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Bahmei A, Karimi F, Mahini SM, Irandoost H, Tandel P, Niknam H, Tamaddon G. Targeting telomerase with MST-312 leads to downregulation of CCND1, MDM2, MYC, and HSP90AA1 and induce apoptosis in Jurkat cell line. Med Oncol 2024; 41:267. [PMID: 39400638 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a challenging disease to treat, especially in older adults who are most commonly diagnosed and have a high risk of relapse, even with current treatment options. MST-312, targets the RNA component of telomerase, inhibiting its activity and leading to growth arrest and telomere shortening in cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MST-312 on apoptosis rates and the expression of telomerase target genes, CCND1, MDM2, MYC, and HSP90AA1, in Jurkat cell line. Jurkat cell line was cultured and treated with various concentrations of MST-312(0 µM, 0.5 µM, 1 µM, 2 µM, and 4 µM). The optimal concentration of MST-312 was determined using MTT assay. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate the apoptosis induced by MST-312 treatment. The expression levels of the target genes were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction before and after the treatment with MST-312. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The percentages of apoptotic cells after 48 h, as determined by flow cytometry analysis, were 30.32%, 52.35%, 57.60%, and 68.82%, respectively, compared to the control group which was 4.6%. The expression levels of all genes, including CCND1, MDM2, MYC, and HSP90AA1, were decreased compared to the control group. The results showed that MST-312 induced dose- and time-dependent apoptosis and downregulated the expression of CCND1, MDM2, MYC, and HSP90AA1in Jurkat cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Bahmei
- Division of Hematology and Blood Bank, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Daneshbod Path Lab, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Moein Mahini
- Division of Hematology and Blood Bank, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Irandoost
- Division of Hematology and Blood Bank, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Tandel
- Division of Hematology and Blood Bank, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Homa Niknam
- Division of Hematology and Blood Bank, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholmhossein Tamaddon
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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2
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Ashoub MH, Amiri M, Fatemi A, Farsinejad A. Evaluation of ferroptosis-based anti-leukemic activities of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green route against Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (Nalm-6 and REH). Heliyon 2024; 10:e36608. [PMID: 39263164 PMCID: PMC11387337 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Our research presents an efficient and practical method for producing Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), which have anti-leukemic effects based on ferroptosis. Methods The black cardamom extract was employed as a capping and reducing agent for the green synthesis. The NPs have been characterized via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, leukemic and normal cells were exposed to ZnO NPs (25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 300 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. The cell vitality was then measured using the MTT test. Moreover, ferroptosis indicators were assessed via commercial testing kits, and finally, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to measure gene expression and cell death. Results The findings displayed that green synthesized ZnO NPs reduced the survival of leukemic cells, with IC50 values of 150.89 μg/ml for Nalm-6 and 101.31 μg/ml for REH cells after 48 h. The ZnO NPs increased ferroptosis by significantly increasing MDA, intracellular iron, ACSL4, ALOX15, and p53 mRNA expressions while significantly decreasing GSH and GPx activity levels and SLC7A11 and GPx4 mRNA expressions. On the other hand, ZnO NPs exhibited no toxicity toward normal cells. Conclusions The research suggests that ZnO NPs synthesized using the green approach can induce ferroptosis in leukemic cells by disrupting redox homeostasis and increasing intracellular iron levels, potentially enhancing the benefits of anti-leukemic therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hossein Ashoub
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Amiri
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fatemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Jayaprasad AG, Chandrasekharan A, Arun Jyothi SP, John Sam SM, Santhoshkumar TR, Pillai MR. Telomerase inhibitors induce mitochondrial oxidation and DNA damage-dependent cell death rescued by Bcl-2/Bcl-xL. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130151. [PMID: 38403227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactivation of telomerase is a hallmark of cancer and the majority of cancers over-express telomerase. Telomerase-dependent telomere length maintenance confers immortality to cancer cells. However, telomere length-independent cell survival functions of telomerase also play a critical role in tumorigenesis. Multiple telomerase inhibitors have been developed as therapeutics and include anti-sense oligonucleotides, telomerase RNA component targeting agents, chemical inhibitors of telomerase, small molecule inhibitors of hTERT, and telomerase vaccine. In general, telomerase inhibitors affect cell proliferation and survival of cells depending on the telomere length reduction, culminating in replicative senescence or cell death by crisis. However, most telomerase inhibitors kill cancer cells prior to significant reduction in telomere length, suggesting telomere length independent role of telomerase in early telomere dysfunction-dependent cell death. METHODS In this study, we explored the mechanism of cell death induced by three prominent telomerase inhibitors utilizing a series of genetically encoded sensor cells including redox and DNA damage sensor cells. RESULTS We report that telomerase inhibitors induce early cell cycle inhibition, followed by redox alterations at cytosol and mitochondria. Massive mitochondrial oxidation and DNA damage induce classical cell death involving mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss and mitochondrial permeabilization. Real-time imaging of the progression of mitochondrial oxidation revealed that treated cells undergo a biphasic mitochondrial redox alteration during telomerase inhibition, emphasizing the potential role of telomerase in the redox regulation at mitochondria. Additionally, silencing of hTERT confirmed its predominant role in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis. Interestingly, the study also demonstrated that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins still confer protection against cell death induced by telomerase inhibitors. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that redox alterations and DNA damage contribute to early cell death by telomerase inhibitors and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins confer protection from cell death by their ability to safeguard mitochondria from oxidation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Geetha Jayaprasad
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; PhD Program, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - S P Arun Jyothi
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - S M John Sam
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
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Bartoszewska E, Molik K, Woźniak M, Choromańska A. Telomerase Inhibition in the Treatment of Leukemia: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:427. [PMID: 38671875 PMCID: PMC11047729 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukemia, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and differentiation blockage of myeloid or lymphoid precursor cells, presents significant therapeutic challenges despite current treatment modalities like chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Pursuing novel therapeutic strategies that selectively target leukemic cells is critical for improving patient outcomes. Natural products offer a promising avenue for developing effective chemotherapy and preventive measures against leukemia, providing a rich source of biologically active compounds. Telomerase, a key enzyme involved in chromosome stabilization and mainly active in cancer cells, presents an attractive target for intervention. In this review article, we focus on the anti-leukemic potential of natural substances, emphasizing vitamins (such as A, D, and E) and polyphenols (including curcumin and indole-3-carbinol), which, in combination with telomerase inhibition, demonstrate reduced cytotoxicity compared to conventional chemotherapies. We discuss the role of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), particularly its mRNA expression, as a potential therapeutic target, highlighting the promise of natural compounds in leukemia treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Bartoszewska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Klaudia Molik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Choromańska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Katoueezadeh M, Maleki P, Torabizadeh SA, Farsinejad A, Khalilabadi RM, Valandani HM, Nurain IO, Ashoub MH, Fatemi A. Combinatorial targeting of telomerase and DNA-PK induces synergistic apoptotic effects against Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:163. [PMID: 38252348 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high demand for novel approaches for leukemia-targeted therapy, this study investigates the impact of DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441 on the sensitivity of pre-B ALL cells to the telomerase inhibitor MST-312. METHODS The study involved NALM-6 cells treated with MST-312 and NU7441, assessing their viability and metabolic activity using trypan blue and MTT assays. The study also evaluated apoptosis, gene expression changes, and DNA damage using flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and micronucleus assays. The binding energy of MST-312 in the active site of telomerase was calculated using molecular docking. RESULTS The study's findings revealed a synergistic decline in both cell viability and metabolic activity in NALM-6 cells when exposed to the combined treatment of MST-312 and NU7441, and this decrease occurred without any adverse effects on healthy PBMC cells. Furthermore, the combination treatment exhibited a significantly higher induction of apoptosis than treatment with MST-312 alone, as observed through flow cytometry assay. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that this enhanced apoptosis was associated with a notable downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and an upregulation of Bax gene expression. Moreover, the combination therapy decreased expression levels of hTERT and c-Myc genes. The micronucleus assay indicated that the combination treatment increased DNA damage in NALM-6 cells. Also, a good conformation between MST-312 and the active site of telomerase was revealed by docking data. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that simultaneous inhibition of telomerase and DNA-PK in pre-B ALL presents a novel targeted therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Katoueezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parisa Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Atekeh Torabizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roohollah Mirzaee Khalilabadi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hajar Mardani Valandani
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ismaila Olanrewaju Nurain
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Hossein Ashoub
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fatemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.
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Bakun P, Mlynarczyk DT, Koczorowski T, Cerbin-Koczorowska M, Piwowarczyk L, Kolasiński E, Stawny M, Kuźmińska J, Jelińska A, Goslinski T. Tea-break with epigallocatechin gallate derivatives - Powerful polyphenols of great potential for medicine. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115820. [PMID: 37776575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol present in green tea (Camellia sinensis), which has revealed anti-cancer effects toward a variety of cancer cells in vitro and protective potential against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Unfortunately, EGCG presents disappointing bioavailability after oral administration, primarily due to its chemical instability and poor absorption. Due to these limitations, EGCG is currently not used in medication, but only as a dietary supplement in the form of green tea extract. Therefore, it needs further modifications before being considered suitable for extensive medical applications. In this article, we review the scientific literature about EGCG derivatives focusing on their biological properties and potential medical applications. The most common chemical modifications of epigallocatechin gallate rely on introducing fatty acid chains or sugar molecules to its chemical structure to modify solubility. Another frequently employed procedure is based on blocking EGCG's hydroxyl groups with various substituents. Novel derivatives reveal interesting properties, of which, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antimicrobial, are especially important. It is worth noting that the most promising EGCG derivatives present higher stability and activity than base EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bakun
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland.
| | - Dariusz T Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
| | - Tomasz Koczorowski
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska
- Chair and Department of Medical Education, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7, Poznań, 60-806, Poland; Edinburgh Medical School: Medical Education, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, EH16 4SB, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ludwika Piwowarczyk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
| | - Emil Kolasiński
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
| | - Maciej Stawny
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
| | - Joanna Kuźmińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
| | - Anna Jelińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland.
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7
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Shen Z, Wang Y, Wang G, Gu W, Zhao S, Hu X, Liu W, Cai Y, Ma Z, Gautam RK, Jia J, Wan CC, Yan T. Research progress of small-molecule drugs in targeting telomerase in human cancer and aging. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110631. [PMID: 37451664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are unique structures located at the ends of linear chromosomes, responsible for stabilizing chromosomal structures. They are synthesized by telomerase, a reverse transcriptase ribonucleoprotein complex. Telomerase activity is generally absent in human somatic cells, except in stem cells and germ cells. Every time a cell divides, the telomere sequence is shortened, eventually leading to replicative senescence and cell apoptosis when the telomeres reach a critical limit. However, most human cancer cells exhibit increased telomerase activity, allowing them to divide continuously. The importance of telomerase in cancer and aging has made developing drugs targeting telomerase a focus of research. Such drugs can inhibit cancer cell growth and delay aging by enhancing telomerase activity in telomere-related syndromes or diseases. This review provides an overview of telomeres, telomerase, and their regulation in cancer and aging, and highlights small-molecule drugs targeting telomerase in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuanhui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guanzhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shengchao Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, China; Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, 453331, India
| | - Jia Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; Translational Medicine Center, Zhejiang Xinda hospital, School of Medicine&Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313099, China.
| | - Chunpeng Craig Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Tingdong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; Translational Medicine Center, Zhejiang Xinda hospital, School of Medicine&Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313099, China.
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8
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da Mota THA, Camargo R, Biojone ER, Guimarães AFR, Pittella-Silva F, de Oliveira DM. The Relevance of Telomerase and Telomere-Associated Proteins in B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030691. [PMID: 36980962 PMCID: PMC10048576 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres and telomerase are closely linked to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, immortalization and carcinogenesis. Telomerase has been largely studied in the context of cancer, including leukemias. Deregulation of human telomerase gene hTERT is a well-established step in leukemia development. B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) recovery rates exceed 90% in children; however, the relapse rate is around 20% among treated patients, and 10% of these are still incurable. This review highlights the biological and clinical relevance of telomerase for B-ALL and the implications of its canonical and non-canonical action on signaling pathways in the context of disease and treatment. The physiological role of telomerase in lymphocytes makes the study of its biomarker potential a great challenge. Nevertheless, many works have demonstrated that high telomerase activity or hTERT expression, as well as short telomeres, correlate with poor prognosis in B-ALL. Telomerase and related proteins have been proven to be promising pharmacological targets. Likewise, combined therapy with telomerase inhibitors may turn out to be an alternative strategy for B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tales Henrique Andrade da Mota
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Camargo
- Brasília Children’s Hospital José Alencar, Brasilia 70684-831, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Reis Guimarães
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Fabio Pittella-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
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9
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Ma L, Gong Q, Chen Y, Luo P, Chen J, Shi C. Targeting positive cofactor 4 induces autophagic cell death in MYC-expressing diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Exp Hematol 2023; 119-120:42-57.e4. [PMID: 36642374 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
MYC-expressing diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the refractory lymphomas. Currently, the pathogenesis of MYC-expressing DLBCL is still unclear, and there is a lack of effective therapy. We characterized positive cofactor 4 (PC4) as an upstream regulator of c-Myc, and PC4 is overexpressed in DLBCL and is closely related to clinical staging, prognosis, and c-Myc expression. Furthermore, our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that PC4 knockdown can induce autophagic cell death and enhance the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin in MYC-expressing DLBCL. Inhibition of c-Myc-mediated aerobic glycolysis and activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway are responsible for the autophagic cell death induced by PC4 knockdown in MYC-expressing DLBCL. Using dual-luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay assays, we also found that PC4 exerts its oncogenic functions by directly binding to c-Myc promoters. To sum up, our study provides novel insights into the functions and mechanisms of PC4 in MYC-expressing DLBCL and suggests that PC4 may be a promising therapeutic target for MYC-expressing DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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10
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Telomerase inhibitor MST-312 and quercetin synergistically inhibit cancer cell proliferation by promoting DNA damage. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101569. [PMID: 36274541 PMCID: PMC9596868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a natural flavonoid with well-established anti-proliferative activities against a variety of cancers. Telomerase inhibitor MST-312 also exhibits anti-proliferative effect on various cancer cells independent of its effect on telomere shortening. However, due to their low absorption and toxicity at higher doses, their clinical development is limited. In the present study, we examine the synergistic potential of their combination in cancer cells, which may result in a decrease in the therapeutic dosage of these compounds. We report that MST-312 and quercetin exhibit strong synergism in ovarian cancer cells with combination index range from 0.2 to 0.7. Co-treatment with MST-312 and quercetin upregulates the DNA damage and augments apoptosis when compared to treatment with either compound alone or a vehicle. We also examined the effect of these compounds on the proliferation of normal ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSEs). MST-312 has a cytoprotective impact in OSEs at lower dosages, but is inhibitory at higher doses. Quercetin did not affect the OSEs proliferation at low concentrations while at higher concentrations it is inhibitory. Notably, combination of MST-312 and quercetin had no discernible impact on OSEs. These observations have significant implications for future efforts towards maximizing efficacy in cancer therapeutics as this co-treatment specifically affects cancer cells and reduces the effective dosage of both the compounds.
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11
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Masoud M, Maryam SSP, Mahla SB, Mehrnaz KS, Mahla L, Reza V, Bahareh K, Tania D, Alireza F. Elevated Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio: A Cytotoxic Mode of Action of Kermanian Propolis Against an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line, NALM-6. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2022; 38:649-657. [PMID: 36258739 PMCID: PMC9569251 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-022-01522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, alternative cancer remedies, especially herbal-derived medicines, have attracted great interest. Propolis, a honeybee-produced naturopathic formulation, is an available, affordable, and safe example of such remedies with different content according to its geographic location. Findings regarding the protective properties of this resinous substance across numerous pathological conditions are promising. Although the anti-tumor effects of propolis from different origins have been explored to some degree, yet there is no study on the effects of Kermanian propolis in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Accordingly, the objective of the present experiment was to divulge the anti-tumor potential of this bioactive substance both as monotherapy and in combination with doxorubicin against an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (NALM-6).The viability of cells treated with Kermanian propolis (5-500 μg/mL) and doxorubicin (5-100 μg/mL) was analyzed during 72 h. Based on the MTT results, the best incubation time, IC50 concentrations, and finally the cytotoxicity of the combination therapy were ascertained. Next, the apoptotic rate and expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2 and Bax) were assessed in mono and combination therapies using flow cytometry and real-time PCR assays, respectively. Kermanian propolis and doxorubicin have impressive tumor-suppressing activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 concentrations: 100 and 40 μg/mL respectively). The best incubation time was considered 48 h. For the combination approach, 50 and 10 μg/mL were determined as optimum concentrations of the compounds. The selected concentrations induced notable apoptosis in the studied cells through significant (P < 0.01) upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 level. The present study clearly suggests that Kermanian propolis, as an adjunct treatment option, has a promising apoptosis-induced cell death potential in the NALM-6 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moghadari Masoud
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Samareh Salavati pour Maryam
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sattarzadeh Bardsiri Mahla
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kouhbananinejad Seyedeh Mehrnaz
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Lashkari Mahla
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahidi Reza
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kashani Bahareh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dehesh Tania
- Institute for Futures Studies, Modeling in Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farsinejad Alireza
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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12
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Gao J, Pickett HA. Targeting telomeres: advances in telomere maintenance mechanism-specific cancer therapies. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:515-532. [PMID: 35790854 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells establish replicative immortality by activating a telomere-maintenance mechanism (TMM), be it telomerase or the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. Targeting telomere maintenance represents an intriguing opportunity to treat the vast majority of all cancer types. Whilst telomerase inhibitors have historically been heralded as promising anticancer agents, the reality has been more challenging, and there are currently no therapeutic options for cancer types that use ALT despite their aggressive nature and poor prognosis. In this Review, we discuss the mechanistic differences between telomere maintenance by telomerase and ALT, the current methods used to detect each mechanism, the utility of these tests for clinical diagnosis, and recent developments in the therapeutic strategies being employed to target both telomerase and ALT. We present notable developments in repurposing established therapeutic agents and new avenues that are emerging to target cancer types according to which TMM they employ. These opportunities extend beyond inhibition of telomere maintenance, by finding and exploiting inherent weaknesses in the telomeres themselves to trigger rapid cellular effects that lead to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Gao
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Vitamin D3, arsenic trioxide, or combination therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Rafat A, Dizaji Asl K, Mazloumi Z, Movassaghpour AA, Farahzadi R, Nejati B, Nozad Charoudeh H. Telomerase-based therapies in haematological malignancies. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:199-212. [PMID: 35103334 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are specialized genetic structures present at the end of all eukaryotic linear chromosomes. They progressively get shortened after each cell division due to end replication problems. Telomere shortening (TS) and chromosomal instability cause apoptosis and massive cell death. Following oncogene activation and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes, cells acquire mechanisms such as telomerase expression and alternative lengthening of telomeres to maintain telomere length (TL) and prevent initiation of cellular senescence or apoptosis. Significant TS, telomerase activation and alteration in expression of telomere-associated proteins are frequent features of different haematological malignancies that reflect on the progression, response to therapy and recurrence of these diseases. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that has a pivotal role in maintaining the TL. However, telomerase activity in most somatic cells is insufficient to prevent TS. In 85-90% of tumour cells, the critically short telomeric length is maintained by telomerase activation. Thus, overexpression of telomerase in most tumour cells is a potential target for cancer therapy. In this review, alteration of telomeres, telomerase and telomere-associated proteins in different haematological malignancies and related telomerase-based therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rafat
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Dizaji Asl
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mazloumi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Nejati
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Farsinejad A, Vahidi R, Salavatipour M, Kouhbananinejad S, Lashkari M, Bardsiri M, Moghadari M, Kashani B. Kermanian propolis induces apoptosis through upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in acute myeloblastic leukemia cell line (NB4). J Cancer Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1084_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Andrade da Mota TH, Reis Guimarães AF, Silva de Carvalho AÉ, Saldanha- de Araujo F, Pinto de Faria Lopes G, Pittella-Silva F, do Amaral Rabello D, Madureira de Oliveira D. Effects of in vitro short- and long-term treatment with telomerase inhibitor in U-251 glioma cells. Tumour Biol 2021; 43:327-340. [DOI: 10.3233/tub-211515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The inhibition of the enzyme telomerase (TERT) has been widely investigated as a new pharmacological approach for cancer treatment, but its real potential and the biochemical consequences are not totally understood. OBJECTIVE: Here, we investigated the effects of the telomerase inhibitor MST-312 on a human glioma cell line after both short- and long-term (290 days) treatments. METHODS: Effects on cell growth, viability, cell cycle, morphology, cell death and genes expression were assessed. RESULTS: We found that short-term treatment promoted cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis. Importantly, cells with telomerase knock-down revealed that the toxic effects of MST-312 are partially TERT dependent. In contrast, although the long-term treatment decreased cell proliferation at first, it also caused adaptations potentially related to treatment resistance and tumor aggressiveness after long time of exposition. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the short-term effects of telomerase inhibition not being due to telomere erosion, they are at least partially related to the enzyme inhibition, which may represent an important strategy to pave the way for tumor growth control, especially through modulation of the non-canonical functions of telomerase. On the other hand, long-term exposure to the inhibitor had the potential to induce cell adaptations with possible negative clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tales Henrique Andrade da Mota
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human Health, University of Brasilia, Ceilândia, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Reis Guimarães
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human Health, University of Brasilia, Ceilândia, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Amandda Évelin Silva de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha- de Araujo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Giselle Pinto de Faria Lopes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Hemato-oncology, National Institute of Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Admiral Paulo Moreira Sea Studies Institute, IEAPM, Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pittella-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Diêgo Madureira de Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human Health, University of Brasilia, Ceilândia, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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17
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Liu Y, Liu X, Yang S. MicroRNA-221 Upregulates the Expression of P-gp and Bcl-2 by Activating the Stat3 Pathway to Promote Doxorubicin Resistance in Osteosarcoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:861-868. [PMID: 33828027 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-221 (miRNA-221) is upregulated in several malignant tumors and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of miRNA-221 in doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in osteosarcoma cells. We constructed DOX-resistant Saos-2/DOX cells and treated them with DOX. Cell viability was determined by performing a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cells were transfected with either miRNA-221 mimic or miRNA-221 inhibitor; quantitative (q)RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of miRNA-221. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-digoxigenin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to detect cell apoptosis. The immunofluorescence method was also used to detect cell signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) protein expression distribution. In addition, Western blotting was used to detect changes in the expression of each protein. We found that miRNA-221 was upregulated in Saos-2/DOX cells. Moreover, the miRNA-221 mimic induced DOX resistance in Saos-2 cells, whereas the miRNA-221 inhibitor enhanced DOX sensitivity in Saos-2/DOX cells. The miRNA-221 mimic upregulated the expression of phosphorylated-Stat3, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins in Saos-2 cells and induced the entry of Stat3 into the nucleus, whereas the miRNA-221 inhibitor exerted the opposite effect. Pretreatment with the Stat3 chemical inhibitor, STAT3-IN-3, significantly inhibited the upregulation of P-gp and Bcl-2 protein expression induced by the miRNA-221 mimic in Saos-2 cells; it also caused the Saos-2 cells to overcome DOX resistance induced by the miRNA-221 mimic. Thus, miRNA-221 increased the expression of P-gp and Bcl-2 by activating the Stat3 pathway to promote DOX resistance in osteosarcoma cells, indicating a potential use of miRNA-221 in osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancai Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Hengshui
| | - Xuegang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Hengshui
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
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18
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Saeednejad Zanjani L, Madjd Z, Rasti A, Asgari M, Abolhasani M, Tam KJ, Roudi R, Mælandsmo GM, Fodstad Ø, Andersson Y. Spheroid-Derived Cells From Renal Adenocarcinoma Have Low Telomerase Activity and High Stem-Like and Invasive Characteristics. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1302. [PMID: 31921617 PMCID: PMC6915099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a theorized small subpopulation of cells within tumors thought to be responsible for metastasis, tumor development, disease progression, treatment-resistance, and recurrence. The identification, isolation, and biological characterization of CSCs may therefore facilitate the development of efficient therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs. This study aims to compare the biology and telomerase activity of CSCs to parental cells (PCs) in renal cancer. Renal CSCs were enriched from the ACHN cell line using a sphere culture system. Spheroid-derived cells (SDCs) and their adherent counterparts were compared with respect to their colony and sphere formation, expression of putative CSC markers, tumorigenicity in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice, and invasiveness. The expression of genes associated with CSCs, stemness, EMT, apoptosis, and ABC transporters was also compared between the two populations using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, telomerase activity, hTERT expression, and sensitivity to MST-312, a telomerase inhibitor, was investigated between the two populations. We demonstrated that a subpopulation of ACHN cells was capable of growing as spheroids with many properties similar to CSCs, including higher clonogenicity, superior colony- and sphere-forming ability, and stronger tumorigenicity and invasiveness. In addition, SDCs demonstrated a higher expression of markers for CSCs, stemness, EMT, apoptosis, and ABC transporter genes compared to PCs. The expression of hTERT and telomerase activity in SDCs was significantly lower than PCs; however, the SDC population was more sensitive to MST-312 compared to PCs. These findings indicate that the SDC population exhibits stem-like potential and invasive characteristics. Moreover, the reduced expression of hTERT and telomerase activity in SDCs demonstrated that the expressions of hTERT and telomerase activity are not always higher in CSCs. Our results also showed that MST-312 treatment inhibited SDCs more strongly than PCs and may therefore be useful as a complementary targeted therapy against renal CSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Saeednejad Zanjani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arezoo Rasti
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences/Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asgari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kevin J Tam
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Fodstad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yvonne Andersson
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Chen X, Tang WJ, Shi JB, Liu MM, Liu XH. Therapeutic strategies for targeting telomerase in cancer. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:532-585. [PMID: 31361345 DOI: 10.1002/med.21626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomere and telomerase play important roles in abnormal cell proliferation, metastasis, stem cell maintenance, and immortalization in various cancers. Therefore, designing of drugs targeting telomerase and telomere is of great significance. Over the past two decades, considerable knowledge regarding telomere and telomerase has been accumulated, which provides theoretical support for the design of therapeutic strategies such as telomere elongation. Therefore, the development of telomere-based therapies such as nucleoside analogs, non-nucleoside small molecules, antisense technology, ribozymes, and dominant negative human telomerase reverse transcriptase are being prioritized for eradicating a majority of tumors. While the benefits of telomere-based therapies are obvious, there is a need to address the limitations of various therapeutic strategies to improve the possibility of clinical applications. In this study, current knowledge of telomere and telomerase is discussed, and therapeutic strategies based on recent research are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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20
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Gao Y, Xie Y, Liu L, Xue H, Hou M, Zhang M, Zhou Z, Guo P, Yao H, Shao Z, Xie X, Zhu J. Efficacy and safety of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone regimen with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin±rituximab in treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Minerva Med 2019; 112:310-312. [PMID: 31317691 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.06236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Lymphoma Medicine, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongwei Xue
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zeping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengxiang Guo
- Department of Hematology, Guizhou People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongxia Yao
- Department of Hematology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobao Xie
- Department of Hematology, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Lymphoma Medicine, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China -
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21
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Ameri Z, Ghiasi S, Farsinejad A, Hassanshahi G, Ehsan M, Fatemi A. Telomerase inhibitor MST-312 induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic, proliferative and inflammatory genes. Life Sci 2019; 228:66-71. [PMID: 31029779 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The telomerase-based therapy of cancer has received a great deal of attention due to the fact that it is expressed in almost all of the cancer cells while it is inactivated in most of the normal somatic cells. Current investigation was aimed to examine the effects of namely telomerase inhibitor, the MST-312, as a chemically modified derivative of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on human multiple myeloma cell line U-266. MAIN METHODS U-266 cells were cultured and then treated by MST-312. The viability of cultured cells was measured by both trypan blue staining and MTT assay techniques. To examine the apoptosis, annexin-V/7-AAD staining using flow cytometry method was employed. To analysis the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, c-Myc, hTERT, IL-6 and TNF-α genes, the quantitative real-time PCR was employed. KEY FINDINGS We observed the short-term dose-dependent cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of MST-312 against U-266 myeloma cells. Gene expression analysis indicated that the MST-312-based apoptosis was associated with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic gene (Bax) as well as down-regulation of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2), proliferative (c-Myc, hTERT) and inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α) genes. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that telomerase-based therapy using MST-312 may represent a novel promising strategy for treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ameri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ghiasi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ehsan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fatemi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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22
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Morais KDS, Arcanjo DDS, Faria Lopes GP, Silva GG, Mota THA, Gabriel TR, Rabello Ramos DDA, Silva FP, Oliveira DM. Long‐term in vitro treatment with telomerase inhibitor MST‐312 induces resistance by selecting long telomeres cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:273-280. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karollyne da Silva Morais
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human HealthUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of CancerUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
| | | | - Giselle Pinto Faria Lopes
- Biotechnology DepartmentInstituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil e Research coordination, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Tales Henrique Andrade Mota
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human HealthUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of CancerUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Pittella Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of CancerUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
| | - Diêgo Madureira Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human HealthUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of CancerUniversity of Brasilia Brasília Brazil
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