Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods seeds affected the normal regenerative function on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver and kidney injury

Influences of blue and red light irradiations on Cd phytoexcretion using Festuca arundinacea

Although phytoremediation is more economical when compared with traditional physical and chemical soil remediation methods, it remains very expensive when considering the substantial area of the contaminated field. If the quantity of harvested residues can be reduced after each phytoremediation cycle, the practicability and commercial implementation of this environment friendly method can be improved. In this study, cadmium excretion on the leaf surface of Festuca arundinacea was evaluated under various blue and red light conditions. The results indicated that the percentage of decaying and deceased leaves increased by 8.5%, 31.1%, 59.7%, and 35.9% at a blue light ratio of 10%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively, when compared with the control. The highest cadmium concentration was found in decaying and deceased leaves under 75% blue light treatment. Light treatments also altered the excreted cadmium amount on different leaf types. Under all treatments including the control, significantly more cadmium can be washed off from emerging and mature leaves than from decaying and deceased leaves, owing to the detoxification mechanism of the plant (p < 0.05). The differences in cadmium excretion on senescent and dead leaves under all treatments were not statistically significant, but the mass of cadmium excretion on young leaves under 75% and 100% blue light irradiation were significantly higher than that under other treatments (p < 0.05). Herein, a novel phytoremediation method involving the harvesting decaying and deceased leaves and washing emerging and mature leaves was proposed to decrease the costs of plant residue disposal.

A Review on Polyphenols in Salicornia ramosissima with Special Emphasis on Their Beneficial Effects on Brain Ischemia

There has been an increasing interest in the consumption of halophytes as a healthy food in the last few years. Salicornia ramosissima is a seasonal Mediterranean halophyte with an interesting profile of bioactive compounds, including more than 60 identified polyphenols with a broad range of biological activities. Accumulating evidence supports the role of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke. Stroke is the second cause of death worldwide and it is estimated that a substantial proportion of stroke incidence and recurrence may be prevented by healthier dietary patterns. Here, we have grouped the phenolic acids and flavonoids identified in S. ramosissima and reviewed their potential protective effect on brain ischemia, which are mostly related to the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, the inhibition of cell death pathways and their role in the preservation of the vascular function. Despite the fact that most of these compounds have been reported to be neuroprotective through multiple mechanisms, human studies are still scarce. Given the safe profile of polyphenols identified in S. ramosissima, this halophyte plant could be considered as a source of bioactive compounds for the nutraceutical industry.

Salicornia ramosissima Bioactive Composition and Safety: Eco-Friendly Extractions Approach (Microwave-Assisted Extraction vs. Conventional Maceration)

Salicornia ramosissima J.Woods is an edible halophyte, widely distributed in the Portuguese salt marsh that has been under valorized. The aim of this study is to expand the knowledge regarding S. ramosissima bioactive composition and safety, highlighting its potential use as nutraceutical ingredient. Therefore, extracts obtained by conventional (CE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were characterized regarding phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity and intestinal cell effects. Moreover, organic pesticides were screened to guarantee the consumers safety. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed for the CE, as well as the scavenging capacity of O2•− (IC50 = 979.36 µg/mL) and HOCl (IC50 = 90.28 µg/mL). In contrast, the best antioxidant and antiradical activities were achieved by MAE (65.56 µmol FSE/g dw and 17.74 µg AAE/g dw for FRAP and ABTS assays, respectively). The phenolic composition was similar for both extracts, being characterized by the presence of phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanols, flavones and flavanones. The predominant compound for both extracts was myricetin. None of the extracts were cytotoxic in intestinal cell lines. Vestigial levels of β-endosulfan and p,p’-DDE were identified in MAE. These results support that S. ramosissima could be a source of bioactive compounds for nutraceutic industry.