1
|
Elsaid FH, Hussein AM, Eid EA, Ammar OA, Khalil AA. Effect of intermittent fasting on adriamycin-induced nephropathy: Possible underlying mechanisms. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102360. [PMID: 38489913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intermittent fasting (IF) has been shown to induce a well-organized adaptive defense against stress inside the cells, which increases the production of anti-oxidant defenses, repair of DNA, biogenesis of mitochondria, and genes that combat inflammation. So, the goal of the current investigation was to identify the effects of IF on rats with adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy and any potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS Four groups of 40 mature Sprague-Dawley male rats were allocated as follow; control, fasting, ADR, and ADR plus fasting. After 8 weeks of ADR administration urine, blood samples and kidneys were taken for assessment of serum creatinine (Cr), BUN, urinary proteins, indicators of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) levels), histopathological examinations, immunohistochemical examinations for caspase-3, Sirt1, aquaporin2 (AQP2) and real time PCR for antioxidant genes; Nrf2, HO-1 in kidney tissues. RESULTS IF significantly improved serum creatinine, BUN and urinary protein excretion, oxidative stress (low MDA with high CAT and GSH), in addition to morphological damage to the renal tubules and glomeruli as well as caspase-3 production during apoptosis. Moreover, IF stimulates significantly the expression of Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO-1 and AQP2. CONCLUSION AQP2, Sirt1, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling may be upregulated and activated by IF, which alleviates ADR nephropathy. Enhancing endogenous antioxidants, reducing apoptosis and tubulointerstitial damage, and maintaining the glomerular membrane's integrity are other goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fathy H Elsaid
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz M Hussein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed A Eid
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Omar A Ammar
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Applied Health Science and Technology, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ali Ali Khalil
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang CL, Wei YY, Chen Y, Luo Y, Qin F, Chen Y, Liu H, Qiu F, Wu J, Yang B, Liu Y, Dai Z. Zhen-Wu-Tang ameliorates lupus nephritis by diminishing renal tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells via suppressing IL-15/STAT3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116597. [PMID: 38643544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Zhen-Wu-Tang (ZWT), a conventional herbal mixture, has been recommended for treating lupus nephritis (LN) in clinic. However, its mechanisms of action remain unknown. Here we aimed to define the immunological mechanisms underlying the effects of ZWT on LN and to determine whether it affects renal tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. Murine LN was induced by a single injection of pristane, while in vitro TRM cells differentiated with IL-15/TGF-β. We found that ZWT or mycophenolate mofetil treatment significantly ameliorated kidney injury in LN mice by decreasing 24-h urine protein, Scr and anti-dsDNA Ab. ZWT also improved renal pathology and decreased IgG and C3 depositions. In addition, ZWT down-regulated renal Desmin expression. Moreover, it lowered the numbers of CD8+ TRM cells in kidney of mice with LN while decreasing their expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ. Consistent with in vivo results, ZWT-containing serum inhibited TRM cell differentiation induced by IL-15/TGF-β in vitro. Mechanistically, it suppressed phosphorylation of STAT3 and CD122 (IL2/IL-15Rβ)expression in CD8+ TRM cells. Importantly, ZWT reduced the number of total F4/80+CD11b+ and CD86+, but not CD206+, macrophages in the kidney of LN mice. Interestingly, ZWT suppressed IL-15 protein expression in macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Thus, we have provided the first evidence that ZWT decoction can be used to improve the outcome of LN by reducing CD8+ TRM cells via inhibition of IL-15/IL-15R /STAT3 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Liang
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yu-Yan Wei
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yini Luo
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fenglian Qin
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Junbiao Wu
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; Nantong-Leicester Joint Institute of Kidney Science & Nephrology, Afiliated Hospital of Nantong University,. Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Z, Wang Y, Feng Y, Yang M, Shi G, Xuan Z, Xu F. Characteristics of sodium and water retention in rats with nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:309. [PMID: 37880610 PMCID: PMC10599035 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by renal sodium and water retention. The mechanisms are not fully elucidated. METHODS The NS rat model was established by single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). The plasma electrolyte level and urinary sodium excretion were monitored dynamically. The changes of some sodium transporters, including epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3), Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 2 (NKCC2) and Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC) in renal cortex at different time points and the level of peripheral circulation factors were detected. RESULTS The urinary sodium excretion of the model group increased significantly on the first day, then decreased compared with the control group, and there was no significant difference between the model group and the control group on the 12th day. The changes of peripheral circulation factors were not obvious. Some sodium transporters in renal cortex increased in varying degrees, while NKCC2 decreased significantly compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of NS edema may not be related to the angiotensin system. The decrease of urinary sodium excretion is independent of the development of albuminuria. During the 18 days of observation, it can be divided into three stages: sodium retention, sodium compensation, and simple water retention. The mechanism is related to the increased expression of α-ENaC, γ-ENaC, NHE3 and NCC in a certain period of time, the compensatory decrease of NKCC2 expression and the continuous increase of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaiping Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Scientific Research and Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zihua Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Metabolomic Analysis of Stephania tetrandra- Astragalus membranaceus Herbal Pair-Improving Nephrotic Syndrome Identifies Activation of IL-13/STAT6 Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010088. [PMID: 36678585 PMCID: PMC9863900 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Stephania tetrandra−Astragalus membranaceus herbal pair (FH) is a classic herbal pair widely used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS). The effects of Stephania tetrandra (FJ) and Astragalus membranaceus (HQ) on NS have been reported, but the mechanism of their combination on the improvement of NS are still unclear. The NS model was established by injecting adriamycin into the tail vein. FH intervention reduced the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary protein, and the gene expression levels of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in NS rats. In addition, FH improved kidney injury in NS rats by inhibiting the expression of interleukin 13 (IL-13), phospho-signal transducers, and activators of transcription 6 (p-STAT6), Bax, cleaved-caspase3, while promoting the expression of Bcl-2. By comprehensive comparison of multiple indexes, the effects of FH on lipid metabolism, glomerular filtration rate, and inflammation were superior to that of FJ and HQ. Metabonomic studies showed that, compared with FJ and HQ, FH intervention significantly regulated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism. Pearson correlation analysis showed that succinic acid and L-aspartic acid were negatively correlated with urinary protein, cystatin C (Cys C) and BUN (p < 0.05). In summary, FH could reduce renal injury and improve NS through inhibiting the IL-13/STAT6 signal pathway, regulating endogenous metabolic pathways, such as TCA cycle, and inhibiting the expression of AQP2 and AVP genes. This study provides a comprehensive strategy to reveal the mechanism of FH on the treatment of NS, and also provides a reasonable way to clarify the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jang S, Lee A, Hwang YH. Qualitative Profiling and Quantitative Analysis of Major Constituents in Jinmu-tang by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS/MS. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227887. [PMID: 36432001 PMCID: PMC9699523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Jinmu-tang (JMT) is a traditional herbal medicine consisting of five herbal medicines: Poria cocos Wolf, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi, and Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux. In this study, the JMT components were profiled using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, and 23 compounds were identified and characterized. In addition, UPLC-TQ-MS/MS analysis was performed in the positive and negative ion modes of an electrospray ionization source for the simultaneous quantification of the identified compounds. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was established to increase the sensitivity of the quantitative analysis, and the method was verified through linearity, recovery, and precision. All analytes showed good linearity (R2 ≤ 0.9990). Moreover, the recovery and the relative standard deviation of precision were 86.19-114.62% and 0.20-8.00%, respectively. Using the established MRM analysis method, paeoniflorin was found to be the most abundant compound in JMT. In conclusion, these results provide information on the constituents of JMT and can be applied to quality control and evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seol Jang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ami Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Efficacy and Safety of Zhenwu Decoction in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2133705. [PMID: 36387355 PMCID: PMC9643062 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2133705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhenwu decoction (ZWD) for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and the WanFang databases were searched, and a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were subsequently conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of ZWD combined with conventional Western medicine (CWM) to conventional therapy alone in the treatment of DN. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and GRADE criteria were utilized to assess the quality of the included literature, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS 13 randomized controlled trials were included, involving 1347 patients with diabetic nephropathy assigned into two subgroups according to the disease duration. The results revealed that compared with conventional therapy alone, ZWD combined with CWM treatment significantly improved the total effective rate (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = (2.87, 5.26), P < 0.00001). Furthermore, ZWD combination therapy also decreased fasting blood glucose (MD = -0.72, 95% CI = (-0.97, -0.48), P < 0.00001), BUN (MD = -1.92, 95% CI = (-3.19, -0.64), P = 0.003), 24-hour urine protein (MD = -0.48, 95% CI = (-0.57, -0.39), P < 0.00001), and serum creatinine levels (MD = -51.17, 95% CI = (-66.95, -35.39), P < 0.00001). However,there was no statistical significance in the effect of combination therapy on creatinine clearance (MD = -0.64, 95% CI = [-8.21,6.92], P = 0.87). However, there was no statistical significance in the effect of combination therapy oncreatinine clearance (MD =-0.64, 95% CI=[-8.21,6.92], P=0.87). CONCLUSION ZWD combined with CWM outperformed conventional Western medicine in DN treatment. However, further investigations via multicenter RCTs with rigorous designs and higher quality are still warranted.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao C, Tang J, Li X, Yan Z, Zhao L, Lang W, Yuan C, Zhou C. Beneficial effects of procyanidin B2 on adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome mice: the multi-action mechanism for ameliorating glomerular permselectivity injury. Food Funct 2022; 13:8436-8464. [PMID: 35861207 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03616e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in prevention, diagnosis, and therapy, nephrotic syndrome (NS) remains a significant cause of high morbidity and mortality globally. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify novel effective preventative and therapeutic agents for NS. NS is implicated in glomerular permselectivity injury, which can be attributed to oxidative distress, inflammation, lipid nephrotoxicity, podocyte apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, and slit diaphragm (SLD) dysfunction. In addition to its well-documented antioxidant potency, procyanidin B2 (PB2) may exhibit pleiotropic effects by targeting various canonical signaling events, such as NF-κB, PPARs, PI3K/Akt, mTOR, and the caspase family. As a result, PB2 may be a promising therapeutic target against NS. To test this hypothesis, we established an Adriamycin (ADR)-induced NS mouse model to evaluate the pleiotropic renoprotective effects of PB2 on NS. Here, we demonstrated that PB2 improves podocyte injury via inhibition of NOX4/ROS and Hsp90/NF-κB to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency, respectively. We also show that PB2 indirectly activates the PI3K/Akt axis by regulating SLD protein levels, resulting in normalized podocyte apoptosis and autophagy function. Further, loss of albumin (ALB) induces lipid nephrotoxicity, which we found to be alleviated by PB2 via activation of PPARα/β-mediated lipid homeostasis and the cholesterol efflux axis. Interestingly, our results also suggested that PB2 reduces electrolyte abnormalities and edema. In addition, PB2 may contribute protective effects against trace element dys-homeostasis, which, through alleviating serum ALB loss, leads to a protective effect on glomerular permselectivity injury. Taken together, our results reveal that the identified mechanisms of PB2 on NS are multifactorial and involve inhibition of oxidative distress and inflammatory responses, as well as improvements in podocyte apoptosis and autophagy dysfunction, amelioration of lipid nephrotoxicity, and modulation of electrolyte abnormalities and edema. Thus, we provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of PB2 against NS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 180 WuSi Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Jiamei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 180 WuSi Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 180 WuSi Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Zihan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 180 WuSi Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Liangliang Zhao
- Department of Monitoring and Analysis, Baoding Environmental Monitoring Center of Hebei Province, 224 Dongfeng Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Wenbo Lang
- Department of Monitoring and Analysis, Baoding Environmental Monitoring Center of Hebei Province, 224 Dongfeng Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Chunmao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Chengyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 180 WuSi Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Feng Y, Li M, Yang M, Shi G, Xuan Z, Yin D, Xu F. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Diseases: Theories, Applications, and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917975. [PMID: 35924053 PMCID: PMC9340222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and progressive disease that has become a major public health problem on a global scale. Renal fibrosis is a common feature in the pathogenesis of CKD, which is mainly related to the excessive accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix caused by various inflammatory factors. No ideal treatment has yet been established. In recent years, based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory of CKD and its molecular mechanism, clinical evidence or experimental studies have confirmed that a variety of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and their effective components can delay the progress of CKD. TCM believes that the pathogenesis of CKD is the deficiency in the root and excess in the branch, and the deficiency and excess are always accompanied by the disease. The strategies of TCM in treating CKD are mainly based on invigorating Qi, tonifying the kidneys, promoting blood circulation, removing stasis, eliminating heat and dampness, removing turbidity, and eliminating edema, and these effects are multitargeted and multifunctional. This review attempts to summarize the theories and treatment strategies of TCM in the treatment of CKD and presents the efficacy and mechanisms of several CMMs supported by clinical evidence or experimental studies. In addition, the relationship between the macroscopic of TCM and the microscopic of modern medicine and the problems faced in further research were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Scientific Research and Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zihua Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu B, Cao Y, Wang D, Zhou Y, Zhang P, Wu J, Chen J, Qiu J, Zhou J. Zhen-Wu-Tang Induced Mitophagy to Protect Mitochondrial Function in Chronic Glomerulonephritis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:777670. [PMID: 35757387 PMCID: PMC9231558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.777670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is one of the major causes of end-stage kidney disease. Zhen-wu-tang (ZWT), as a famous Chinese herbal prescription, is widely used in China for CGN therapy in clinic. However, the mechanism of ZWT in CGN has not been fully understood. The present study explored the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of ZWT on mitochondrial function in cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA)-induced CGN model rats and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)-damaged mouse podocytes. The renal functions were measured by serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Renal pathological changes and ultrastructure of kidney tissues were evaluated by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and transmission electron microscopy. The levels of antioxidases, including mitochondrial catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), in CGN rats were examined by real-time PCR. The mitochondrial functions of podocytes were measured by ATP concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS). For mitophagy level detection, the expressions of mitophagy-related proteins, including LC3, p62, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20), were measured by Western blot, as the colocation of LC3 and mitochondrial marker COX IV were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Our results manifested that ZWT ameliorated CGN model rats by a remarkable decrease in Scr and BUN, inhibition of mesangial matrix proliferation, protection against foot processes fusion, and basement membrane thickening. More importantly, ZWT protected against mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the expressions of CAT, SOD2, and PRDX3 in CGN model rats, increased ATP content and MMP in podocytes, and decreased excessive mtROS. Furthermore, ZWT induced mitophagy in CGN through increasing the expression of LC3, and decreasing p62, HSP60, TOMM20, and ZWT also enhanced the colocation of LC3 to the mitochondria. We found that ZWT inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which could be disturbed by PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and agonist insulin-like growth factor 1. Moreover, ZWT reversed the inhibition of the AMPK pathway in CGN. Overall, ZWT ameliorated renal mitochondrial dysfunction probably by inducing mitophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bihao Liu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dejuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen Univerisity, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peichun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Jishuitan Orthp Aedic Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Junbiao Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Qiu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grimes JA, Lourenço BN, Coleman AE, Rissi DR, Schmiedt CW. MicroRNAs are differentially expressed in the serum and renal tissues of cats with experimentally induced chronic kidney disease: a preliminary study. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:426-433. [PMID: 35239506 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.08.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify differentially expressed microRNA in the serum and renal tissues of cats with experimentally induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). SAMPLE Banked renal tissues and serum from 4 cats. PROCEDURES Cats previously underwent 90-minute unilateral ischemia with delayed contralateral nephrectomy 3 months after ischemia. Tissues were collected from the contralateral kidney at the time of nephrectomy and from the ischemic kidney 6 months after nephrectomy (study end). Serum was collected prior to ischemia (baseline serum) and at study end (end point serum). Total RNA was isolated from tissues and serum, and microRNA sequencing was performed with differential expression analysis between the contralateral and ischemic kidney and baseline and end point serum. RESULTS 20 microRNAs were differentially expressed between ischemic and contralateral kidneys, and 52 microRNAs were differentially expressed between end point and baseline serum. Five microRNAs were mutually differentially expressed between ischemic and contralateral kidneys and baseline and end point serum, with 4 (mir-21, mir-146, mir-199, and mir-235) having increased expression in both the ischemic kidney and end point serum and 1 (mir-382) having increased expression in the ischemic kidney and decreased expression in end point serum. Predicted target search for these microRNA revealed multiple genes previously shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of feline CKD, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor-β, hepatocyte growth factor, fibronectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor A. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MicroRNAs were differentially expressed after CKD induction in this preliminary study. Regulation of renal fibrosis in feline CKD may occur through microRNA regulation of mRNAs of pro- and anti-fibrotic genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Bianca N Lourenço
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Cao Y, Lu R, Li H, Pang Y, Fu H, Fang G, Chen Q, Liu B, Wu J, Zhou Y, Zhou J. Integrated Fecal Microbiome and Serum Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Abnormal Changes in Rats with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and the Intervention Effect of Zhen Wu Tang. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:606689. [PMID: 33584283 PMCID: PMC7872959 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.606689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), an autoimmune renal disease with complicated pathogenesis, is one of the principal reasons for end-stage renal disease in the clinic. Evidence has linked apparent alterations in the components of the microbiome and metabolome to renal disease in rats. However, thus far, there is insufficient evidence that supports the potential relationship between gut microbiome, circulating metabolites, and IgAN. This study was designed to probe the effects of IgAN on intestinal microecology and metabolic phenotypes and to understand the possible underlying mechanisms. Fecal and serum samples were collected from IgAN rats. Composition of the gut microbiota and biochemical changes in the metabolites was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. The IgAN rats exhibited renal insufficiency and increased concentration of 24-h urine protein, in addition to deposition of IgA and IgG immune complexes in the kidney tissues. There was a disturbance in the balance of gut microbiota in IgAN rats, which was remarkably associated with renal damage. Marked changes in microbial structure and function were accompanied by apparent alterations in 1,403 serum metabolites, associated with the disorder of energy, carbohydrate, and nucleotide metabolisms. Administration of Zhen Wu Tang ameliorated microbial dysbiosis and attenuated the renal damage. Besides, treatment with Zhen Wu Tang modulated the metabolic phenotype perturbation in case of gut microbiota dysbiosis in IgAN rats. In conclusion, these findings provided a comprehensive understanding of the potential relationship between the intestinal microbiota and metabolic phenotypes in rats with IgAN. Elucidation of the intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic signature alterations could identify predictive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and progression, which might contribute to providing therapeutic strategies for IgAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhe Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihao Liu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbiao Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Sun H, Li C, Pu Z, Wu Z, Xu M, Li X, Zhang Y, Li H, Dong J, Bi R, Xie H, Liang D. Comparative HPLC-MS/MS-based pharmacokinetic studies of multiple diterpenoid alkaloids following the administration of Zhenwu Tang and Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata extracts to rats. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:345-354. [PMID: 33332226 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1866229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstracts Zhenwu Tang (ZWT) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is primarily composed of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata (FZ) and diterpenoid alkaloids are believed to be the pharmacologically active compounds of ZWT. In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles of hypaconitine, mesaconitine, aconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylaconitine, and benzoylhypacoitine were assessed in rats following intragastric ZWT administration. Furthermore, differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of these six alkaloids were assessed as a function of rat sex and the administration of ZWT or FZ extracts to these animals. Plasma levels of these alkaloids were quantified via HPLC-MS/MS. Significant differences in key pharmacokinetic parameters were observed when comparing rats administered FZ or ZWT. Relative to FZ extract treatment, ZWT administration was associated with Cmax and AUC0-∞ values of benzoylmesaconitine that were about 3.5 and 5.5 times higher. Considerable variations in hypaconitine pharmacokinetic parameters were also revealed between female and male rats. The Cmax and AUC0-∞ of hypaconitine were about 2.5- and 2.7-fold elevated in female rats in comparison with male rats. These results suggested that the other compounds within ZWT can enhance the absorption of benzoylmesaconitine, while hypaconitine exhibits higher bioavailability in female rats, as compared with male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Liu
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Li
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhicheng Pu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zijing Wu
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Maodi Xu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xianghong Li
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | | | - Hongjin Li
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Runlei Bi
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Haitang Xie
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Dahu Liang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bayat E, Rahpeima Z, Dastghaib S, Gholizadeh F, Erfani M, Asadikaram G, Mokarram P. Stevia rebaudiana extract attenuate metabolic disorders in diabetic rats via modulation of glucose transport and antioxidant signaling pathways and aquaporin-2 expression in two extrahepatic tissues. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13252. [PMID: 32515037 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Today, plant-based therapies have been attracted attention to overcome diabetes complications. This study was an attempt to evaluate whether antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni (SRB) can be exerted via upregulation of GLUT-4, SNAP23, and Stx4 in skeletal muscles or modulation of AQP2 mRNA expression and antioxidant signaling pathway activity (Nrf2/Keap1) in kidneys. To achieve this aim, diabetes was induced via STZ-nicotinamide (STZ-NA). Diabetes increased the level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), and Keap1 mRNA expression, which was coincide with reduction in mRNA levels of Nrf2, GLUT4, SNAP23, and Stx4. SRB and metformin compensate mentioned variables. However, SRB extract was more effective than metformin to increase the levels of GLUT4 and Nrf2 mRNA. It seems that SRB might attenuate the diabetic complications via manipulating the glucose uptake components in peripheral tissues and might exert the nephroprotective effects by modulation of AQP2, and Nrf2/Keap1 mRNA expression. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Synthetic antidiabetic drugs have been only partially successful in controlling the diabetic complications. Moreover, use of these drugs is associated with a number of adverse effects. Over the past few years, a renewed attention has been paid to the prevention and treatment of diabetes using medicinal plants and functional foods. SRB that have been known as natural sweetener for centuries, is a such natural agent that has high source of various phytochemicals with antidiabetic, renal protective, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. In the current study, possible molecular mechanisms of insulin-mimetic and nephroprotective effects of SRB extract was evaluated in diabetic rats. Due to powerful antihyperglycemic and nephroprotective effects of SRB extract that were showed in this study and previous studies, hence the fact that SRB is to be highlighted for future research as a new therapeutic agent for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Bayat
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahpeima
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gholizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Erfani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|