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Serebryakova L, Veselova O, Studneva I, Dobrokhotov I, Palkeeva M, Avdeev D, Molokoedov A, Ovchinnikov M, Sidorova M, Pisarenko O. Exogenous GalR2-specific peptide agonist as a tool for treating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:1109-1118. [PMID: 37249014 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to elucidate the role of GalR2 receptor activation in protecting the rat heart in vivo from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage by a pharmacological peptide agonist WTLNSAGYLLGPβAH-OH (G1) and full-length rat galanin GWTLNSAGYLLGPHAIDNHRSFSDKHGLT-NH2 (G2) using M871, a selective inhibitor of GalR2. METHODS The peptides were prepared by the automatic solid-phase synthesis using the Fmoc-strategy and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A 40-min left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion followed by a 60-min reperfusion was performed. The criteria for damage/protection of the heart were the infarct size (IS) and plasma activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) at the end of reperfusion. RESULTS Intravenous injection of G1 or G2 at an optimal dose of 1 mg/kg at the fifth minute of reperfusion significantly reduced the IS (by 35% and 32%, respectively) and activity of CK-MB at the end of reperfusion (by 43% and 38%, respectively) compared with the control. Administration of M871 (8 mg/kg) 5 min before the onset of reperfusion abolished the effects of G1 on IS and CK-MB activity, returning them to control values. Co-administration of M871 (8 mg/kg) with G2 attenuated protective effect of G2 on both IS and plasma СK-MB activity. However, differences in these parameters between the M871+G2 and G2 groups did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.139 and P = 0.121, respectively). CONCLUSION Thus, GalR2 is the principal receptor subtype that transduces the protective effects of galanin and ligand G1 in myocardial I/R injury. This suggests that GalR2-specific peptide agonists could be used as drug candidates for treating ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oksana Veselova
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Studneva
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Dobrokhotov
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Palkeeva
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Avdeev
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Maria Sidorova
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Pisarenko
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
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She Y, Ge R, Gu X, Fang P, Zhang Z. Cardioprotective effects of neuropeptide galanin: Focusing on its roles against diabetic heart. Peptides 2023; 159:170918. [PMID: 36435275 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Following an unprecedented rise in the number of the aged, the incidence of age-related diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is consequently increasing in the world. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The diabetic heart is characterized by increased cardiomyocyte stiffness and fibrotic changes. Despite many factors resulting in cardiomyocyte injury and dysfunction in diabetes, insulin resistance is still a critical etiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed an intriguing role for galanin in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetic heart disease. A significant change in plasma galanin levels occurred in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes or cardiomyocyte injury. In turn, galanin may also distinctly mitigate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diabetes as well as increase glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac muscle. Here, we critically review current data about the multivariate relationship among galanin, insulin resistance, and cardiac muscle to comprehensively evaluate the protective role of galanin and its receptors for the diabetic heart and to determine whether galanin receptor 2 agonists potentially represent a feasible way to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing She
- Department of Endocrinology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Ran Ge
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine & Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuewen Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine & Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Sidorova MV, Palkeeva ME, Avdeev DV, Studneva IM, Serebryakova LI, Veselova OM, Dobrokhotov IV, Molokoedov AS, Pisarenko OI. Synthesis of the Antagonist of the GalR2 Galanin Receptor and Studies of Its Biological Activity in Ischemia and Reperfusion of the Rat Heart In Vivo. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kraichely KN, Clinkscales SE, Hendy CM, Mendoza EA, Parnham S, Giuliano MW. Minimal Increments of Hydrophobic Collapse within the N-Terminus of the Neuropeptide Galanin. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1151-1166. [PMID: 35622960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide galanin has a 35-year history as an intriguing target in drug design owing to its implication as a potential anticonvulsant and neuronal trophic factor among many other therapeutically interesting functions including analgesia and mood alteration. In this study, we report the structural characterization of three synthetic fragments of the galanin N-terminus in buffered aqueous solution: hGal(2-12)KK, hGal(1-12)KK, and hGal(1-17)KK. High-field two-dimensional 1H-1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data were acquired for these fragments and used to derive distance restraints. We further utilized modified hydrogen bonding and dihedral restraints to reflect chemical shift patterns in the data, which revealed the signature of a weakly folded helix. Together, these sets of restraints were used to generate NMR structures of all three fragments, which depict a core of hydrophobic residues that cluster together regardless of the presence of a helical structure, and correspond to residues in the N-terminus of galanin that have been previously shown to be critical for binding its receptors. The helical structure only appears following the inclusion of Gly(1) in the sequence, and at longer sequence lengths, unlike many other peptides, the helix does not propagate. Rather, a few turns of poorly ordered helix appear to be a secondary consequence of clusters of hydrophobic sidechains that are conserved across all of the peptides in this study; the helices themselves appear ordered as a consequence of this clustering, and these clusters compare directly to those observed recently to make contacts between galanin and two of its receptor subtypes. Collapsed hydrophobic residues therefore organize and compose the functional core of human galanin and raise interesting questions about the nature of the conformational order in ligands that bind cell surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn N Kraichely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
| | - Sarah E Clinkscales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
| | - Cecilia M Hendy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
| | - Eric A Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
| | - Stuart Parnham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Michael W Giuliano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
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Wu PH, Glerup RI, Svensson MHS, Eriksson N, Christensen JH, de Laval P, Soveri I, Westerlund M, Linde T, Ljunggren Ö, Fellström B. Novel Biomarkers Detected by Proteomics Predict Death and Cardiovascular Events in Hemodialysis Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040740. [PMID: 35453489 PMCID: PMC9026983 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage kidney disease increases mortality and the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. It is crucial to explore novel biomarkers to predict CV disease in the complex setting of patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). This study investigated the association between 92 targeted proteins with all-cause death, CV death, and composite vascular events (CVEs) in HD patients. From December 2010 to March 2011, 331 HD patients were included and followed prospectively for 5 years. Serum was analyzed for 92 CV-related proteins using Proseek Multiplex Cardiovascular I panel, a high-sensitivity assay based on proximity extension assay (PEA) technology. The association between biomarkers and all-cause death, CV death, and CVEs was evaluated using Cox-regression analyses. Of the PEA-based proteins, we identified 20 proteins associated with risk of all-cause death, 7 proteins associated with risk of CV death, and 17 proteins associated with risk of CVEs, independent of established risk factors. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1), and C-C motif chemokine 20 (CCL20) were associated with increased risk of all-cause death, CV death, and CVE in multivariable-adjusted models. Stem cell factor (SCF) and Galanin peptides (GAL) were associated with both decreased risk of all-cause death and CV death. In conclusion, IL-8, TIM-1, and CCL20 predicted death and CV outcomes in HD patients. Novel findings were that SCF and GAL were associated with a lower risk of all-cause death and CV death. The SCF warrants further study with regard to its possible biological effect in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Wu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Rie Io Glerup
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (R.I.G.); (J.H.C.)
| | - My Hanna Sofia Svensson
- Division of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | | | - Philip de Laval
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
| | - Inga Soveri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
| | - Magnus Westerlund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
| | - Torbjörn Linde
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
| | - Östen Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
| | - Bengt Fellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.-H.W.); (P.d.L.); (I.S.); (M.W.); (T.L.); (Ö.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-18-6114348
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The Preventive Effect of Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation Induced by 6-OHDA on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: The Changes of lncRNA/circRNAs-miRNA-mRNA Network of the Upper Thoracic Spinal Cord in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2492286. [PMID: 34880964 PMCID: PMC8648479 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2492286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether chemical 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) stimuli caused cardiac sympathetic denervation (SD), and we analyzed gene expression profiles to determine the changes in the lncRNA/circRNAs-miRNA-mRNA network in the affected spinal cord segments to identify putative target genes and molecular pathways in rats with myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI). Our results showed that cardiac sympathetic denervation induced by 6-OHDA alleviated MIRI. Compared with the ischemia reperfusion (IR, MIRI model) group, there were 148 upregulated and 51 downregulated mRNAs, 165 upregulated and 168 downregulated lncRNAs, 70 upregulated and 52 downregulated circRNAs, and 12 upregulated and 11 downregulated miRNAs in the upper thoracic spinal cord of the SD-IR group. Furthermore, we found that the differential genes related to cellular components were mainly enriched in extracellular and cortical cytoskeleton, and molecular functions were mainly enriched in chemokine activity. Pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly related to the interaction of cytokines and cytokine receptors, sodium ion reabsorption, cysteine and methionine metabolism, mucoglycan biosynthesis, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, the lncRNA/circRNAs-miRNA-mRNA networks in the upper thoracic spinal cord play an important role in the preventive effect of cardiac sympathetic denervation induced by 6-OHDA on MIRI, which offers new insights into the pathogenesis of MIRI and provides new targets for MIRI.
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Pisarenko OI, Studneva IM, Veselova OM. Modified N-Terminal Fragments of Galanin: Cardioprotective Properties and Mechanisms of Action. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1342-1351. [PMID: 34903156 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792110014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The design of new drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases based on endogenous peptide hormones is of undoubted interest and stimulates intensive experimental research. One of the approaches for development in this area is synthesis of the short bioactive peptides that mimic effects of the larger peptide molecules and have improved physicochemical characteristics. In recent years, it has been found that the N-terminal fragments of the neuropeptide galanin reduce metabolic and functional disorders in the experimental heart damage. The review presents literature data and generalized results of our own experiments on the effects of the full-size galanin and its chemically modified N-terminal fragments (2-11) and (2-15) on the heart in normal conditions and in modeling pathophysiological conditions in vitro and in vivo. It has been shown that the spectrum of the peptide actions on the damaged myocardium includes decrease in the necrotic death of cardiomyocytes, decrease in the damage of sarcolemma, improvement in the metabolic state of myocardium, decrease in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) products. Mechanisms of the protective action of the modified galanin fragments associated with activation of the GalR2 receptor subtype and manifestation of antioxidant properties are discussed. The data summarized in the review indicate that the molecular design of pharmacological agonists of the GalR2 receptor is a promising approach, because they can serve as a basis for the development of cardioprotectors influencing processes of free radical oxidation and metabolic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Pisarenko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
| | - Irina M Studneva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Oxana M Veselova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
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Peeters MKR, Baggerman G, Gabriels R, Pepermans E, Menschaert G, Boonen K. Ion Mobility Coupled to a Time-of-Flight Mass Analyzer Combined With Fragment Intensity Predictions Improves Identification of Classical Bioactive Peptides and Small Open Reading Frame-Encoded Peptides. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720570. [PMID: 34604223 PMCID: PMC8484717 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides exhibit key roles in a wide variety of complex processes, such as regulation of body weight, learning, aging, and innate immune response. Next to the classical bioactive peptides, emerging from larger precursor proteins by specific proteolytic processing, a new class of peptides originating from small open reading frames (sORFs) have been recognized as important biological regulators. But their intrinsic properties, specific expression pattern and location on presumed non-coding regions have hindered the full characterization of the repertoire of bioactive peptides, despite their predominant role in various pathways. Although the development of peptidomics has offered the opportunity to study these peptides in vivo, it remains challenging to identify the full peptidome as the lack of cleavage enzyme specification and large search space complicates conventional database search approaches. In this study, we introduce a proteogenomics methodology using a new type of mass spectrometry instrument and the implementation of machine learning tools toward improved identification of potential bioactive peptides in the mouse brain. The application of trapped ion mobility spectrometry (tims) coupled to a time-of-flight mass analyzer (TOF) offers improved sensitivity, an enhanced peptide coverage, reduction in chemical noise and the reduced occurrence of chimeric spectra. Subsequent machine learning tools MS2PIP, predicting fragment ion intensities and DeepLC, predicting retention times, improve the database searching based on a large and comprehensive custom database containing both sORFs and alternative ORFs. Finally, the identification of peptides is further enhanced by applying the post-processing semi-supervised learning tool Percolator. Applying this workflow, the first peptidomics workflow combined with spectral intensity and retention time predictions, we identified a total of 167 predicted sORF-encoded peptides, of which 48 originating from presumed non-coding locations, next to 401 peptides from known neuropeptide precursors, linked to 66 annotated bioactive neuropeptides from within 22 different families. Additional PEAKS analysis expanded the pool of SEPs on presumed non-coding locations to 84, while an additional 204 peptides completed the list of peptides from neuropeptide precursors. Altogether, this study provides insights into a new robust pipeline that fuses technological advancements from different fields ensuring an improved coverage of the neuropeptidome in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies K. R. Peeters
- BioBix, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium
| | - Ralf Gabriels
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elise Pepermans
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium
| | - Gerben Menschaert
- BioBix, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- OHMX.bio, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kurt Boonen
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium
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Novel Role of miR-18a-5p and Galanin in Rat Lung Ischemia Reperfusion-Mediated Response. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6621921. [PMID: 34497682 PMCID: PMC8420977 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6621921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung ischemia reperfusion (IR) is known to occur after lung transplantation or cardiac bypass. IR leads to tissue inflammation and damage and is also associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Various receptors are known to partake in activation of the innate immune system, but the downstream mechanism of tissue damage and inflammation is yet unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are in the forefront in regulating ischemia reperfusion injury and are involved in inflammatory response. Here, we have identified by high-throughput approach and evaluated a distinct set of miRNAs that may play a role in response to IR in rat lung tissue. The top three differentially expressed miRNAs were validated through quantitative PCRs in the IR rat lung model and an in vitro model of IR of hypoxia and reoxygenation exposed type II alveolar cells. Among the miRNAs, miR-18a-5p showed consistent downregulation in both the model systems on IR. Cellular and molecular analysis brought to light a crucial role of this miRNA in ischemia reperfusion. miR-18a-5p plays a role in IR-mediated apoptosis and ROS production and regulates the expression of neuropeptide Galanin. It also influences the nuclear localization of transcription factor: nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) which in turn may regulate the expression of the miR-18a gene. Thus, we have not only established a rat model for lung IR and enumerated the important miRNAs involved in IR but have also extensively characterized the role of miR-18a-5p. This study will have important clinical and therapeutic implications for and during transplantation procedures.
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Pisarenko OI, Studneva IM, Serebryakova LI, Timoshin AA, Konovalova GG, Lankin VZ, Tihaze AK, Veselova OM, Dobrokhotov IV, Lyubimov RO, Sidorova MV, Palkeeva ME, Molokoedov AS. Antioxidant Properties of Galanin and Its N-Terminal Fragments in in vitro and in vivo Oxidative Stress Modeling. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:496-505. [PMID: 33941070 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant properties of rat galanin GWTLNSAGYLLGPHAIDNHRSFSDKHGLT-NH2 (Gal), N-terminal fragment of galanin (2-15 aa) WTLNSAGYLLGPHA (G1), and its modified analogue WTLNSAGYLLGPβAH (G2) were studied in vivo in the rat model of regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion and in vitro in the process of Cu2+-induced free radical oxidation of human blood plasma low-density lipoproteins. Intravenous administration of G1, G2, and Gal to rats after ischemia induction reduced the infarction size and activities of the necrosis markers, creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase, in blood plasma at the end of reperfusion. G1, G2, and Gal reduced formation of the spin adducts of hydroxyl radicals in the interstitium of the area at risk during reperfusion, moreover, G2 and Gal also reduced formation of the secondary products of lipid peroxidation in the reperfused myocardium. It was shown in the in vivo experiments and in the in vitro model system that the ability of galanin peptides to reduce formation of ROS and attenuate lipid peroxidation during myocardial reperfusion injury was not associated directly with their effects on activities of the antioxidant enzymes of the heart: Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The peptides G1, G2, and Gal at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 mM inhibited Cu2+-induced free radical oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins in vitro. The results of oxidative stress modeling demonstrated that the natural and synthetic agonists of galanin receptors reduced formation of the short-lived ROS in the reperfused myocardium, as well as of lipid radicals in blood plasma. Thus, galanin receptors could be a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Pisarenko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
| | - Irina M Studneva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Larisa I Serebryakova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Alexandr A Timoshin
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Galina G Konovalova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Vadim Z Lankin
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Alla K Tihaze
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Oksana M Veselova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Igor V Dobrokhotov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Roman O Lyubimov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Mariya V Sidorova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Marina E Palkeeva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Alexandr S Molokoedov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
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Shi H, Fang Y, Huang L, Gao L, Lenahan C, Okada T, Travis ZD, Xie S, Tang H, Lu Q, Liu R, Tang J, Cheng Y, Zhang JH. Activation of Galanin Receptor 1 with M617 Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis via ERK/GSK-3β/TIP60 Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1905-1921. [PMID: 34086200 PMCID: PMC8609084 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular disease. Neuronal apoptosis plays an important pathological role in early brain injury after SAH. Galanin receptor 1 (GalR1) activation was recently shown to be anti-apoptotic in the setting of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to explore the anti-neuronal apoptosis effect of GalR1 activation after SAH, as well as the underlying mechanisms. GalR1 CRISPR and GalR1 selective agonist, M617, was administered, respectively. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (U0126) and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3-β) CRISPR were administered to investigate the involvement of the ERK/GSK3-β pathway in GalR1-mediated neuroprotection after SAH. Outcome assessments included neurobehavioral tests, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that endogenous ligand galanin (Gal) and GalR1 were markedly increased in the ipsilateral brain hemisphere at 12 h and 24 h after SAH. GalR1 were expressed mainly in neurons, but expression was also observed in some astrocytes and microglia. GalR1 CRISPR knockdown exacerbated neurological deficits and neuronal apoptosis 24 h after SAH. Moreover, activation of GalR1 with M617 significantly improved short- and long-term neurological deficits but decreased neuronal apoptosis after SAH. Furthermore, GalR1 activation dysregulated the protein levels of phosphorylated ERK and GSK-3β, but downregulated the phosphorylated Tat-interactive protein 60 (TIP60) and cleaved caspase-3 at 24 h after SAH. GalR1 CRISPR, U0126, and GSK-3β CRISPR abolished the beneficial effects of GalR1 activation at 24 h after SAH in rats. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that activation of GalR1 using M617 attenuated neuronal apoptosis through the ERK/GSK-3β/TIP60 pathway after SAH in rats. GalR1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Medical University, Yongchuan Hospital, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Okada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Zachary D Travis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Shucai Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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12
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Galanin Peptides Alleviate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species Formation. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Studneva IM, Veselova OM, Bahtin AA, Konovalova GG, Lankin VZ, Pisarenko OI. The Mechanisms of Cardiac Protection Using a Synthetic Agonist of Galanin Receptors during Chronic Administration of Doxorubicin. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:89-98. [PMID: 32477603 PMCID: PMC7245963 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) is limited by its cardiotoxic
effect. The aim of this work was to study the effect of a new synthetic agonist
of the galanin receptor GalR1-3 [βAla14, His15]-galanine (2–15) (G)
on the metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activity, and cardiac function in rats
with cardiomyopathy (CM) caused by chronic administration of Dox.
Coadministration of peptide G and Dox significantly increased the fractional
shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) by an average of 30 ± 4%
compared with the indices in the Dox group. The reduced severity of cardiac
dysfunction under the action of G was accompanied by a 2.5-fold decrease in the
activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in blood plasma. The protective
mechanism of the action of peptide G is caused by a reduced lipid peroxidation
(LP) that is due to the increased activity of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase
(Cu,Zn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the damaged heart.
Administration of peptide G significantly increased the adenine nucleotide pool
(ΣAH), ATP content, and the levels of phosphocreatine (PCr) and total
creatine (ΣCr) in the damaged myocardium. It also reduced lactate
accumulation relative to its content in the Dox group. The better energy supply
of cardiomyocytes after treatment with peptide G prevented the accumulation of
cytotoxic ammonia and disruption in the metabolism of the key myocardial amino
acids (glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and alanine (Ala)). Peptide G
significantly improved the morphological parameters of the heart in rats
treated with Dox. The results show promise in using peptide G to efficiently
correct functional, morphological, and metabolic damage to the heart caused by
anthracycline chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. M. Studneva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552 Russia
| | - O. M. Veselova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552 Russia
| | - A. A. Bahtin
- Research and Clinical Center of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - G. G. Konovalova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552 Russia
| | - V. Z. Lankin
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552 Russia
| | - O. I. Pisarenko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552 Russia
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14
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Studneva I, Serebryakova L, Veselova O, Pal'keeva M, Molokoedov A, Ovchinnikov M, Konovalova G, Lankin V, Sidorova M, Pisarenko O. Galanin receptors activation modulates myocardial metabolic and antioxidant responses to ischaemia/reperfusion stress. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1174-1182. [PMID: 31429479 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of protective action of the neuropeptide galanin and its N-terminal fragments against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remain obscure. The aim of this work was to study effects of a novel peptide agonist of galanin receptors [βAla14, His15]-galanin (2-15) (G1) and the full-length galanin (G2) on energy and antioxidant status of the heart with acute infarction. The peptides were synthesized by the automatic solid phase method using Fmoc technology. Their structure was identified by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Experiments were performed on anaesthetized open-chest rats subjected to myocardial regional ischaemia and reperfusion. Intravenous (iv) administration of optimal doses of peptides G1 and G2 (1.0 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively, at the onset of reperfusion significantly reduced infarct size (on average by 40% compared with control) and the plasma activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). These effects were associated with augmented preservation of aerobic energy metabolism, increased activity of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased lipid peroxidation in the area at risk (AAR) at the end of reperfusion. Peptide G1 showed more efficient recovery of the majority of metabolic and antioxidant parameters. The results provide evidence that the galaninergic system can be considered a promising target to reduce energy dysregulation and oxidative damage in myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Studneva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Oksana Veselova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Vadim Lankin
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Sidorova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Pisarenko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Serebryakova LI, Studneva IM, Ovchinnikov MV, Veselova OM, Molokoedov AS, Arzamastsev EV, Afanasyeva EY, Terekhova OA, Sidorova MV, Pisarenko OI. [Cardiometabolic efficacy and toxicological evaluation of a pharmacological galanin receptor agonist]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 65:231-238. [PMID: 31258147 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196503231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine effects of a novel galanin receptor agonist GalR1-3 [bAla14, His15]-galanine 2-15 (G), obtained by automatic solid-phase synthesis, on the metabolic state of the area at risk and the size of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats in vivo and evaluate its toxicity in BALB /c mice. In anesthetized rats, regional ischemia was simulated by coronary artery occlusion and then coronary blood flow was restored. The peptide G was administered intravenously (i.v.) with a bolus after a period of regional ischemia in the dose range of 0.25-3.0 mg/kg. The sizes of MI and the activities of creatine kinase-MB (СK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in blood plasma were estimated. The effect of administration of the optimal dose of G (1.0 mg/kg) on myocardial content of adenine nucleotides (AN), phosphocreatine (PCr), creatine (Cr) and lactate was studied. I.v. administration of G to rats at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg slightly affected hemodynamic parameters, but reduced MI size by 40% and decreased plasma LDH and CK-MB activity by the end of reperfusion compared to control. These effects were accompanied by a significant improvement in energy state of area at risk (AAR) - an increase in myocardial content of ATP, åAN, PCr and åCr, and combined with a decrease in myocardial lactate level compared with the control. Toxicity of peptide G was studied with a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5-3.0% solution of the peptide substance to mice. The absence of signs of intoxication and death of animals after G injection in the maximum possible dose did not allow determining the value of the average lethal dose. The results indicate therapeutic potential of the peptide G for preventing myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury and feasibility for further study of its pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I M Studneva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Ovchinnikov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O M Veselova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Molokoedov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Arzamastsev
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Yu Afanasyeva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Terekhova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Sidorova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O I Pisarenko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
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