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Meurer M, Felisbino F, Müller FB, Somensi LB, Cury BJ, Jerônimo DT, Venzon L, França TCS, Mariott M, Santos AC, Nunes RKS, Boeing T, Bella-Cruz A, Souza PDE, Roman-Junior WA, Arunachalam K, Oliveira RG, Silva LM. Antiulcer mechanisms of the hydroalcoholic extract from Aztec marigolds' medicinal and edible flowers (Tagetes erecta L.). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220427. [PMID: 37556712 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiulcer mechanisms of the dry extract of T. erecta flowers (DETe) were studied here. The acute ulcers induced by acidified ethanol or indomethacin were reproduced in mice pretreated with DETe (3 - 300 mg/kg). The antiulcer activity of DETe was also verified in mice pretreated with NEM, L-NAME, indomethacin, or yohimbine. The antisecretory effect of DETe was verified in rats, and its anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was determined in vitro. DETe (300 mg/kg, p.o) reduced the ethanol- or indomethacin-induced ulcer by 49 and 93%, respectively. The pre-treatment with L-NAME, NEM or yohimbine abolished the gastroprotective effect of DETe. However, DETe did not change the volume, acidity, or peptic activity in rats and did not affect H. pylori. This study expands knowledge about the antiulcerogenic potential of DETe, evidencing the role of nitric oxide, non-protein sulfhydryl groups, α2 adrenergic receptors, and prostaglandins, but not antisecretory or anti-H. pylori properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Meurer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabiula Felisbino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabiana B Müller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Lincon B Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Sociedade, Universidade Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe, Rua Victor Baptista Adami, 800, Centro, 89500-000 Caçador, SC, Brazil
| | - Benhur J Cury
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniele T Jerônimo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa Venzon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Tauani C S França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Marihá Mariott
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana C Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Ruan Kaio S Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bella-Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila DE Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Walter A Roman-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Efapi, 89809-900 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruberlei G Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Escola de Educação Física (Programa de Pós-Graduação), Avenida Universitária, 3500, Parque Universitário, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Luisa M Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisas Farmacêuticas Químicas (NIQFAR), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 89809-900 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Las Heras Etayo N, Llamas F, Acedo C. Ethnobotanical Research and Compilation of the Medicinal Uses in Spain and the Active Principles of Chiliadenus glutinosus (L.) Fourr. for the Scientific Validation of Its Therapeutic Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:584. [PMID: 33808620 PMCID: PMC8003562 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The species Chiliadenus glutinosus (L.) Fourr. has a large number of therapeutic uses reported in the traditional Spanish medicine. The growing interest in preserving the ethnopharmacological knowledge related to the botanical diversity existing in Spain and the interest in achieving scientific validation of the therapeutic properties of medicinal species has led to the development of this study. To do it, all the known medicinal uses of Ch. glutinosus in Spain were compiled, then an exhaustive bibliographic research on its chemical composition was carried out, and finally, an in silico validation of the bioactive phytochemicals present in a higher proportion in the essential oil of Ch. glutinosus: camphor, borneol, lucinone, glutinone, quercetin, kutdtriol, and kaempferol; in an attempt to justify the reported traditional uses of the species. It was found that much of the traditional medicinal uses of Ch. glutinosus, along with the biological activity of its phytochemicals, are supported by scientific evidence. The results place this species in a prominent position to initiate possible lines of research to develop new, more effective drugs and improve therapies to treat conditions and diseases that affect the different organic systems of the human being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Las Heras Etayo
- Biodiversity and Environment Management Department, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of León, 24007 León, Spain;
| | | | - Carmen Acedo
- Biodiversity and Environment Management Department, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of León, 24007 León, Spain;
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Cui G, Wei F, Wei M, Xie L, Lin Z, Feng X. Modulatory effect of Tagetes erecta flowers essential oils via Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB/p65 axis mediated suppression of N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitroguanidine (MNNG) induced gastric cancer in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1541-1554. [PMID: 33394271 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protective effect of Tagetes erecta flowers essential oils was investigated on oxidative stress, immune response, inflammation, and apoptosis against N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitroguanidine (MNNG) induced gastric cancer in rats. Essential oil were extracted from Tagetes erecta flowers and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For observing a protective effect against MNNG induced gastric cancer, we divided rats into 4 groups (group A to D) having 10 rats in each group. Performed various experiments and measured a different parameters to investigate antioxidant activity, immune response, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity. The levels of malondialdehyde were markedly increased in the presence of N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitroguanidine, whereas, the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, and catalase were lowered in the treated rats in contrast with the control. Intervention with TEEO to gastric cancer-induced rats upregulated the redox status and the activity of the immune system to decrease cancer risk. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) secretions that were induced by MNNG were markedly inhibited by TEEO. Administration of TEEO also significantly reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling positive gastric cancer cells, expression of mRNA of caspase-3, and Bax. Whereas, the expression of Bcl-2 was increased. Additionally, downregulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and IκBα degradation and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 expression in tissues of the stomach of MNNG-induced-rats were markedly elevated due to TEEO. This suggested possession of TEEO with a protective shield against MNNG induced gastric cancer by the exertion of antioxidative stress, anti-apoptotic response, the anti-inflammatory response through Nrf2/HO-1, and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
- Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
| | - Fei Wei
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, 210023, China
| | - Muxin Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
- Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
| | - Liqun Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
- Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
| | - Zhenyan Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
- Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China.
- Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, 210029, China.
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Study of Antispasmodic and Antidiarrheal Activities of Tagetes lucida (Mexican Tarragon) in Experimental Models and Its Mechanism of Action. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7140642. [PMID: 33193797 PMCID: PMC7641699 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7140642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tagetes lucida has been used in traditional medicine as a remedy to alleviate several gastrointestinal disorders that provoke stomachaches, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. However, there is not enough scientific evidence that supports these effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate antispasmodic and antidiarrheal activities of aqueous extract of T. lucida (AqExt-TL) as well as its mechanism of action in experimental models. Antispasmodic activity and the mechanism of action of AqExt-TL were assessed on segments of the guinea pig ileum precontracted with KCl, acetylcholine (ACh), or electrical field stimulation (EFS). Furthermore, the antispasmodic effect of two coumarins (umbelliferone and herniarin) previously identified in this species was evaluated. Antidiarrheal activity of AqExt-TL was determined using the charcoal meal test in mice. AqExt-TL showed antispasmodic activity in segments of the guinea pig ileum precontracted with KCl (83.7 ± 1.9%) and ACh (77.2 ± 5.3%) at the maximal concentration; however, practically, it did not alter the contractions induced by EFS (10.1 ± 2.2%). Antispasmodic activity of AqExt-TL was not significantly altered by hexamethonium (a ganglionic blocker) or L-NAME (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase). However, this extract decreased the maximal contractile response to calcium (82.7 ± 8.5%), serotonin (68.1 ± 8.5%), and histamine (63.9 ± 5.9%) in their concentration-response curves. Umbelliferone and herniarin also induced an antispasmodic effect on tissues precontracted with KCl. In addition, low doses of AqExt-TL reduced to 50% the distance traveled by charcoal meal in the gastrointestinal transit model in mice as loperamide, an antidiarrheal agent, did. These results provided evidence of the antispasmodic and antidiarrheal activity of T. lucida, which supports its use in the folk medicine in relieving symptoms in some gastrointestinal disorders. In the antispasmodic effect, the blockade of histaminergic and serotoninergic pathway as well as the calcium channels seems to be involved. Finally, umbelliferone and herniarin could be partially responsible for the antispasmodic activity induced by T. lucida.
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Nigusse T, Zhang L, Wang R, Wang XN, Li J, Liu C. Flavonoids in a crude extract of Catha edulis inhibit rat intestinal contraction via blocking Ca 2+ channels. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13602. [PMID: 31012198 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies show that Catha edulis inhibits gastrointestinal tract motility. However, there is little or no information on its effect on colon motility and the mechanism of action and active constituents responsible for this effect. This study therefore attempted to discern the effect, suggest the mechanism, and identify the active compounds from the crude extract. METHODS A crude extract of Catha edulis was fractionated and subfractionated using column chromatography and HPLC. The activity of all fractions and subfractions was evaluated on rat colon longitudinal muscle. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data elucidations were used to identify the active compounds. An ileal segment preparation was used to investigate the possible mechanism of action. RESULTS The crude extract of Catha edulis (0.05-0.5 mg/mL) inhibited spontaneous contraction of rat colon and ileum (P < 0.05), and tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10 µmol/L) failed to block this effect. Similar to verapamil (0.01-0.1 μmol/L), the Catha edulis extract (0.05-0.5 mg/mL) inhibited high K+ (80 mmol/L)-induced sustained ileal contraction and decreased the response to Ca2+ . Analysis of the NMR data showed that quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin were the active phytochemicals. All the identified compounds were flavonoids and significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) spontaneous contraction of the rat colon longitudinal muscle compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The crude extract of Catha edulis has a spasmolytic effect on the rat ileum, which is mediated through blocking Ca2+ channels, and quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin were found to be the causative compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadele Nigusse
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Provincial Key Lab of Mental Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong, China
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Blanco-Salas J, Vazquez FM, Hortigón-Vinagre MP, Ruiz-Tellez T. Bioactive Phytochemicals from Mercurialis spp. Used in Traditional Spanish Medicine. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8070193. [PMID: 31261793 PMCID: PMC6681364 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plants from the genus Mercurialis have a long history of use as herbal remedies in traditional Spanish medicine. The growing interest in the conservation of knowledge related to biodiversity has encouraged us to review the bioactive phytochemicals from the four most widespread Mercurialis species in the Iberian Peninsula (M. annua L., M. ambigua L., M. perennis L., and M. tomentosa L.). First, the medicinal uses of these four species throughout Spain were compiled, and then a bibliographical search on their chemical composition was conducted in an attempt to justify their reported traditional uses. We found that most of the medicinal uses of Mercurialis spp. are supported by scientific evidence. This includes its antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties attributable to the flavonoid rutin and narcissin, respectively; its benefits in the treatment of skin dark spots, attributable to mequinol; and its anti-inflammatory activity, attributable to scopoletin, kaempferol, squalene, and cycloartenol. This review contributes to the validation of the medicinal uses of Mercurialis spp. in Spain and provides some new avenues for further investigations on the biological activity of this interesting medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Blanco-Salas
- Department of Vegetal Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Francisco M Vazquez
- Department of Forest Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Research Agrarian Center La Orden - Valdesequera, Scientific and Technological Research Center of Extremadura (CICYTEX) A5 Km 372, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain
| | - María P Hortigón-Vinagre
- Department of Vegetal Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Trinidad Ruiz-Tellez
- Department of Vegetal Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
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Meurer MC, Mees M, Mariano LNB, Boeing T, Somensi LB, Mariott M, da Silva RDCMVDAF, Dos Santos AC, Longo B, Santos França TC, Klein-Júnior LC, de Souza P, de Andrade SF, da Silva LM. Hydroalcoholic extract of Tagetes erecta L. flowers, rich in the carotenoid lutein, attenuates inflammatory cytokine secretion and improves the oxidative stress in an animal model of ulcerative colitis. Nutr Res 2019; 66:95-106. [PMID: 30979660 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the role of oxidative stress in ulcerative colitis (UC) etiology, and the amount of lutein (a carotenoid with antioxidant properties) in the dry hydroalcoholic extract of Tagetes erecta flowers (DHETE), this study investigated the intestinal anti-inflammatory properties of DHETE in an animal model of UC. The amount of lutein in the extract was determined by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and total phenols, radical scavenger capability, cytotoxicity, and effects on reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production were evaluated in vitro. Experimental UC was established by adding 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to drinking water, with the effects of DHETE (30-300 mg/kg, once a day for 7 days) on the morphological (colon length and weight), clinical (disease activity index and body weight loss), microscopic (histological score and mucin levels), and biochemical parameters analyzed. The lutein concentration found in DHETE was 8.2%, and DHETE scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals at 1000 μg/mL The exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to DHETE did not change its viability but reduced reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In vivo, DHETE (300 mg/kg) attenuated weight loss, disease activity index, colon shortening, and histopathological changes promoted by DSS intake. Moreover, DHETE increased mucin colonic staining. The treatment with DHETE decreased myeloperoxidase activity as well as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 levels. The extract also increased reduced glutathione levels and catalase activity and normalized superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities. In conclusion, DHETE reduced colitis severity by attenuating inflammatory cytokine secretion and improved the endogenous antioxidant defense in DSS-induced UC in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Caroline Meurer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Mariéli Mees
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Luísa Nathalia Bolda Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Marihá Mariott
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Rita de Cássia Melo Vilhena de Andrade Fonseca da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Ana Caroline Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Bruna Longo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Tauini Caroline Santos França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Luiz Carlos Klein-Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Luísa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901.
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