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Zhao X, Li L, Ma X, Li Y, Gao B, Luo W. The role of immune and inflammatory-related indicators in cognitive dysfunction and disease severity in patients with parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:13-24. [PMID: 37864052 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the role of immune and inflammatory indicators in cognitive dysfunction and disease severity in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). A total of 123 patients with Parkinson's disease were enrolled in the PD group and 49 healthy volunteers in the control group. The patients with PD were further divided into 2 subgroups by evaluating cognitive function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): the normal cognitive function (PD-NCI) group and the mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) group. Moreover, the PD patients were also divided into 2 subgroups using the defined scale of the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage: the early-stage group and the middle- and late-stage group. Immune and inflammatory indicators, including serum Aβ1-42, Tau, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+, B lymphocytes cell, NK cell, Th17 cell, Treg cell, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α levels, were evaluated and analyzed to explore the potential correlation with the cognitive dysfunction and disease severity of PD. Among the 123 PD patients, 60 (48.8%) were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment. Aβ1-42, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+, and Treg levels observed in the PD-NCI group were lower than the control group (P < 0.001), while higher than the PD-MCI group (P < 0.001). The levels of Tau, Th17, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α observed in the PD-NCI group were higher than the control group (P < 0.001), while lower than in the PD-MCI group (P < 0.01). Using the same method, the results of the early-stage group and the middle- and the late-stage group were the same as above. Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve estimation were performed and indicated that the variation of Tau, CD8+, Treg, TNF-α levels was associated with cognitive decline in PD patients, and may serve as markers of PD onset. Furthermore, the variation of Aβ1-42, IL-6, and TNF-α levels was found to correlate with the disease severity of PD. The immune and inflammatory-related indicators may represent an important factor in the pathogenesis of PD, cognitive dysfunction, and disease severity. The variation of Tau protein, CD8+, Treg, and TNF-α levels are associated with the cognitive dysfunction of PD, which may be considered as onset markers. Moreover, the variation of Aβ1-42, IL-6, and TNF-α levels can predict the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiuping Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weifeng Luo
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China.
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2
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Bhuia MS, Rahaman MM, Islam T, Bappi MH, Sikder MI, Hossain KN, Akter F, Al Shamsh Prottay A, Rokonuzzman M, Gürer ES, Calina D, Islam MT, Sharifi-Rad J. Neurobiological effects of gallic acid: current perspectives. Chin Med 2023; 18:27. [PMID: 36918923 PMCID: PMC10015939 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic molecule found naturally in a wide range of fruits as well as in medicinal plants. It has many health benefits due to its antioxidant properties. This study focused on finding out the neurobiological effects and mechanisms of GA using published data from reputed databases. For this, data were collected from various sources, such as PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, SpringerLink, and Web of Science. The findings suggest that GA can be used to manage several neurological diseases and disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, strokes, sedation, depression, psychosis, neuropathic pain, anxiety, and memory loss, as well as neuroinflammation. According to database reports and this current literature-based study, GA may be considered one of the potential lead compounds to treat neurological diseases and disorders. More preclinical and clinical studies are required to establish GA as a neuroprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mizanur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
| | - Tawhida Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan Bappi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Iqbal Sikder
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4210 Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Nadim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
| | - Fatama Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4210 Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Shamsh Prottay
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rokonuzzman
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
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Zhou X, Zhao R, Lv M, Xu X, Liu W, Li X, Gao Y, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Li Y, Xu R, Wan Q, Cui Y. ACSL4 promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by regulating lipid metabolism and VGLL4 expression. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:331-343. [PMID: 36791893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) is an important isozyme in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism. The role of ACSL4 in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of microglia, and the effects of ACSL4-mediated inflammation on the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) are unknown. In this study, we found that ACSL4 expression was increased after LPS stimulation. Knocking down ACSL4 in microglia decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. Mechanistically, ACSL4 reduced vestigial-like family member 4(VGLL4) expression to promote NF-κB signal transduction; and ACSL4 regulated lipid composition after LPS stimulation. In addition, knocking down ACSL4 alleviated neuroinflammation in a systemic LPS model and acute l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model. These data revealed ACSL4 to be a novel regulator that promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by regulating VGLL4 expression and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengfei Lv
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yunyi Gao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaolong Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Prunell G, Olivera-Bravo S. A Focus on Astrocyte Contribution to Parkinson's Disease Etiology. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121745. [PMID: 36551173 PMCID: PMC9775515 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease of high prevalence, characterized by the prominent death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which produces dopamine deficiency, leading to classic motor symptoms. Although PD has traditionally been considered as a neuronal cell autonomous pathology, in which the damage of vulnerable neurons is responsible for the disease, growing evidence strongly suggests that astrocytes might have an active role in the neurodegeneration observed. In the present review, we discuss several studies evidencing astrocyte implications in PD, highlighting the consequences of both the loss of normal homeostatic functions and the gain in toxic functions for the wellbeing of dopaminergic neurons. The revised information provides significant evidence that allows astrocytes to be positioned as crucial players in PD etiology, a factor that needs to be taken into account when considering therapeutic targets for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Prunell
- Laboratorio de Neurodegeneración y Neuroprotección, Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (S.O.-B.); Tel.: +598-24871616 (ext. 121 or 123 or 171) (G.P. & S.O.-B.)
| | - Silvia Olivera-Bravo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (S.O.-B.); Tel.: +598-24871616 (ext. 121 or 123 or 171) (G.P. & S.O.-B.)
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Acıkara OB, Karatoprak GŞ, Yücel Ç, Akkol EK, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Khayatkashani M, Kamal MA, Kashani HRK. A Critical Analysis of Quercetin as the Attractive Target for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:795-817. [PMID: 34872486 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211206122407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a multifaceted disorder with various factors suggested to play a synergistic pathophysiological role, such as oxidative stress, autophagy, pro-inflammatory events, and neurotransmitter abnormalities. While it is crucial to discover new treatments in addition to preventing PD, recent studies have focused on determining whether nutraceuticals will exert neuroprotective actions and pharmacological functions in PD. Quercetin, a flavonol-type flavonoid, is found in many fruits and vegetables and is recognised as a complementary therapy for PD. The neuroprotective effect of quercetin is directly associated with its antioxidant activity, in addition to stimulating cellular defence against oxidative stress. Other related mechanisms are activating Sirtuins (SIRT1) and inducing autophagy, in addition to induction of Nrf2-ARE and Paraoxonase 2 (PON2). Quercetin, whose neuroprotective activity has been demonstrated in many studies, unfortunately, has a disadvantage because of its poor water solubility, chemical instability, and low oral bioavailability. It has been reported that the disadvantages of quercetin have been eliminated with nanocarriers loaded with quercetin. The role of nanotechnology and nanodelivery systems in reducing oxidative stress during PD provides an indisputable advantage. Accordingly, the present review aims to shed light on quercetin's beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms in neuroprotection. In addition, the contribution of nanodelivery systems to the neuroprotective effect of quercetin is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Bahadır Acıkara
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandoğan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Yücel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330507, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Resveratrol-based compounds and neurodegeneration: Recent insight in multitarget therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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7
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Mohamad KA, El-Naga RN, Wahdan SA. Neuroprotective effects of indole-3-carbinol on the rotenone rat model of Parkinson's disease: Impact of the SIRT1-AMPK signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 435:115853. [PMID: 34973289 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Although mounting studies have been conducted, no effective therapy is available to halt its progression. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a naturally occurring compound obtained by β-thioglucosidase-mediated autolysis of glucobrassicin in cruciferous vegetables. Besides its powerful antioxidant activity, I3C has shown neuroprotection against depression and chemically induced neurotoxicity via its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of I3C against rotenone (ROT)-induced PD in male albino rats. The possible protective mechanisms were also explored. PD was induced by subcutaneous administration of ROT (2 mg/kg) for 28 days. The effects of I3C (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) were assessed by catalepsy test (bar test), spontaneous locomotor activity, rotarod test, weight change, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, α-synuclein (α-Syn) expression, striatal dopamine (DA) content, and histological examination. The highest dose of I3C (100 mg/kg) was the most effective to prevent ROT-mediated motor dysfunctions and amend striatal DA decrease, weight loss, neurodegeneration, TH expression reduction, and α-Syn expression increase in both the midbrain and striatum. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that the neuroprotective effects of I3C are partially attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects and the activation of the sirtuin 1/AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Altogether, these results suggested that I3C could attenuate biochemical, molecular, and functional changes in a rat PD model with following repeated rotenone exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Mohamad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reem N El-Naga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sara A Wahdan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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8
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Lin Z, Zhou L, Li Y, Liu S, Xie Q, Xu X, Wu J. Identification of potential genomic biomarkers for Parkinson's disease using data pooling of gene expression microarrays. Biomark Med 2021; 15:585-595. [PMID: 33988461 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we aimed to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers Parkinson's disease (PD) by exploring microarray gene expression data of PD patients. Materials & methods: Differentially expressed genes associated with PD were screened from the GSE99039 dataset using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, followed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, gene-gene interaction network analysis and receiver operator characteristics analysis. Results: We identified two PD-associated modules, in which genes from the chemokine signaling pathway were primarily enriched. In particular, CS, PRKCD, RHOG and VAMP2 directly interacted with known PD-associated genes and showed higher expression in the PD samples, and may thus be potential biomarkers in PD diagnosis. Conclusion: A DFG-analysis identified a four-gene panel (CS, PRKCD, RHOG, VAMP2) as a potential diagnostic predictor to diagnose PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, PR China
| | - Lishu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, PR China.,The Clinical College of Peking University, Shenzhen Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, PR China
| | - Yaosha Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, PR China
| | - Suni Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, PR China
| | - Qizhi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, PR China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, PR China
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9
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Dong H, Zhang J, Rong H, Zhang X, Dong M. Paeoniflorin and Plycyrrhetinic Acid Synergistically Alleviate MPP +/MPTP-Induced Oxidative Stress through Nrf2-Dependent Glutathione Biosynthesis Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1100-1111. [PMID: 33724802 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, combination therapy has proven to be an effective strategy for treating polygenic/multifactorial/complex disorder such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we hypothesized that dual up-regulation of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit (GCLc) and GCL modifier subunit (GCLm) via nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) contribute to the antioxidant effect of paeoniflorin (PF) synergistically with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) (henceforth called PF/GA) in the context of MPP+/MPTP neurotoxicity. Expectedly, CompuSyn synergism/antagonism analysis showed that PF/GA exerts synergistic neuroprotection. Moreover, the antioxidant effect of PF was significantly enhanced by the combined administration of GA, although GA alone did not confer the effect. Mechanistically, PF triggered extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, resulting in Nrf2 nuclear translocation from cytoplasmic pool via de novo synthesis in MPP+-challenged SH-SY5Y cells. Concomitantly, GA activates Akt which in turn induces nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Especially, PF/GA up-regulated glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm) are formed via two separate pathways. Furthermore, these results were confirmed through pathway blockade assays using PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), LY294002 (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor), and shRNA-induced Nrf2 knockdown. Additionally, using a mouse MPTP-induced model of PD, we demonstrated that PF/GA synergistically ameliorates both motor deficits and oxidative stress in the ventral midbrain. In parallel, PF/GA also up-regulated both GCLc and GCLm expression at levels of transcription and translation. Conversely, antiparkinsonism and antioxidant effects of PF/GA were not observed in Nrf2-knockout MPTP-mice. Collectively, these results show that ERK1/2 and Akt activation contribute to the synergistic antioxidant effect of PF/GA. Hence, PF/GA regimen warrants further preclinical and possible clinical study for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hua Rong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Miaoxian Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
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10
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Gazerani P. Venoms as an adjunctive therapy for Parkinson's disease: where are we now and where are we going? Future Sci OA 2020; 7:FSO642. [PMID: 33437512 PMCID: PMC7787152 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), are increasing in the aging population. Crucially, neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD is associated with chronic inflammation and glial activation. Besides this, bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, sensory alteration, and cognitive and psychiatric impairments are also present in PD. Currently, no pharmacologically effective treatment alters the progression of the disease. Discovery and development of new treatment strategies remains a focus for ongoing investigations. For example, one approach is cell therapy to prevent dopaminergic neuronal loss or to slow PD progression. The neuroprotective role of a diverse range of natural products, including venoms from bees, scorpions, snakes and lizards, are also being tested in preclinical PD models and in humans. The main findings from recent studies that have investigated venoms as therapeutic options for PD are summarized in this special report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Gazerani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science & Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
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11
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Antunes MS, Cattelan Souza L, Ladd FVL, Ladd AABL, Moreira AL, Bortolotto VC, Silva MRP, Araújo SM, Prigol M, Nogueira CW, Boeira SP. Hesperidin Ameliorates Anxiety-Depressive-Like Behavior in 6-OHDA Model of Parkinson's Disease by Regulating Striatal Cytokine and Neurotrophic Factors Levels and Dopaminergic Innervation Loss in the Striatum of Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3027-3041. [PMID: 32458386 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of hesperidin in a murine model of PD are not fully elucidated. The current study was carried out to investigate the ability of hesperidin in modulating proinflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors, and neuronal recovery in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups: (I) sham/vehicle, (II) sham/hesperidin, (III) 6-OHDA/vehicle, and (IV) 6-OHDA/hesperidin. Mice received a unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA and treated with hesperidin (50 mg/kg; per oral) for 28 days. After hesperidin treatment, mice were submitted to behavioral tests and had the striatum removed for neurochemical assays. Our results demonstrated that oral treatment with hesperidin ameliorated the anxiety-related and depressive-like behaviors in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice (p < 0.05). It also attenuated the striatal levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-gamma, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, and interleukin-6 and increased the levels of neurotrophic factors, including neurotrophin-3, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and nerve growth factor in the striatum of 6-OHDA mice (p < 0.05). Hesperidin treatment was also capable to increase striatal levels of dopamine and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and protects against the impairment of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study indicated that hesperidin exerts anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effect against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity through the modulation of cytokine production, neurotrophic factors levels, and dopaminergic innervation in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Antunes
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Leandro Cattelan Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, 97650-000, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Vagner Lobo Ladd
- Department of Morphology/Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aliny Antunes Barbosa Lobo Ladd
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy, Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lopez Moreira
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy, Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rósula Poetini Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Stífani Machado Araújo
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Silvana Peterini Boeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, 97650-000, Brazil
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Gallic Acid Attenuated LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation: Protein Aggregation and Necroptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:96-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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