy F, Séguy L, Favre L, Corvaisier S, Apel C, Groo AC, Litaudon M, Dumontet V, Malzert-Fréon A, Desrat S, Roussi F, Robert A, Wiels J. NA1-115-7, from Zygogynum pancheri, is a new selective MCL-1 inhibitor inducing the apoptosis of hematological cancer cells but non-toxic to normal blood cells or cardiomyocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113546. [PMID: 35988426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of antiapoptotic members (BCL-2, BCL-xL, MCL-1, etc.) of the BCL-2 family contributes to tumor development and resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Synthetic inhibitors targeting these proteins have been developed, and some hematological malignancies are now widely treated with a BCL-2 inhibitor (venetoclax). However, acquired resistance to venetoclax or chemotherapy drugs due to an upregulation of MCL-1 has been observed, rendering MCL-1 an attractive new target for treatment. Six MCL-1 inhibitors (S64315, AZD-5991, AMG-176, AMG-397, ABBV-467 and PRT1419) have been evaluated in clinical trials since 2016, but some were affected by safety issues and none are currently used clinically. There is, therefore, still a need for alternative molecules. We previously described two drimane derivatives as the first covalent BH3 mimetics targeting MCL-1. Here, we described the characterization and biological efficacy of one of these compounds (NA1-115-7), isolated from Zygogynum pancheri, a plant belonging to the Winteraceae family. NA1-115-7 specifically induced the apoptosis of MCL-1-dependent tumor cells, with two hours of treatment sufficient to trigger cell death. The treatment of lymphoma cells with NA1-115-7 stabilized MCL-1, disrupted its interactions with BAK, and rapidly induced apoptosis through a BAK- and BAX-mediated process. Importantly, a similar treatment with NA1-115-7 was not toxic to erythrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, platelets, or cardiomyocytes. These results highlight the potential of natural products for use as specific BH3 mimetics non-toxic to normal cells, and they suggest that NA1-115-7 may be a promising tool for use in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Daressy
- CNRS UMR9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Line Séguy
- Normandie Université, UniCaen, CERMN, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Loëtitia Favre
- Inserm U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, F-94009 Créteil, France; AP-HP, CHU Henri Mondor, Département de Pathologie, F-94009 Créteil, France
| | | | - Cécile Apel
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Dumontet
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Sandy Desrat
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fanny Roussi
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aude Robert
- Inserm UMR1279, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Joëlle Wiels
- CNRS UMR9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anticancer Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Drimane and Coloratane Sesquiterpenoids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082501. [PMID: 35458699 PMCID: PMC9031474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drimane and coloratane sesquiterpenoids are present in several plants, microorganisms, and marine life. Because of their cytotoxic activity, these sesquiterpenoids have received increasing attention as a source for new anticancer drugs and pharmacophores. Natural drimanes and coloratanes, as well as their semi-synthetic derivatives, showed promising results against cancer cell lines with in vitro activities in the low micro- and nanomolar range. Despite their high potential as novel anticancer agents, the mode of action and structure–activity relationships of drimanes and coloratanes have not been completely enlightened nor systematically reviewed. Our review aims to give an overview of known structures and derivatizations of this class of sesquiterpenoids, as well as their activity against cancer cells and potential modes-of-action. The cytotoxic activities of about 40 natural and 25 semi-synthetic drimanes and coloratanes are discussed. In addition to that, we give a summary about the clinical significance of drimane and coloratane sesquiterpenoids.
Collapse
|
6
|
Da Rosa RB, Borsoi G, Conter LU, Feistel C, Gottems AL, Reginatto FH, Grivicich I, De Barros Falcão Ferraz A. Bioguided isolation of a selective compound from Calea phyllolepis leaves against breast cancer cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130:20-27. [PMID: 34605186 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants of the Calea genus have been reported to contain lipophilic compounds, such as sesquiterpene lactones, with cytotoxic effect against different cancer cell lines. The aim of this manuscript was to investigate the chemical profile and cytotoxic activity of different fractions from Calea phylolepis leaves on different human cancer cell lines. The fractions were prepared using solvent extraction of increasing polarity, yielding hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions. All fractions were chemically analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and their cytotoxic activity against HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer), U-251MG (malignant glioblastoma) and L929 (mouse fibroblast) cell lines was investigated. Among these, the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed higher cytotoxic effects, while the methanolic fraction did not show any cytotoxic effects. The major bioactive compound from the hexane fraction (12.15%) was isolated using chromatographic methods and was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis as 6-epi-β-verbesinol coumarate. This compound showed activity against breast cancer cells (IC50 = 5.8 ± 1.0 μg/ml), similar to etoposide. Furthermore, 6-epi-β-verbesinol coumarate showed low cytotoxicity to normal fibroblast cells, suggesting a high selectivity index (SI = 7.39) against breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Bitencourt Da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Borsoi
- Programa de Iniciação Científica e Tecnológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Lucas Umpierre Conter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Feistel
- Programa de Iniciação Científica e Tecnológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre De Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Daressy F, Malard F, Seguy L, Guérineau V, Apel C, Dumontet V, Robert A, Groo AC, Litaudon M, Bignon J, Desrat S, Malzert-Fréon A, Wiels J, Lescop E, Roussi F. Drimane Derivatives as the First Examples of Covalent BH3 Mimetics that Target MCL-1. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1788-1797. [PMID: 33665938 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Drimane sesquiterpenoid dialdehydes are natural compounds with antiproliferative properties. Nevertheless, their mode of action has not yet been discovered. Herein, we demonstrate that various drimanes are potent inhibitors of MCL-1 and BCL-xL, two proteins of the BCL-2 family that are overexpressed in various cancers, including lymphoid malignancies. Subtle changes in their structure significantly modified their activity on the target proteins. The two most active compounds are MCL-1 selective and bind in the BH3 binding groove of the protein. Complementary studies by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analyses, but also synthesis, showed that they covalently inhibit MCL-1 though the formation of a pyrrole adduct. In addition, cytotoxic assays revealed that these two compounds show a cytotoxic selectivity for BL2, a MCL-1/BCL-xL-dependent cell line and induce apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Daressy
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.,Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR8126, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France.,UMR9018 CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Florian Malard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Line Seguy
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Boulevard Becquerel, 14032, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Guérineau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Apel
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Dumontet
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Aude Robert
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR8126, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR1279, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Claire Groo
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Boulevard Becquerel, 14032, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sandy Desrat
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Malzert-Fréon
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Boulevard Becquerel, 14032, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Joëlle Wiels
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR8126, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France.,UMR9018 CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Ewen Lescop
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Fanny Roussi
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|