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Xu WT, Shi LL, Xu J, Qian H, Zhou H, Wang LH. Ezrin expression in female reproductive tissues: A review of regulation and pathophysiological implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1125881. [PMID: 36968198 PMCID: PMC10030596 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1125881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, a plasma membrane-microfilament linker, is a cytoskeletal organizer involved in many cellular activities by binding to the membrane protein-ezrin-cytoskeletal protein complex and regulating downstream signal transduction. Increasing evidence demonstrates that ezrin plays an important role in regulating cell polarity, proliferation and invasion. In this study, we analyzed the effects of ezrin on oocytes, follicle development, embryo development and embryo implantation. We reviewed the recent studies on the modalities of ezrin regulation and its involvement in the biological processes of female reproductive physiology and summarized the current research advances in ezrin inhibitors. These studies will provide new strategies and insights for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Xu
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Li Shi
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiqing Qian
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Huifang Zhou, ; Li-Hong Wang,
| | - Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Huifang Zhou, ; Li-Hong Wang,
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2
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Barik GK, Sahay O, Paul D, Santra MK. Ezrin gone rogue in cancer progression and metastasis: An enticing therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188753. [PMID: 35752404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer as it remains the most complicated, devastating, and enigmatic aspect of cancer. Several decades of extensive research have identified several key players closely associated with metastasis. Among these players, cytoskeletal linker Ezrin (the founding member of the ERM (Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin) family) was identified as a critical promoter of metastasis in pediatric cancers in the early 21st century. Ezrin was discovered 40 years ago as a aminor component of intestinal epithelial microvillus core protein, which is enriched in actin-containing cell surface structures. It controls gastric acid secretion and plays diverse physiological roles including maintaining cell polarity, regulating cell adhesion, cell motility and morphogenesis. Extensive research for more than two decades evinces that Ezrin is frequently dysregulated in several human cancers. Overexpression, altered subcellular localization and/or aberrant activation of Ezrin are closely associated with higher metastatic incidence and patient mortality, thereby justifying Ezrin as a valuable prognostic biomarker in cancer. Ezrin plays multifaceted role in multiple aspects of cancer, with its significant contribution in the complex metastatic cascade, through reorganizing the cytoskeleton and deregulating various cellular signaling pathways. Current preclinical studies using genetic and/or pharmacological approaches reveal that inactivation of Ezrin results in significant inhibition of Ezrin-mediated tumor growth and metastasis as well as increase in the sensitivity of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss the recent advances illuminating the molecular mechanisms responsible for Ezrin dysregulation in cancer and its pleiotropic role in cancer progression and metastasis. We also highlight its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in various cancers. More importantly, we put forward some potential questions, which we strongly believe, will stimulate both basic and translational research to better understand Ezrin-mediated malignancy, ultimately leading to the development of Ezrin-targeted cancer therapy for the betterment of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Barik
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Osheen Sahay
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Debasish Paul
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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3
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Hoskin V, Ghaffari A, Laight BJ, SenGupta S, Madarnas Y, Nicol CJB, Elliott BE, Varma S, Greer PA. Targeting the Ezrin Adaptor Protein Sensitizes Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy and Reduces Neoadjuvant Therapy-induced Metastasis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:456-470. [PMID: 36923551 PMCID: PMC10010290 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main cause of cancer-associated deaths is the spread of cancer cells to distant organs. Despite its success in the primary tumor setting, modern chemotherapeutic strategies are rendered ineffective at treating metastatic disease, largely due to the development of resistance. The adaptor protein ezrin has been shown to promote cancer metastasis in multiple preclinical models and is associated with poor prognosis in several cancer types, including breast cancer. Ezrin promotes pro-survival signaling, particularly in disseminated cancer cells, to facilitate metastatic outgrowth. However, the role of ezrin in breast cancer chemoresistance is not fully known. In this study, we show that upregulating or downregulating ezrin expression modifies the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and docetaxel treatment in vitro and is associated with changes in PI3K/Akt and NFκB pathway activation. In addition, we tested the effects of systemic treatment with a small-molecule ezrin inhibitor, NSC668394, on lung metastatic burden in vivo as a monotherapy, or in combination with anthracycline- or taxane-based chemotherapy treatment. We show that anti-ezrin treatment alone reduces metastatic burden and markedly sensitizes metastases to doxorubicin or docetaxel in neoadjuvant as well as neoadjuvant plus adjuvant treatment models. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the impact of anti-ezrin treatment in modulating response to chemotherapy in breast cancer cells as well as the efficacy of anti-ezrin treatment in combination with chemotherapy at reducing metastatic burden. Significance This work provides preclinical evidence for combining anti-ezrin treatment with chemotherapy as a novel strategy for effectively targeting metastasis, particularly in a neoadjuvant treatment setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hoskin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdi Ghaffari
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian J Laight
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandip SenGupta
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christopher J B Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce E Elliott
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonal Varma
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Bahrami A, Ferns GA. Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Value of miR-148b in Human Cancers. Curr Mol Med 2022; 22:860-869. [PMID: 34961461 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666211213123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) is a class of conserved, small, noncoding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miR-148b is a member of miR- 148/152 family generally known to be a tumor suppressor via its effect on different signaling pathways and regulatory genes. Aberrant expression of miR-148b has recently been shown to be responsible for tumorigenesis of several different cancer types. This review discusses the current evidence regarding the involvement of miR-148b expression in human cancers and its potential clinical importance for tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, UK
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5
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miRNA- and lncRNA-Based Therapeutics for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Moving towards an RNA-Guided Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246324. [PMID: 34944942 PMCID: PMC8699447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a very heterogenous class of hematological cancers, with variable patient outcomes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches. MiRNAs and lncRNAs have emerged as the central gene expression regulators, and their deregulation has been reported to be involved in lymphomagenesis. Given their ability to simultaneously modulate multiple targets, they provide an attractive therapeutic approach to treat NHL patients. In this review, we discuss the scientific rationale behind miRNA/lncRNA-based therapies in NHL and the different targeting technologies, such as antisense oligonucleotides, CRISPR-Cas9, and nanomedicines. Abstract Increasing evidence has demonstrated the functional roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in lymphoma onset and progression, either by acting as tumor-promoting ncRNAs or as tumor suppressors, emphasizing their appeal as lymphoma therapeutics. In fact, their intrinsic ability to modulate multiple dysregulated genes and/or signaling pathways makes them an attractive therapeutic approach for a multifactorial pathology like lymphoma. Currently, the clinical application of miRNA- and lncRNA-based therapies still faces obstacles regarding effective delivery systems, off-target effects, and safety, which can be minimized with the appropriate chemical modifications and the development of tumor site-specific delivery approaches. Moreover, miRNA- and lncRNA-based therapeutics are being studied not only as monotherapies but also as complements of standard treatment regimens to provide a synergic effect, improving the overall treatment efficacy and reducing the therapeutic resistance. In this review, we summarize the fundamentals of miRNA- and lncRNA-based therapeutics by discussing the different types of delivery systems, with a focus on those that have been investigated in lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we described the ongoing clinical trials of novel miRNA- and lncRNA-based therapeutics in lymphoma.
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6
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Dorraki N, Ghale-Noie ZN, Ahmadi NS, Keyvani V, Bahadori RA, Nejad AS, Aschner M, Pourghadamyari H, Mollazadeh S, Mirzaei H. miRNA-148b and its role in various cancers. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1939-1960. [PMID: 34852637 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNA-148b belongs to the family miR-148/-152, with significant differences in nonseed sequences, which can target diverse mRNA molecules. Reportedly, it may undergo deregulation in lung and ovarian cancers and downregulation in gastric, pancreatic and colon cancers. However, there is a need for further studies to better characterize its mechanism of action and in different types of cancer. In this review, we focus on the aberrant expression of miR-148b in different cancer types and highlight its main target genes and signaling pathways, as well as its pathophysiologic role and relevance to tumorigenesis in several types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Dorraki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Sadegh Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Arash Salmani Nejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products & Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry & Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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7
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Peixoto da Silva S, Caires HR, Bergantim R, Guimarães JE, Vasconcelos MH. miRNAs mediated drug resistance in hematological malignancies. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:283-302. [PMID: 33757848 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite improvements in the therapeutic approaches for hematological malignancies in the last decades, refractory disease still occurs, and cancer drug resistance still remains a major hurdle in the clinical management of these cancer patients. The investigation of this problem has been extensive and different mechanism and molecules have been associated with drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been described as having an important action in the emergence of cancer, including hematological tumors, and as being major players in their progression, aggressiveness and response to treatments. Moreover, miRNAs have been strongly associated with cancer drug resistance and with the modulation of the sensitivity of cancer cells to a wide array of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, this role has also been reported for miRNAs packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs-miRNAs), which in turn have been described as essential for the horizontal transfer of drug resistance to sensitive cells. Several studies have been suggesting the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for drug response and clinical outcome prediction, as well as promising therapeutic tools in hematological diseases. Indeed, the combination of miRNA-based therapeutic tools with conventional drugs contributes to overcome drug resistance. This review addresses the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of hematological malignances, namely multiple myeloma, leukemias and lymphomas, highlighting their important action (either in their cell-free circulating form or within circulating EVs) in drug resistance and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peixoto da Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R Caires
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Bergantim
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Hematology, Hospital São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Hematology, FMUP - Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - José E Guimarães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Hematology, FMUP - Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, IUCSCESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Overcome the tumor immunotherapy resistance by combination of the HDAC6 inhibitors with antitumor immunomodulatory agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104754. [PMID: 33677416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy is currently subject of intense scientific and clinical developments. In previous decade, therapists used natural immune system from the human body to treat several diseases. Although tumor immune disease is a big challenge, combinatorial therapeutic strategy has been succeeded to show the clinical significance. In this context, we discuss the HDAC6 and tumor immune diseases relationship. Also, we summarized the current state of knowledge that based on the combination treatments of the HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6is) with antitumor immunomodulatory agents. We observed that, the combination therapies slow down the tumor immune diseases by blocking the aggresome and proteasome pathway. The combination therapy was able to reduce M2 macrophage and increasing PD-L1 blockade sensitivity. Most importantly, multiple combinations of HDAC6is with other agents may consider as potential strategies to treat tumor immune diseases, by reducing the side effects and improve efficacy for the future clinical development.
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9
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Shi Y, Ding D, Qu R, Tang Y, Hao S. Non-Coding RNAs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12097-12112. [PMID: 33262609 PMCID: PMC7699984 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying DLBCL have not been fully elucidated, and approximately 40% of patients who undergo standard chemoimmunotherapy still present with primary refractory disease or relapse. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a group of biomolecules functioning at the RNA level, are increasingly recognized as vital components of molecular biology. With the development of RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology, accumulating evidence shows that ncRNAs are important mediators of diverse biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. They are also considered promising biomarkers and better candidates than proteins and genes for the early recognition of disease onset, as they are associated with relative stability, specificity, and reproducibility. In this review, we provide the first comprehensive description of the current knowledge regarding three groups of ncRNAs-microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-focusing on their characteristics, molecular functions, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic potential in DLBCL. This review provides an exhaustive account for researchers to explore novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of DLBCL and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daihong Ding
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongfeng Qu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Hao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Song Y, Ma X, Zhang M, Wang M, Wang G, Ye Y, Xia W. Ezrin Mediates Invasion and Metastasis in Tumorigenesis: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:588801. [PMID: 33240887 PMCID: PMC7683424 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, as encoded by the EZR gene, is a member of the Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) family. The ERM family includes three highly related actin filament binding proteins, Ezrin, Radixin, and Moesin. These three members share similar structural properties containing an N-terminal domain named FERM, a central helical linker region, and a C-terminal domain that mediates the interaction with F-actin. Ezrin protein is highly regulated through the conformational change between a closed, inactivate form and an open, active form. As a membrane-cytoskeleton linker protein, Ezrin facilitates numerous signal transductions in tumorigenesis and mediates diverse essential functions through interactions with a variety of growth factor receptors and adhesion molecules. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that Ezrin is an oncogene protein, as high levels of Ezrin are associated with metastatic behavior in various types of cancer. The diverse functions attributed to Ezrin and the understanding of how Ezrin drives the deadly process of metastasis are complex and often controversial. Here by reviewing recent findings across a wide spectrum of cancer types we will highlight the structures, protein interactions and oncogenic roles of Ezrin as well as the emerging therapeutic agents targeting Ezrin. This review provides a comprehensive framework to guide future studies of Ezrin and other ERM proteins in basic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Song
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokun Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Fuertes T, Ramiro AR, de Yebenes VG. miRNA-Based Therapies in B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:932-947. [PMID: 32888820 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse class of hematological cancers, many of which arise from germinal center (GC)-experienced B cells. Thus GCs, the sites of antibody affinity maturation triggered during immune responses, also provide an environment that facilitates B cell oncogenic transformation. miRNAs provide attractive and mechanistically different strategies to treat these malignancies based on their potential for simultaneous modulation of multiple targets. Here, we discuss the scientific rationale for miRNA-based therapeutics in B cell neoplasias and review recent advances that may help establish a basis for novel candidate miRNA-based therapies for B cell-NHL (B-NHL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fuertes
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Virginia G de Yebenes
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Clinical Features and Prognostic Impact of Coexpression Modules Constructed by WGCNA for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7947208. [PMID: 32596373 PMCID: PMC7298280 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7947208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, accounting for 30-40% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Our aim was to construct novel prognostic models of candidate genes based on clinical features. Methods RNA-seq and clinical data of DLBCL were retrieved from TCGA database. Coexpression modules were constructed by WGCNA. Then, we investigated the interactions between modules and clinical features. By overall survival analysis, prognostic candidate genes from modules of interest were identified. A coexpression network of prognostic candidate genes was then constructed through WGCNA. GEPIA was used to analyze the expression of a candidate gene between DLBCL and normal samples. Results 19 coexpression modules were constructed by 12813 genes from 52 DLBCL samples. The number of genes in modules ranged from 34 to 5457. We found that the purple module was significantly related with histological type (p value = 1e-04). Overall survival analysis revealed that MAFA-AS1, hsa-mir-338, and hsa-mir-891a were related with prognosis of DLBCL (p value = 0.027, 0.039, and 0.022, respectively). A coexpression network was constructed for the three prognostic genes. MAFA-AS1 was interacted with 36 genes, hsa-mir-891a was interacted with 11 genes, while no gene showed interaction with hsa-mir-338. Using GEPIA, we found that MAFA-AS1 showed low expression in DLBCL samples (p < 0.01). Conclusion We constructed a coexpression module related with histological type and identified three candidate genes (MAFA-AS1, hsa-mir-338, and hsa-mir-891a) that possessed potential value as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of DLBCL.
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